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MATERI GENETIK, ALUR INFORMASIGENETIK DAN EKSPRESI GEN
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THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THEGENETIC MATERIAL
The genetic material is consisted of :
Chromosomes
Genes
called as NUCLEOPROTEIN
reside along the chromosome
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KROMOSOM
Jumlah kromosom Setiap sel somatik mengandung satu set
kromosom yg diwariskan dr induk maternal(betina) dan satu set
kromosom pasangannya(kromosom homolog) dr induk paternal(jantan)
Set rangkap disebut DIPLOID (2n) gamet (1/2 dr sel somatis, HAPLOID
(n)
Jumlah kromosom Setiap sel somatik mengandung satu set
kromosom yg diwariskan dr induk maternal(betina) dan satu set
kromosom pasangannya(kromosom homolog) dr induk paternal(jantan)
Set rangkap disebut DIPLOID (2n) gamet (1/2 dr sel somatis, HAPLOID
(n)
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Chromosomes
The essential part of a chromosomeis a single very long strand
of DNA.This DNA contains all the geneticinformation for creating
and runningthe organism.
The DNA is supported and neatlypackaged by proteins bound to
it.At different times, these proteinscause the DNA to be spread out
likespaghetti in a bowl, or tightlycondensed into the
X-shapedchromosomes we can see in themicroscope.
Each chromosome has a centralconstricted region called
acentromere that serves as anattachment point for the machineryof
mitosis.
The essential part of a chromosomeis a single very long strand
of DNA.This DNA contains all the geneticinformation for creating
and runningthe organism.
The DNA is supported and neatlypackaged by proteins bound to
it.At different times, these proteinscause the DNA to be spread out
likespaghetti in a bowl, or tightlycondensed into the
X-shapedchromosomes we can see in themicroscope.
Each chromosome has a centralconstricted region called
acentromere that serves as anattachment point for the machineryof
mitosis.
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Morfologi Kromosom
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Chromosome in generalChromosome in general(size, shape and
number)(size, shape and number)
- Diploid organisms = 2n- Two copies of autosomes
with sex chromosomes- diploid organisms have two cell-types
somatic cells = bodys cellsgerm cells = gametes
- human bodies ~= 1014 cellsmany cell divisions =>
mitosis
- sexual reproductionrequire haploid (n) cells => meiosis
- Diploid organisms = 2n- Two copies of autosomes
with sex chromosomes- diploid organisms have two cell-types
somatic cells = bodys cellsgerm cells = gametes
- human bodies ~= 1014 cellsmany cell divisions =>
mitosis
- sexual reproductionrequire haploid (n) cells => meiosis
Human chromosomes =22 pairs of autosomes + sex chromosome (XX or
XY)
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Double helix DNA
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GENE EXPRESSION
DNA
RNA POPULATION
BIOSPHERIC PHENOTYPE
PROTEIN
CELL EFFECT TISSUE
ORGANISM
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DNA
DNA Replication
CENTRAL DOGMAFrancis Crick, 1958
DNA
RNA PROTEIN
Transcription
Translation
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TRANSCRIPTION
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REMOVALOF INTRONS
