MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY

By

Alban Jerome

Vivek ShriKumar

&

PROLOGUE Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory proposed by

Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs remains valid today for understanding human motivation and for management training.

Maslow's original five-stage Hierarchy of Needs model is attributable to Maslow; later versions are not.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs was later modified by other people, as the adapted seven and eight-stage Hierarchy of Needs models.

Each of us is motivated by needs. Our most basic needs are inborn, having evolved over tens of thousands of years.

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs helps to explain how these needs motivate us all. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states that we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself.

Only when the lower order needs of physical and emotional well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs of influence and personal development.

Conversely, if the things that satisfy our lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs.

When it was originally published Hierarchy of Needs model comprised five needs. This original version remains for most people the definitive Hierarchy of Needs.

APPLICATION

Personal Motivation Organizational Growth Social Media HRM Product Branding Marketing International Business

HIERARCHY

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and lowest levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top.

The lower four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency needs" : esteem, friendship and love, security, and physical needs.

With the exception of the lowest (physiological) needs, if these "deficiency needs" are not met, the body gives no physical indication but the individual feels anxious and tense.

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

ESTEEM

LOVE & BELONGING

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

MoralityCreativitySpontaneityProblem solvingNo prejudice Acceptance of reality/facts

OriginalInventiveLess constrictedFresher than others

Not susceptible to social pressureSocially compassionate Comfortable with oneselfSense of humor Spontaneous and natural Excited and interestedbetter perceptions of reality Accept themselves & their natures Lack of artificialityAppreciate pleasures of lifeDeep feeling of kinship Strong ethical /moral stds

Recognition Status Attention Social Status Accomplishment Self-respect Self-confidenceAttention

Others’ Respect FamePrestigeAttentionStrengthCompetenceMasteryIndependenceFreedom

FriendshipIntimacyFamilyBelonging to a peer group Giving and receiving love

Feeling of acceptanceBelonging to org/teamReinforcing team dynamicsCohesivenessComfort

Living in a safe area Personal securityFinancial securityHealth and well-beingSafety net against Accidents/Illness

Safe working environmentRelative job securityMedical insurance Financial reserves

BreathingFoodWaterHomeostasisSexSleep

Basic creature comforts Sanitation Ample breaks for lunch and recuperation salaries that allow buy life's essentials.

Increase Skills LevelsAcquire New Skill SetsTraining OJTLinguistics abilities Desire new experiencesEffective trouble shoot

Increase their intelligence Chase knowledgeLearnExploreDiscover Desire new experiencesTo solve mysteries

SELF-TRANSCENDENCE

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

AESTHETIC

COGNITIVE

ESTEEM

BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE

SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

NatureArtMusicBeautiful imagery AestheticsOneness with nature

Decorative work station Symmetry Closure in working placeArchitectural Balance/formEsthetic looks/ work areas etc.

Financia

l stability

Maslow’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Self-Actualization

Of an Organization Brand

Strategic Diversification

Sales & Growth

Operational Efficiency

REGULATORY COMPLIANCE & CONTROLS

BEYOND MASLOW Alderfer's ERG

Level of Need Definition  Properties

Growth Impel a person to make creative or productive effects on himself and his environment

Satisfied through using capabilities in engaging problems; creates a greater sense of wholeness & fullness as a human being

Relatedness Involve relationships with significant others

Satisfied by mutually sharing thoughts and feelings; acceptance, confirmation, under- standing, and influence are elements

Existence Includes all of the various forms of material and psychological desires

When divided among people one person's gain is another's loss if resources are limited

Level Introversion Extroversion

Growth Self-Actualization (development of competencies [knowledge, attitudes, and skills] and character)

Transcendence (assisting in the development of others' competencies and character; relationships to the unknown, unknowable)

Other (Relatedness)

Personal identification with group, significant others (Belongingness)

Value of person by group (Esteem)

Self (Existence)

Physiological, biological (including basic emotional needs)

Connectedness,  security

HERZBERG'S HYGIENE & MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS

Hygiene or Dissatisfiers factors must be present in the job before motivators can be used to stimulate a person.

Herzberg's needs are specifically job related and reflects the distinct things that people want from their work as opposed to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Coined the term job enrichment — redesigning work in order to build in motivators by increasing both the number of tasks and the control over those tasks.

MCGREGOR'S THEORY X &THEORY Y Herzberg's theory is a micro version of Maslow's

theory that is focused in the work environment. McGregor's Theory X is based on workers

caught in the lower levels (1 to 3) of Maslow's theory due to bad management practices, while his Theory Y is for workers who have gone above level 3 with the help of management.

McGregor's Theory X is also based on workers caught in Herzberg's Hygiene Dissatisfiers, while Theory Y is based on workers who are in the Motivators or Satisfiers section.

Q & A

1. Biological and Physiological needs2. Safety needs3. Belongingness and Love needs4. Esteem needs5. Cognitive needs6. Aesthetic needs7. Self-Actualization needs8. Transcendence needs