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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination 2016/2017 Academic Session December 2016/January2017 MAT 264 - NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICS [Statistik Tak Berparameter] Duration : 3 hours [Masa : 3 jam] Please check that this examination paper consists of TWENTY ONE pages of printed material before you begin the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUA PULUH SATU muka surat yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.] Instructions: Answer all eight (8) questions. [Arahan: Jawab semua lapan (8) soalan.] In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah digunapakai.] …2/-

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Page 1: MAT 264 - NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICS [Statistik Tak ... fileUNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination 2016/2017 Academic Session December 2016/January2017 MAT 264 - NON-PARAMETRIC

UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

First Semester Examination

2016/2017 Academic Session

December 2016/January2017

MAT 264 - NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICS [Statistik Tak Berparameter]

Duration : 3 hours [Masa : 3 jam]

Please check that this examination paper consists of TWENTY ONE pages of printed material before you begin the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUA PULUH SATU muka surat yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.] Instructions: Answer all eight (8) questions. [Arahan: Jawab semua lapan (8) soalan.] In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah digunapakai.]

…2/-

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[MAT 264]

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1. What is meant by nonparametric statistics? Discuss the advantages and

disadvantages of nonparametric statistics.

[ 7 marks ]

1. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan statistik tak berparameter? Bincangkan

kebaikan dan keburukan statistik tak berparameter.

[ 7markah ]

2. A consumer organization wanted to compare two rival brands of infant car seat,

Brand A and Brand B. Fifteen families, each with a child under 12 months of age,

were selected at random. Each family tested each of the two brands of car seats for

one week. At the end of two weeks, each family indicated which brand it preferred.

Their preferences are listed here. The 0 indicates that the family had no preference.

A A A B A A B A A A

A 0 A B A

(a) At 5% level of significance, can you conclude that families prefer Brand A

over Brand B?

(b) Determine the P-value of the sample test statistic.

(c) Perform the runs test at 5% significance level to determine if there is

evidence of a nonrandom pattern in the sequence.

[ 15 marks ]

2. Persatuan pengguna mahu membanding dua jenama saingan tempat duduk kereta

bayi, Jenama A dan Jenama B. Lima belas keluarga dengan anak berusia bawah 12

bulan, telah dipilih secara rawak. Setiap keluarga menguji setiap satu kerusi kereta

bagi dua jenama tersebut untuk satu minggu. Pada akhir dua minggu, setiap

keluarga menunjuk jenama manakah mereka lebih disukai. Pilihan mereka

disenaraikan di bawah. 0 menunjukkan bahawa keluarga itu tidak membuat pilihan.

A A A B A A B A A A

A 0 A B A

(a) Pada aras keertian 5%, bolehkah anda membuat kesimpulan bahawa

keluarga itu lebih suka Jenama A daripada Jenama B?

(b) Tentukan nilai P bagi ujian statistik sampel.

(c) Jalankan ujian larian pada aras keertian 5% untuk menentukan sama ada

terdapat bukti corak tidak rawak dalam urutan.

[ 15markah ]

…3/-

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[MAT 264]

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3. The following table shows the one-week sales of six salespersons before and after

they attended a course on “how to be a successful salesperson.”

Before After

12 18

18 24

25 24

9 14

14 19

16 20

(a) Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at the 5% significance level, can you

conclude that the weekly sales for all salespersons tend to increase as a result

of attending this course?

(b) Perform the test of part (a) using the sign test at the 5% significance level.

(c) Compare your conclusions from parts (a) and (b).

(d) Construct a 95% confidence interval for median difference by using

Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

[ 20 marks ]

3. Jadual berikut menunjukkan jualan selama seminggu bagi enam jurujual sebelum

dan selepas mereka menghadiri kursus mengenai "bagaimana untuk menjadi

jurujual yang berjaya."

Sebelum Selepas

12 18

18 24

25 24

9 14

14 19

16 20

(a) Gunakan ujian Wilcoxon pangkat-bertanda pada 5% aras keertian,

bolehkah anda boleh membuat kesimpulan bahawa jualan mingguan untuk

semua jurujual cenderung meningkat adalah hasil daripada mengikuti

kursus ini?

(b) Laksanakan ujian pada bahagian (a) dengan menggunakan ujian tanda pada

aras keertian 5%.

(c) Bandingkan kesimpulan anda di bahagian (a) dan (b).

(d) Binakan suatu selang keyakinan 95% bagi perbezaan median dengan

menggunakan ujian Wilcoxon pangkat-bertanda.

[ 20 markah ]

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[MAT 264]

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4. A researcher obtains a random sample of 24 students taking elementary statistics at

a university and divides them randomly into two groups. Groups A receives

instruction to use Software A to do a statistics assignment, whereas Group B is

taught to use Software B to do the same statistics assignment. The time (in minutes)

taken by each student to complete this assignment is given in the table.

Group A Group B

123 65

101 115

112 95

85 100

87 94

133 72

129 60

114 110

150 99

110 102

180 88

115 97

(a) Using the 2.5% level of significance, can you conclude that the median time

required for all students taking elementary statistics at this university to

complete this assignment is longer for Software A than for Software B?

(b) Would a paired-samples sign test be appropriate here? Why or why not?

Explain.

[ 10 marks ]

4. Seorang penyelidik mendapat suatu sampel rawak denagn 24 pelajar yang

mengambil statistik permulaan di suatu universiti dan membahagikan mereka

secara rawak kepada dua kumpulan. Kumpulan A menerima arahan untuk

menggunakan Perisian A untuk melakukan tugasan statistik, manakala Kumpulan B

diajar menggunakan Perisian B untuk melakukan tugasan statistik yang sama. Masa

(dalam minit) yang diambil oleh setiap pelajar untuk menyiapkan tugasan ini

diberikan dalam jadual berikiut.

Kumpulan A Kumpulan B

123 65

101 115

112 95

85 100

87 94

133 72

129 60

114 110

150 99

110 102

180 88

115 97

…5/-

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[MAT 264]

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(a) Gunakan aras keertian 2.5%, bolehkah anda membuat kesimpulan bahawa

masa median diperlukan untuk semua pelajar yang mengambil statistik

permulaan di universiti ini untuk melengkapkan tugasan ini adalah lebih

lama dengan menggunakan Perisian A daripada Perisian B?

(b) Adakah ujian tanda berpasangan-sampel sesuai di sini? Mengapa ya atau

mengapa tidak? Terangkan.

[ 10 markah ]

5. The following table lists the numbers of cases of telemarketing fraud reported to

law-enforcement officials during several randomly chosen weeks in 2002 for three

large cities of approximately equal populations.

City A City B City C

53 29 75

46 35 49

59 44 62

33 31 68

60 50 52

48

(a) At the 2.5% level of significance, can you reject the null hypothesis that the

distributions of the numbers of such reported cases are identical for all three

cities?

(b) Can you reject the null hypothesis of part (a) at the 1% level of significance?

(c) Comment on the results of parts (a) and (b).

[ 12 marks ]

5. Jadual berikut menyenaraikan bilangan kes-kes penipuan telemarketing dilaporkan

kepada pegawai-pegawai penguatkuasa undang-undang semasa beberapa minggu

yang dipilih secara rawak pada tahun 2002 bagi tiga bandar besar dengan

populasinya lebih kurang sama.

Bandar A Bandar B Bandar C

53 29 75

46 35 49

59 44 62

33 31 68

60 50 52

48

(a) Pada aras keertian 2.5%, bolehkah anda menolak hipotesis nol bahawa

taburan bagi bilangan kes yang dilaporkan adalah sama bagi ketiga-tiga

bandar tersebut?

(b) Bolehkah anda menolak hipotesis nol bagi bahagian (a) pada aras keertian

1%?

(c) Komen keputusan yang didapati di bahagian (a) dan (b).

[ 12 markah ]

…6/-

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[MAT 264]

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6. The following table is a list of home runs (denoted by x ) and runs batted in (denoted

by y ) as of July 1, 2005, by 10 players selected at random from a minor league

baseball team.

Player x y

1 10 49

2 7 38

3 13 54

4 2 20

5 8 41

6 4 27

7 16 62

8 11 40

9 5 22

10 4 19

(a) As home runs increase, runs batted in tend to increase. From this, do you expect

the value of the Spearman rho rank correlation to be positive or negative?

(b) Compute sr for the data.

(c) Conduct a test for positive rank correlation. Use = 0.025.

[ 12 marks ]

6. Jadual berikut adalah senarai larian keluarga (ditandakan dengan x ) dan larian

pukul besbol (ditandakan dengan y ) pada 1 Julai, 2005, sebanyak 10 pemain yang

dipilih secara rawak daripada pasukan besbol liga kecil.

Pemain x y

1 10 49

2 7 38

3 13 54

4 2 20

5 8 41

6 4 27

7 16 62

8 11 40

9 5 22

10 4 19

(a) Apabila larian keluarga meningkat, larian pukul besbol adalah cenderung

meningkat. Dengan ini, bolehkah anda menjangkaan nilai Spearman rho

korelasi berpangkat itu adalah positif atau negatif?

(b) Kirakan sr bagi data tersebut.

(c) Jalankan suatu ujian untuk korelasi berpangkat positif. Guna = 0.025.

[ 12 markah ]

…7/-

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[MAT 264]

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7. In one study, each of six farmers ranked the level of farm production constraint

imposed by five conditions: drought, pest damage, weed interference, farming costs,

and labor shortage. The results are listed in the table below. At 0.05 , conduct a

test to compare the farmer opinion distributions for the five conditions.

Farmer

Group

Drought Pest

Damage

Weed

interference

Farm

costs

Labor

shortage

1 5 4 3 2 1

2 5 3 4 1 2

3 3 5 4 2 1

4 5 4 1 2 3

5 4 5 3 2 1

6 5 4 3 2 1

[ 10 marks ]

7. Dalam suatu kajian, enam petani memberi tahap kedudukan bagi kekangan

pengeluaran ladang yang dikenakan oleh lima syarat: kemarau, kerosakan perosak,

gangguan rumpai, kos pertanian, dan kekurangan tenaga pekerja. Keputusan telah

disenaraikan dalam jadual di bawah. Pada 0.05 , jalankan satu ujian untuk

membandingkan taburan pendapat petani untuk lima syarat tersebut.

Petani

Kumpulan

kemarau kerosakan

perosak

gangguan

rumpai

kos

pertanian

kekurangan

tenaga pekerja

1 5 4 3 2 1

2 5 3 4 1 2

3 3 5 4 2 1

4 5 4 1 2 3

5 4 5 3 2 1

6 5 4 3 2 1

[ 10 markah ]

…8/-

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[MAT 264]

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8. The data shown below were reported by Neyman about European corn borers in

120 groups of eight hills each.

Numbers of borers Frequency

0 24

1 16

2 16

3 18

4 15

5 9

6 6

7 5

8 3

9 4

10 3

11 0

12 1

(a) Use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample test to test the null hypothesis

that the data are from a Poisson distribution.

(b) Perform the test of part (a) using the Chi-square test.

(c) Compare your conclusions from parts (a) and (b).

[ 14 marks ]

8. Data yang ditunjukkan di bawah telah dilaporkan oleh Neyman mengenai cacing

jagung Eropah di 120 kumpulan bagi setiap lapan bukit.

Bilangan cacing Kekerapan

0 24

1 16

2 16

3 18

4 15

5 9

6 6

7 5

8 3

9 4

10 3

11 0

12 1

…9/-

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[MAT 264]

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(a) Gunakan ujian Kolmogorov-Smirnov satu sampel untuk menguji hipotesis

nol bahawa data adalah daripada taburan Poisson.

(b) Laksanakan ujian pada bahagian (a) dengan menggunakan ujian Khi Kuasa

dua.

(c) Bandingkan kesimpulan anda di bahagian (a) dan (b).

[ 14 markah ]

…10/-

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[MAT 264]

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APPENDIX

1. Sign Test:

Small sample: X = Number of (+) signs [or (–) signs]

Large sample:

2

25.0

n

nkz

2. Wilcoxon Signed-rank:

Small sample: W = min ( )( , )( )

Large sample: W

WWZ

,

4

)1(

nnW ,

24

)12)(1(

nnnW

3. Mann-Whitney Test:

Small sample:

212

2112

1R

nnnnU

1

21212

2

1R

nnnnU

Large sample:

12

1

2

2121

21

nnnn

nnU

z

4. The Median Test:

1 2

1 2

1 1ˆ ˆ1

A Bn n

T

p pn n

5. Chi-square Test:

r

i

c

j ij

ijij

E

EO

1 1

2

2

6. Fisher’s Exact Test:

!!!!!

!!!!

22211211

2212222121111211

nnnnn

nnnnnnnnP

7. McNemar’s Test:

2112

2112

nn

nnz

8. Run Test:

…11/-

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[MAT 264]

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Large sample:

1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2 1 2

2

1 2 1 2

2 / 1

2 2

1

r n n n nz

n n n n n n

n n n n

9. Wald-Walfowitz Runs Test:

Large Sample:

1 2

1 2

1 2 1 2 1 2

2

1 2 1 2

21

2 2

1

n nr

n nz

n n n n n n

n n n n

10. Cox-Stuart Test:

X = Number of (+) signs [or (–) signs]

11. Kruskal-Wallis Test:

21

12

RRn

nnH jj

12. Friedman rF -Test:

2

1

12RR

kk

bF jr

13. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient:

16

12

2

nn

dr

s

14. Kendall’s Tau Test

ˆ

1 / 2

S

n n

15. Kolmogorov-Smirnov One-Sample Test:

sup | |ox

D S x F x

16. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two-Sample Test:

xSxSD 21max

…12/-

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LIST OF TABLES

1. Critical Values for the Sign Test

2. d-Factors for Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

3. Critical Values for Number of Runs Test

4. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tables

5. Quantiles of the Smirnov Test Statistic for Two Samples of Equal Size

6. Quantiles of the Smirnov Test Statistic for Two Samples of Different Size

7. Critical Values for the Spearman Rank Rho Correlation Coefficient Test

8. Upper Critical Values for Kendall’s Rank Correlation Coefficient

…13/-

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- ooo O ooo -