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Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives Czech 403

Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

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Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives. Czech 403. Mužský rod. What are the most important parameters? Hard vs. soft Animate vs. inanimate Virile vs. non-virile. Hard stems can end in: b, d, f, g, h, ch, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, z Hard –a: student a Hard –ě: na papíř e - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Czech 403

Page 2: Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Mužský rod

• What are the most important parameters?

– Hard vs. soft

– Animate vs. inanimate

– Virile vs. non-virile

Page 3: Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Tvrdé a měkké vzory

• Hard stems can end in: – b, d, f, g, h, ch, k, l, m,

n, p, r, s, t, v, z

• Hard –a: studenta• Hard –ě: na papíře• Hard –o: hrdino• Hard –u: ke stolu• Hard –y: stoly

• Soft stems can end in:– b, c, č, ď, j, l, m, ň, p, ř,

s, š, ť, v, z, ž

• Soft –ě: malíře• Soft –i: v koši• Soft –ě: soudce• Soft –i: ke koši• Soft –ě: koše

Page 4: Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Životné a neživotné vzory

• Životné:– DLsg

• -ovi

– Gsg• -a

– Asg• -a (= Gsg)

– Npl• -i

– NB!: d>ď, t>ť, n>ň, r>ř, k>c, h/g>z, ch>š, sk>šť, ck>čť

• Neživotné:– DLsg

• -u, -ě

– Gsg• -u, -a

– Asg• -Ø (= Nsg)

– Npl • -y

Page 5: Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Virile vs. non-virile

• Virile:– –a/-ě– Hard: turista, hrdina

• Sg: like fem –a, except DLsg –ovi

• Pl: like masc anim, but Npl –é, -ové

– Soft: soudce, zachránce• Like hard, except Npl -i

• Non-virile:– -Ø

Page 6: Masculine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Two rules of thumb…

• Gpl is always – –ů

• Dpl is always – -ům