Mass & Balance Exam 2

Mass & Balance Exam 2, 30 questions, 60 minutes 1. An aeroplane with a two wheel nose gear and four main wheels rests

on the ground with a single nose wheel load of 725 kg and a single main wheel load of 6000 kg. The distance between the nose wheels and the main wheels is 10 meters. How far is the centre of gravity in front of the main wheels? (a) 25 cm (b) 57 cm (c) 400 cm (d) 40 cm

2. The operating mass of an aeroplane is:

(a) The empty mass plus the take-off fuel mass. (b) The empty mass plus crew, crew baggage and catering

equipment (c) The dry operating mass plus the take-off fuel mass. (d) The empty mass plus the trip fuel mass.

3. What effect has a centre of gravity close to the forward limit?

(a) A better rate of climb capability (b) A reduction in the specific fuel consumption (c) A decreased induced drag (d) A reduced rate of climb capability

4. The specimen aircraft SEP1 described in Section II of CAP 696 is to be

loaded with a box of heavy equipment evenly placed across baggage zones B and C. The dimensions of the box are 3ft 0” by 2ft 6” and the mass is 460lb. Before loading the box the total aircraft mass was 3120lb and the C of G position was 84.02 aft. After loading which of the following statements is true?

(i) The total mass is less than the MTOM (ii) The floor loading is inside limits (iii) The C of G is inside limits

(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (ii) only (c) (ii) and (iii) only (d) (i) (ii) and (iii)

Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 2

5. Use Annex A, if required, to complete this question

A scheduled flight of three hours estimated flight time, within Europe, is to be conducted. Using the data for the maximum certificated mass given within CAP 696 for the medium range twin jet aeroplane, calculate the maximum extra mass of freight that may be loaded in the following circumstances:

Performance limited take-off mass 67 900 kg Performance limited landing mass 56 200 kg Dry Operating Mass 34 960 kg Fuel on board at ramp 15 800 kg Taxi fuel 450 kg Trip fuel 10 200 kg Passengers (adults/each 84kg) 115

(children/each 35kg) 6 Allow standard baggage for each passenger (13 kg).

Select your answer from the following:

(a) 1047 kg (b) 857 kg (c) 4987 kg (d) 3347 kg

6. JAR OPS permits the use of fleet masses and centre of gravity

calculations under certain circumstances. With regard to the regulations concerning fleet values and centre of gravity positions which of the following is true?

(a) Aircraft covered by such calculations do not need to be weighed (b) Only aircraft that express the centre of gravity as a %MAC can

employ such methods (c) Fleet mass evaluations must be carried out at least every nine

years (d) Centre of gravity calculations on aircraft treated as part of a

fleet do not need to be modified by the effect of equipment changes on individual aircraft

7. The MTOM of an aircraft is given as 167,000kg, the MZFM is

102,000kg, the MLM 108,000kg and the DOM 63,000kg. If the total fuel mass at take-off is 37,500kg of which 33,000kg is used for trip fuel what is the allowable traffic load?

(a) 66,500 kg (b) 39,000 kg (c) 40,500 kg (d) 61,500 kg


8. Use the data for MRJT 1 in Section IV of CAP 696 to answer this question.

The maximum fuel load for this aircraft is approximately:

(a) 1200 kg (b) 1800 kg (c) 16100 kg (d) 32200 kg

9. Use the data for MRJT 1 in Section IV of CAP 696 to answer this

question.

A load is to be placed in the central section of the forward cargo compartment between the basic moment arms (BA) of 286” and 343”. The dimensions of the load are 30” by 30” by 30” and the mass is 480 kg. Which of the following statements is true?

(i) The maximum compartment load is exceeded (ii) The maximum compartment running load is exceeded (iii) The maximum distribution load intensity is exceeded (iv) The compartment centroid is exceeded (a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) (ii) and (iii)

10. Use the data for SEP 1 in Section II of CAP 696 to answer this question.

The distance of the main undercarriage from the firewall is:

(a) 97.0” (b) 58.0” (c) 87.7” (d) 48.7”

11. Use the data at figure 2.3 for SEP 1 in Section II of CAP 696 to answer

this question.

The weight of 63 US gallons of fuel is:

(a) 360 lbs (b) 378 lbs (c) 385 lbs (d) 390 lbs


12. Use the data at figure 4.4 for MRJT 1 in Section IV of CAP 696 to answer this question.

The aircraft centre of gravity is calculated at 22%MAC. With flaps 15º set for take-off the required stabiliser trim setting is:

(a) 3.6 units (b) 3.3 units (c) 4.7 units (d) 2.4 units

13. An aircraft loaded so that the centre of gravity lies towards the rear of

the approved envelope would, compared to an aircraft loaded with a forward centre of gravity, experience:

(i) reduced range (ii) an decreased stalling speed (iii) an increased stalling speed (iv) a tendency for the nose to drop in the landing flare (v) increased range (vi) increased induced drag (vii) a tendency for the nose to rise early on rotation

(a) (i) (iii) (vi) (vii) (b) (i) (ii) (iv) (vi) (c) (iii) (v) (vii) (d) (ii) (v) (vii)

14. An aircraft with two holds is loaded so that the total mass is 67,300kg

and the centre of gravity at 573” aft of the datum. The holds are at 580” aft and 360” aft of the datum. How much mass would have to be moved from the aft hold to the forward hold to position the centre of gravity at 570” aft?

(a) 830 kg (b) 917 kg (c) 989 kg (d) 1045 kg

15. Use the data for MEP 1 in Section III of CAP 696 to answer this

question.

If the aircraft is at MTOM with full tanks and a pilot mass of 200lb what traffic load can be carried if 80 gallons of fuel are used in flight?

(a) none (b) 1060 lb (c) 602 lb (d) 845 lb


16. Use the data for MEP 1 in Section III of CAP 696 and Annex B to answer this question.

The TOM is 4300lb and the corresponding moment is 399,900 lbin the centre of gravity position is

(a) 1.6” forward of the aft limit (b) 92” aft of the datum (c) 107” aft of the datum (d) 5” aft of the forward limit

17. Use the data for MRJT 1 in Section IV of CAP 696 and the partially

completed load sheet at Annex C to answer this question. The allowed traffic load is:

(a) 13,000 kg (b) 14,000 kg (c) 18,400 kg (d) 18,100 kg

18. Aircraft must be weighed

(i) On entry into service with an operator (ii) Every 4 years unless fleet averages are used (iii) If the mass and balance records have not been adjusted for

modifications (iv) When the changes to the DOM exceed 0.5% of the MLM (v) When the C of G moves through more than 0.5% of the MAC (vi) When the MTOM varies by more than 0.5%

(a) (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) (b) (ii) (iii) (iv) and (v) (c) (i) (ii) (iv) (v) and (vi) (d) (ii) (iii) (iv) and (vi)


19. Use the data for MEP1 in Section III of CAP 696 and the following information to complete the manifest below.

Pilot and front passenger 395 lb Passengers (centre seats) 350 lb Baggage zone 3 180 lb Baggage zone 1 90 lb Fuel load at start 90 USG Taxi fuel 4 USG Trip fuel 70 USG

ITEM Mass (Lbs.)

Arm Aft Of Datum (IN)

MOMENT (IN/Lbs)

Basic Empty Mass 3210 88.5 284085 Pilot and Front Passenger 395 85.5 33773 Passengers (Centre Seats) or Baggage Zone 2 (360 LB Max.) 350 118.5 41475 Passengers (Rear Seats) or Baggage Zone 3 (400 LB Max.) 180 157.6 28368

Baggage Zone 1 (100 LB Max.) 90 22.5 2025 Baggage Zone 4 (100 LB Max.) - 178.7 - Zero Fuel Mass (4470 LB Max - Std) 4225 92.2 389726 Fuel (123 Gal. Max) 540 93.6 +50544 Ramp Mass (4773 LB Max) 4765 92.4 440270 Fuel Allowance for Start, Taxi, Run-up 93.6 Take-off Mass (4750 LB Max.) Minus Estimated Fuel Burn-off 93.6 - Landing Mass (4513 LB Max.)

Use the information from the completed form to choose the correct answer from the options below

(a) Maximum mass limits are exceeded and the centre of gravity is

92.3” aft for take-off (b) Maximum mass limits are exceeded and the centre of gravity is

93.6” aft for landing (c) Maximum mass limits are not exceeded and the centre of gravity

is 93.6” aft for take-off (d) Maximum mass limits are not exceeded and the centre of gravity

is 92.3” aft for landing


20. Use the data for MRJT 1 in Section IV of CAP 696 and the completed section of a load and trim sheet at Annex D to answer this question.

Choose the correct combination from the answers below to complete this statement:

“If ten passengers were moved from passenger Zone F to Zone A the centre of gravity would be at …………..and the stabiliser trim setting for a Flaps 5º take-off would be…………..”

(a) 14.6%MAC 4.4 units (b) 14.6%MAC 5.6 units (c) 17.2%MAC 4.0 units (d) 4.0%MAC 17 units

21. Mass and Balance documentation

(i) must be prepared prior to each flight (ii) must enable the commander to determine the load and its

distribution is such that the mass and balance limits of the aircraft are not exceeded

(iii) must include the name of the person preparing the document (iv) must be signed by the person supervising the loading to the

effect that the load and its distribution is in accordance with the data on the document

(v) must include the aircraft commander’s signature to signify acceptance of the document

(a) (i) and (iii) only (b) (i) (ii) (iii) and (v) only (c) (ii) (iv) and (v) only (d) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) and (v)

22. The Traffic Load:

(a) includes the mass of passengers and baggage but excludes any non-revenue load

(b) includes the mass of passengers, baggage and cargo but excludes non-revenue load

(c) includes the mass of passengers, baggage, cargo and non-revenue load

(d) includes the mass of passengers, baggage, and non-revenue load but excludes cargo


23. The aircraft shown below has a recorded force of 540 Newtons (N) on the nosewheel and 8920 N and 8880 N on each mainwheel.

84cm

264cm

Datum

The Total Mass is …………. and the centre of gravity is……….. (a) 1834 kg 172 cm behind the nose wheel (b) 1871 kg 5 cm in front of the main wheels (c) 1797 kg 256 cm aft of the datum (d) 1834 kg 242 cm aft of the datum

24. Refer to the data for MRJT 1 in CAP 696 to answer this question. The datum point is:

(a) the aircraft nose (b) the forward bulkhead (c) 540” forward of the front spar (d) body station zero

25. Refer to the data for MRJT 1 in CAP 696 to answer this question.

The moment of the unusable fuel in the centre and wing tanks is: (a) 599 kg inches (b) 1799 kg inches (c) 31194 kg inches (d) 22808 kg inches

26. Refer to the data for MRJT 1 in CAP 696 to answer this question. The fuel index for a mass of fuel of 14080 kg at a SG of 0.79 is:

(a) 11.1 (b) 11.7 (c) 12.3 (d) 12.9


27. Use the conversion data in Section I of CAP 696 to answer this question.

The mass of 320 Imperial Gallons of JET A1 fuel with a specific gravity

of 0.80 is:

(a) 1453 kg (b) 1816 kg (c) 1242 kg (d) 1162 kg

28. An aircraft with a MTOM of 195,000kg, a MZFM of 142,000kg, a MRM

of 195,500kg, a DOM of 112,600kg and a MLM of 154,000kg carries a fuel load of 65,000kg at the ramp of which 500kg is burnt during start and taxy and 57,000kg is trip fuel. The traffic load is 17,000kg, the underload is:

(a) 900 kg (b) 12400 kg (c) 16900 kg (d) nil

29. An aircraft has a centre of gravity 540” aft of the datum. The leading

edge of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) is 526” aft of the datum and the length of the MAC is 57”. The position of the centre of gravity expressed as a percentage of the MAC is:

(a) 23.8 (b) 24.6 (c) 25.7 (d) 27.2

30. JAR OPS specifies that for fleet sizes of more than ten aircraft the

number of weighings required between fleet weighings should be (n + 51) ÷ 10 where n is (a) the number of aircraft manufactured (b) the number of aircraft certificated in JAA states (c) the number of years between weighings (d) the number of aircraft in the fleet


Intentionally Blank


Mass & Balance Exam 2, 30 Questions, 60 Minutes

A B C D123456789

101112131415

A B C D161718192021222324252627282930

Name: ……………………………………….


Answers

1 b 11 b 21 d 2 c 12 d 22 c 3 d 13 d 23 b 4 b 14 b 24 c 5 b 15 c 25 c 6 b 16 a 26 b 7 b 17 a 27 d 8 c 18 b 28 a 9 a 19 d 29 b 10 b 20 a 30 d


Annex A

MAC

at T

OM

......

......

....%

1020

3040

5060

7080

15 18 24 24 24 1818

33

05

41

87

DR

Y O

PER

ATIN

G IN

DEX

:

Cpt

MAS

S/N

o

1 4 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 0g

DR

Y O

PER

ATIN

G IN

DEX

:

NO

EFF

EC

T

X 1000 kg

63,0

00

60 55 50 45 40 35 300

1020

IND

EX

4030

5060

7080

FOR

CR

EW O

NLY

: STA

B. T

RIM

UN

ITS

FOR

T.O

. FLA

PS 5

º ON

LY

FUEL

IND

EX+ -

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

25

% M

ACM

ZFM

LMC

NO

T IN

CLU

DED

limit

LIZF

M

operational limit

opera

tiona

l limit

PITC

H: 1

000k

g

PITC

H: 1

0 Pe

rs

PITC

H: 1

0 Pe

rs _+

10 P

ers

PIT

CH

:10

Pers

10 P

ers

PITC

H:1

0 Pe

rs

PITC

H:1

000k

g

Cpt

.N

o of

Seat

s

Row

0a0b

0c0d

0e0f

0g 18

22 -

26

18

21 -

23

24

16 -

20

24

11 -

15

18 7 - 1

0

18 4 - 6

15 1 - 3PA

SSEN

GER

CO

MPA

RTM

ENT

DIV

ISIO

N

=/

Gro

up/C

ockp

it C

rew

ZER

O F

UE

LTA

KE-O

FFLA

ND

ING

MAX

IMU

MM

ASSE

S FO

R

Trip

Fue

l+

=ZE

RO

FU

EL M

ASS

Max

Trip

Fue

l

=LA

ND

ING

MAS

S

Max

SI

=TA

KE-O

FF M

ASS

Max

Take

-off

Fuel

Dry

Ope

ratin

g M

ass

+ + _

TOTA

L TR

AFFI

C L

OA

D

T O T A LDR

Y O

PER

ATIN

G M

ASS

Take

-off

Fuel

+

OP

ERAT

ING

MAS

S=

Tota

lTr

affic

Loa

d

+Al

low

ed M

ass

for T

ake-

off

Low

est o

f a, b

, c

UN

DE

RLO

ADbe

fore

LM

C

Allo

wed

Traf

fic L

oad

==N

otes

:

Tr B C M

No

of

Ma

FeC

hIn

Des

t.TO

TAL

Tr B C M

//

/.T

.1/

.0/

/.4

//

/.T

.1/

.0/

/.4

DIS

TRIB

UTI

ON

MAS

S

10

Rem

arks

PAX

FC

Y

.PAX

/

Vlll

Vlll

.PAX

/

LAST

MIN

UTE

CH

AN

GE

S

Des

tS

peci

ficat

ion

Cl/C

ptP

lus

Min

us

LOAD

LM

C (T

otal

)TO

F A

djus

tmen

tTO

TAL

LMC

+/-

=

lPr

epar

ed b

y:

Appr

oved

by:

Pass

enge

r Mas

s

+

Dat

e

Vlll

Cre

wA

LL M

ASSE

S IN

KIL

OG

RAM

/Fl

ight

Dat

eR

egis

tratio

nVe

rsio

n

Orig

inat

orR

echa

rge

D

ate/

Tim

eIn

itial

s

Pref

ixA

dres

sees

Vlll

AB

C

3 5

4


Annex B

84

86

88

90

92 94

82

2600

2800

3000

3200

3600

FWD

LIM

IT 8

2

3800

4000

4400

4600

3400

4750

44704513

MAX ZERO FUEL WT

2200

MAX TO WT

MAX LANDING WT

84 86 88 9082

AFT

LIM

IT 9

4.6

CG LOCATION (INCHES AFT DATUM)

AIR

CR

AFT

WEI

GH

T - L

BS

2400WEIGHT

VSCG ENVELOPE

4200


Annex C

MAC

at T

OM

......

......

....%

1020

3040

5060

7080

15 18 24 24 24 1818

33

05

41

87

DR

Y O

PER

ATIN

G IN

DEX

:

Cpt

MAS

S/N

o

1 4 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 0g

DR

Y O

PER

ATIN

G IN

DEX

:

NO

EFF

EC

T

X 1000 kg

63,0

00

60 55 50 45 40 35 300

1020

IND

EX

4030

5060

7080

FOR

CR

EW O

NLY

: STA

B. T

RIM

UN

ITS

FOR

T.O

. FLA

PS 5

º ON

LY

FUEL

IND

EX+ -

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

2122

2324

25

% M

ACM

ZFM

LMC

NO

T IN

CLU

DED

limit

LIZF

M

operational limit

opera

tiona

l limit

PITC

H: 1

000k

g

PITC

H: 1

0 Pe

rs

PITC

H: 1

0 Pe

rs _+

10 P

ers

PIT

CH

:10

Pers

10 P

ers

PITC

H:1

0 Pe

rs

PITC

H:1

000k

g

Cpt

.N

o of

Seat

s

Row

0a0b

0c0d

0e0f

0g 18

22 -

26

18

21 -

23

24

16 -

20

24

11 -

15

18 7 - 1

0

18 4 - 6

15 1 - 3PA

SSEN

GER

CO

MPA

RTM

ENT

DIV

ISIO

N

=/

Gro

up/C

ockp

it C

rew

ZER

O F

UE

LTA

KE-O

FFLA

ND

ING

MAX

IMU

MM

ASSE

S FO

R

Trip

Fue

l+

=ZE

RO

FU

EL M

ASS

Max

Trip

Fue

l

=LA

ND

ING

MAS

S

Max

SI

=TA

KE-O

FF M

ASS

Max

Take

-off

Fuel

Dry

Ope

ratin

g M

ass

+ + _

TOTA

L TR

AFFI

C L

OA

D

T O T A LDR

Y O

PER

ATIN

G M

ASS

Take

-off

Fuel

+

OP

ERAT

ING

MAS

S=

Tota

lTr

affic

Loa

d

+Al

low

ed M

ass

for T

ake-

off

Low

est o

f a, b

, c

UN

DE

RLO

ADbe

fore

LM

C

Allo

wed

Traf

fic L

oad

==N

otes

:

Tr B C M

No

of

Ma

FeC

hIn

Des

t.TO

TAL

Tr B C M

//

/.T

.1/

.0/

/.4

//

/.T

.1/

.0/

/.4

DIS

TRIB

UTI

ON

MAS

S

10

Rem

arks

PAX

FC

Y

.PAX

/

Vlll

Vlll

.PAX

/

LAST

MIN

UTE

CH

AN

GE

S

Des

tS

peci

ficat

ion

Cl/C

ptP

lus

Min

us

LOAD

LM

C (T

otal

)TO

F A

djus

tmen

tTO

TAL

LMC

+/-

=

lPr

epar

ed b

y:

Appr

oved

by:

Pass

enge

r Mas

s

+

Dat

e

Vlll

Cre

wA

LL M

ASSE

S IN

KIL

OG

RAM

/Fl

ight

Dat

eR

egis

tratio

nVe

rsio

n

Orig

inat

orR

echa

rge

D

ate/

Tim

eIn

itial

s

Pref

ixA

dres

sees

Vlll

AB

C

3 5

4

33

90

0

49

80

0

51

30

01

59

00

54

90

01

59

00

67

20

06

28

001

20

00

66

90

0


Annex D

MAC at TOM

................%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

15

18

24

24

24

18

18

3 3 0 5

4 1 8 7

DRY OPERATING INDEX:

Cpt MASS/No

140a0b0c0d0e0f0g

DRY OPERATING INDEX:

NO EFFECT

X 1

000

kg

63,000

60

55

50

45

40

35

300 10 20INDEX 4030 50 60 70 80

FOR CREW ONLY: STAB. TRIM UNITS FOR T.O. FLAPS 5º ONLY

FUELINDEX

+-

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

21 22 23 24 25

% MACMZFM

LMC NOT INCLUDED

limit LIZFM

operational limit

operatio

nal lim

it

PITCH: 1000kg

PITCH: 10 Pers

PITCH: 10 Pers

_ +

10 Pers

PITCH:10 Pers

10 Pers

PITCH:10 Pers

PITCH:1000kg

Cpt.No ofSeats

Row

0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 0g

18

22 - 26

18

21 - 23

24

16 - 20

24

11 - 15

18

7 - 10

18

4 - 6

15

1 - 3

PASSENGER COMPARTMENT DIVISION

=/Group/Cockpit Crew

45 3

45.02

2 1 0 0

- 9.9

6 3 0

20

5

10

5

20

0

TOM

15


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Mass & Balance Exam 2