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Materia Novum The Journal of Homoeopathy/Vol.-2 /Issue 1 /Jan. – March. 2018 1



Materia Novum: The Journal of Homoeopathy

RNI: #### Print ISSN: ####

Editor –in-Chief

Dr. F. F. Motiwala, MD (Hom)

Dr. Ajay Valke Dr. Sarang RahalkarDr. Dhanashree Kulkarni Dr. Shweta PatilDr. Gayatri Nimbhore Dr. Smitha NairDr. Khuzem Lokhandwala Dr. Subhash YadavDr. Mita Gharte Dr. Vaishali ZodgekarDr. Rita Kundu Dr. Varsha DharneDr. Ruta Patharkar Dr. Sachin BhaleraoDr. Virendra Jain Dr. Vishal Nimbhore

Peer Review Board

Dr. Gangaraju Prasad Dr. Swanand ShuklaDr. Kamlesh Bagmar Dr. Tapas KunduDr. Suhail Sheikh

Editorial Board

VOL. - 2 ISSUE-1 January – March 2018 RS. 40/-


Materia Novum: The Journal of HomoeopathyOfficial publication of Motiwala Homoeopathic Medical College

The JournalMateria Novum (print ISSN____________ E-ISSN_____________) is a peer reviewed open accessjournal published on behalf of Motiwala Homoeopathic Medical College, Nashik. This journalpublishes articles on the subject of Homoeopathy. The journal is published quarterly in the month ofJanuary, April, July, October.

Information for AuthorsAll manuscript should be submitted online at [email protected] for peer review.

Publisher’s & Printer’s addressMotiwala Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital and F. G. Motiwala P. G. Institute ofHomoeopathy and Research centre, Nashik.Motiwala Nagar, Gangapur- Satpur link road, Satpur, Nasik 422222.Phone No: 0253-2351693E-mail: [email protected]: www.mhmc.org.in

Editorial OfficeDr. F. F. MotiwalaMotiwala Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital andF. G. Motiwala P. G. Institute of Homoeopathy and Research centre, Nashik.Motiwala Nagar, Gangapur- Satpur link road, Satpur, Nasik 422222.Phone No: 0253-2351693E-mail: [email protected]: www.mhmc.org.in

General Information


Materia Novum: The Journal of Homoeopathy

Official publication of Motiwala Homoeopathic Medical College

Volume- 2 / Issue 1 / January –March 2018

Effectiveness of natrum muriaticum in treatment of gall stones -a case report.

Dr.G.B.Prasad ___________________________________________ 7

A case report of chronic low back pain

Tarika Vaidya (PG Scholar) ________________________________________ 11

A Case Study of Nocturnal Enuresis

Priya Mishra (P. G. Scholar) ________________________________________ 17

Sabadilla in acute allergic rhinitis

Mugdha S. Nakhare (P.G. Scholar) ___________________________________________ 19

A case study of chronic otitis media treated with homoeopathic SimillimumKiran Tidke (PG Scholar) __________________________________________________ 22

Miasmatic expression in LeucorrhoeaSonali Netawate (PG Scholar)________________________________________________ 26

The Homoeopathic Remedy Natrum Muriaticum: A Literature Review

Deepali Dudhare (PG Scholar) ______________________________________________ 28

Homoeopathy in gastritis

Mohit Jain (PG Scholar) ______________________________________________ 30

Principles of PrescribingRashmi Pimpalkar (PG Scholar) _______________________________________ 32

A case study of allergic rhinitis _______________________________________ 35

Monika Mandwade. (PG Scholar)

CONTENTS


Dear Friends,

Materia Novum desires to bring to its readers the personal experiences that our authors gainthrough their practice, the college, OPD as well as the learning gained through their day today discussion and experience.

Articles presented are the result of actual cases that the authors have come across and theresults/failures are put before the readers. The failures if any are of the practitioner and notthe science, as it is rightly said by the Father of our Nation –Mahatma Gandhi “….AHomoeopath can fail but Homoeopathy cannot fail.” Other topics taken are also of interestespecially GERD which has got varied complications from cough to ulcers.

Homoeopathy is growing as the faith of the common man is being strengthened by its result.

The direct collaboration of the Motiwala Homoeopathic Medical College with the apex bodyfor research that is the ‘Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy’. CCRH only goes onto testify the scientific work being done at this institute.

Once again we put before you readers the Materia Novum the endeavor of our Teachers, P.G.Scholars, Students and Supporting Staff.

Dr. F. F. MotiwalaEditor-In-Chief

Email:[email protected]

Editorial


Author:Dr. G.B.Prasad

Abstract: A female patient aged 58 years, came with a USG report with multiple gall stones. She

suffered an episode of pain abdomen in right Hypochondriac region. Her family physician suggested

USG of Abdomen, which revealed multiple gall stones with echogenic changes in gall bladder of the

patient. The author treated the patient on the basis of symptom similarity of the case to the

Homoeopathic Individualized medicine, Natrum muriaticum. During follow Up of the case it was

seen conclusively that the Homoeopathic remedy Natrum muriaticum is effective in reducing the

number of gall stones.

Key words: Gall stones, Ultrasonography, Natrum muriaticum.

A female patient, Mrs JP, aged 58 years, suffered with an episode of pain abdomen 8 days prior to

consultation. Pain was severe aching type in right hypochondrium region<sitting and > by lying

down. Her family physician suggested USG of Abdomen, which revealed multiple gall Stones. To

avoid surgery she came for Homeopathic treatment. On enquiry about her state of health before the

episode of pain abdomen she said that she used to suffer from acidity since 8 years, which is

aggravated by shortness of sleep and when she eats toordal. She is also suffering from Headache, one

sided either right or left since 8 years. The pain is throbbing type, associated with acidity. She takes

tab. Migranil for her headache. Appetite is decreased, Thirsty. No specific desires and aversions. She

is constipated with insufficient stools. Perspiration scanty and sleep is short with wakefulness.

She is a mild and cheerful lady, who is sensitive to rudeness and criticism. She doesn’t want to

bother others with her problems. She is hypertensive and is on anti hypertensive drugs. She had

suffered from left sided sciatica in the past (revealed during follow up). On further enquiry she told

that her husband expired about 8 years back. He was a railway employee and was a loving person.

She said: “we used to travel a lot together”. She has a son who got into railways after her husband’s

death while in service. Her son left home and was staying separately with his wife. She somehow

managed to convince her son, and daughter-in-law, who are now staying with her. According to her:

her Husband’s death left her alone and helpless. She expressed the fear of recurrence of pain.

Examination: Tenderness in right hypochondrium. Murphy’s sign Positive. B.P: 140/80 mm of Hg.

Investigation: conclusion of USG report is, multiple gall stones (largest 14mm)seen with partially

distended gall bladder and thick echogenic walls. No biliary obstruction.

Effectiveness of Natrum muriaticum in treatment of gall stones -a case report.


Repertorial Totality:

1. MIND - AILMENTS FROM – mortification

2. MIND - FORSAKEN feeling

3. MIND – MILDNESS

4. MIND - FEAR - pain - of the pain

5. MIND - REVERENCE for those around him

6. MIND - SENSITIVE - rudeness, to

7. STOMACH – THIRSTLESS

8. RECTUM - CONSTIPATION – insufficient

9. SLEEP - SHORT

10. ABDOMEN - PAIN - Hypochondria – right


Consdidering the Repertorial totality after consultation with Kent’s Materia Medica, Natrum Mur200 one dose of six pills of size 30 was prescribed on 16/02/2017.

Follow up 1: dated 27/02/2017: pain felt on 24/02/2017, intensity less, took Tab Cyclopam.

Headache better. No Acidity. Left Sciatica pain- unable to sit knees folded. Bowels regular

& Soft. Sac Lac prescribed

Follow Up 2: dated 09/03/2017: Had pain on 7/3/2017, which was of low intensity. No head

ache . No acidity. Sciatica pain better. Stools- Insufficient since last 7 days. USG done on

07/03/2017. USG conclusion: Large gall stone (14mm) seen. Minimal GB sludge/gravel seen

in GB neck.– Natrum Mur 200, 1 dose followed by Sac Lac for 1month.

Follow Up 3: dated 01/04/2017: H/o severe pain previous day. Tab.Cyclopam did not relieve.Now mild pain continuous < Sitting > Lying down, Headache left sided. Constipation.Natrum Mur 200 prescribed followed by Sac Lac for one week.


Follow Up 4: Dated 02/04/2017: Patient reported to have had pain abdomen and underwentcholecystectomy.

Discussion: Individualized Homoeopathic Medicine selected on the basis of symptomsimilarity to the case in discussion relieved the echogenic changes observed in the USGreport first mentioned. It also could reduce the number of gall stones and had converted thestones into gravel/sludge, except for the largest gall stone of 14mm size. The HomoeopathicMedicine could improve the general health of the patient by reducing the acidity andconstipation. It was also seen effective in reducing the sciatic pain which patient revealedduring follow up. At the time of second follow up, as the patient had constipation forpreceding seven days. Based on this Physical general symptom Natrum Mur 200 wasprescribed. Patient was reportedly asymptomatic for about three weeks. During third followup, considering recurrence of pain abdomen and its severity Natrum Mur 200 was prescribed,which could not relieve the pain, she was advised to go for ultrasonography of abdomen. Thepatient did not report back for further treatment, and is reported to undergo surgery forcholecystectomy.

Conclusion : from the case under discussion it is evident that the IndividualizedHomoepathic Medicine, Natrum Muriaticum when selected and prescribed on the basis ofthe symptom similarity is effective in reducing the inflammation of gall bladder, and also iseffective in reducing the number and size of the gall bladder stones.

***********************************************************


Tarika Vaidya (PG Scholar)

Abstract:“Chronic low back pain” signifies at least 12 week of pain in low back. About 80% of adultsexperience low back pain at some point in their life. It is the most common cause of job relateddisability and a leading contributor to missed work days. As part of the global burden of diseasestudy (GBD) 2010, the expert group showed that low back pain is among the top ten high burdendiseases and injuries, with an average number DALYs (disability-adjusted life years)higher thanHIV, road injuries, tuberculosis, lung cancer, COPD. In this study, we tried to explore the commonhomoeopathic medicine and its effects in cases of chronic low back pain. We hope our studyprovides the students and readers with the proper acknowledgement of chronic low back pain andhomoeopathic approach towards it.

Keywords:

Case study, Low Back pain, Homoeopathic Simillimum, Oswestry Low Back Pain DisabilityQuestionnarie.

Introduction:-

Low back pain (LBP) is a very common health problem and affects all ranges of the population.However, its burden is often considered trivial. Low back pain occurs in similar proportions in allcultures, interferes with quality of life and work performance, and is the most common reason formedical consultations. Few cases of back pain are due to specific causes; most cases are non-specific. Professionals who are exposed to vibrations, or long standing positions such as health-careworkers, occupational drivers, and construction workers are more prone to low back pain.[1]

Clinical Types: Back pain is classified into Acute(Less than Six weeks), Sub acute (six weeks totwelve weeks) and Chronic (More than 3 months).

Etiology: Low back pain can be due to a number of factors including: individual characteristics,

working conditions such as heavy physical work, awkward static and dynamic working postures,

as well as manual handling and lifting, lifestyle factors and psychological factors. [1]

A case Report to demonstrate the use of Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire-

Case No. - 757 MHMC (05/05/16)

A 20- year female came with a complaint of low back pain in Lumbar region since 4 months,which is aggravated on sitting for long time. Pain was tearing type in character. She was thermallyhot patient.On examination: Tenderness in lumbar region, movement of spine was painful on flexion and

extensionStraight leg raising test: Negative

Mental and emotional state:1) Irritation towards everything2) Wants to lie down when pain is extreme3) Anxious about future4) Sensitive to every little stimulus5) Wants to be alone - no desire for company

A Case Report Of Chronic Low Back Pain


6) Wants chocolate - even when crying

Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire:

Score 1st day of Follow ups 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

prescription

Questions

Section 1- Pain intensity

0 I have no pain at the moment √ √ √

1 The pain is very mild at the moment √

2 The pain is very moderate at the moment √

3 √ The pain is fairly sever at the moment

4 The pain is very sever at the moment

5 The pain is worst imaginable at the moment

Section 2-personal care (washing, dressingetc)

0 I can look after myself normally withoutcausing

√ √ √ √ √

extra pain.

1 √ I can look after myself normally but I causeextra pain

2 it is painful to look after myself and I amslow and careful

3 I need some help but I manage most of mypersonal care

4 I need help every day in most aspects ofself-care

5 I do not get dressed, I wash with difficultyand stay in bed

section 3- Lifting

0 I can lift heavy weight without extra pain √ √ √

1 √ I can lift heavy weight but it give extra pain √ √

2 pain prevents me from lifting heavy weightof the floor, but I can manage if they areconveniently placed eg. On table

3 pain prevent me from lifting heavy weightbut I can manage like to medium weight ifthey are conveniently positioned

4 I can lift very light weight

5 I cannot lift or carry anything at all

section 4- walking


0 Pain does not prevent me walking anydistance

√ √ √ √

1 √ Pain prevent me from walking more than 1mile

√

2 Pain prevent me from walking more thanhalf mile

3 Pain prevent me from walking more than100 yards

4 I can only walk using a stick or crutches

5 I am in bed most of the time

Section 5- Sitting

0 I can sit any chair as long as I like √

1 I can only sit in my favorite chair as long asI like

√ √ √

2 √ Pain prevents me sitting more than 1 hour √

3 Pain prevent me for sitting more than 3omin.

4 Pain prevent me for more sitting than 10min.

5 Pain prevent me from sitting at all

Section 6- Standing

0 I can stand as long as I want without extrapain

√ √

1 I can stand as long as I want but it give meextra pain

√ √ √

2 √ Pain prevent me from standing more than 1hour

3 Pain prevent me from standing more than30 min.

4 Pain prevent me from standing more than10 min

5 Pain prevent me from standing at all

Section 7- Sleeping

0 My sleep is never disturbed by pain √ √ √ √ √

1 √ My sleep is occasionally disturbed by pain

2 Because of pain I have less than 6 hoursleep

3 Because of pain I have less than 4 hoursleep

4 Because of pain I have less than 2 hour


sleep

5 Pain prevent me from sleeping at all

Section 8- Sex life (if applicable)

0 My sex life is normal and cause no extrapain

1 My sex life is normal and cause some extrapain

2 My sex life is nearly normal but it’s verypainful

3 My sex life is severely restricted by pain

4 My sex life is nearly absent because of pain

5 Pain prevent any sex life at all

Section 9- Social life

0 My social is normal and gives me no extrapain

√ √ √

1 √ My social life is normal but increases thedegree of

√ √

pain

2 Pain has no significant effect on my sociallife apart

from limiting my more energetic interest eg.Sports

3 Pain has restricted my social life and I donot go out as often

4 Pain has restricted my social life

5 I have no social life because of pain

Section 10- Travelling

0 I can travel anywhere without pain √ √

1 I can travel anywhere but it gives me extrapain

√ √

2 √ Pain is bad but I manage a journey over 2hour

√

3 Pain restrict me journey of 1 hour

4 Pain restrict me journey of 30 min.

5 Pain prevents me from travelling except toreceive treatment


Reportorial sheet:-

Total Score: 13 9 7 3 1 0

Date: 5/5/16 21/5/16 6/6/16 22/6/16 7/7/16 27/7/16

Follow-ups: On 1st

day1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

0% to 20%:minimaldisability:

20 15 6 2 0

21%-40%:moderatedisability:

28

41%-60%:severedisability:

61%-80%:crippled:

81%-100%:

Spastic


Follow up with date:-

On the basis of similar totality 5/05/16Causticum 200/ 3 doses/ 8 hourly X 1 dayPhytum 30/ tds/ 15 days

C/O backache reduced to 40%Tearing type of pain while sitting for longerperiod<sitting for longer time, >lying on bed or any typeof support

21/05/16Rubrum30/bd/7days

Cosmos 200/tds/7days

C/O pain in back reduced, tearing type of pain<sitting for a long time, >rest or lying down, bed

06/06/16Caust200/3dose/8hrlyRubrum30/bd/7days

Pain in back reduced, tearing type of pain 22/06/16SL30 stat 1 doseCos 3o/bd/15days

Pain in back is reduced 60% 07/07/16SL30 stat 1 doseCos 30/bd/7days

Pain in back is reduced 80% 27/07/16Cos 30 stat 1 doseSL 30/bd/7days

Conclusion and Discussion:- The similimum as per the totality of the symptoms was Causticum.Which has shown significant improvement. Here we have used Oswestry low back pain disabilityquestionnaire. Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire signifies 28% of disability indeximproved to to 0% disability which has high significance. So in case of low back pain we can useOswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire to evaluate the improvement in low back paindisability.

Reference:1. www.who.int/.../areas/.../BP6-24LBP.pdf. (Background paper 6.24 low back pain, WHO.)2. Manual on clinical surgery- S. Das :Chapter no. 19 examination of abnormalities of spine.3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswestry_Disability_Index4. Australian Physiotherapy, original article

Fairbank JC Pynsent PB. The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine 2000 Nov15;25(22):2940-52;discussion 52.

***************************************


Priya Mishra (P. G. Scholar)

Abstract:-

Enuresis is most common and difficult clinical problem in pediatric age group of 5-12 yrs. A case of8 year male patient presented with complaints of nocturnal enuresis since two years was treatedsuccessfully with Homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium Clavatum 200 which proved to be effectivein reducing the incontinence.

Keyword: Homoeopathic medicine, Lycopodium Clavatum, Nocturnal enuresis

Introduction: Enuresis or bed wetting is a disorder characterized by involuntary voiding of urineduring day or night in bed or cloth, after 5 yr of age.[1] It is an extremely common pediatrics problemwhich is often neglected by and has become potential caused of embarrassment as well as theparents. In allopathic school, they prescribe drugs such as tricyclics such as Amitriptyline,Impramine, less often Nortriptyline are also used but behavior disturbances may occur and relapseis common after withdrawal. Homoeopathic medicine is intended to cure the patient.

on emotional and spiritual levels and not just as suppression or relief of immediate symptoms.

Case history

A 8 years old male patient presented with complaints of bed wetting twice a week since two yearsassociated with fullness of abdomen and coldness of extremities.

Family history: no family history of Nocturnal EnuresisPast history:- no any history of major illness

Personal history:-Food:- Desire- sweet Aversion- breadThirst:- 4-5 glass/day Appetite:- AdequateSleep:- disturbed Dream:- do not rememberUrine:- 4-5 times/day and at night – twice a dayBowel habit:- regular Constitution:- lean thin, physically weak, emaciated.Thermal state:- Hot

Physical examination:-Built- lean thin Weight- 20 kgHeight- 130 cm Pulse- 82beats/minB.P- 100/80 mm of hg R.R- 20/minPallor- absent Cyanosis- absentLymph node- not enlarged Systemic examination:-CNS- conscious and well oriented CVS- S1S2 normalR/S- AEBE Clear P/A- Soft and non tender

Mind:Fear of being aloneAverse to undertaking new thingsFear of strangled

A Case Study of Nocturnal Enuresis


Repertorization:

Case was repertories on the following symptoms by using RADAR 10.5 (Schroyens F. synthesis 9.0)Lycopodium were the highest scoring remedy covering maximum rubrics shown in [figure1][2]

Prescription:

Lycopodium 200 one dose stat

Placebo 4 pills TDS for 15 days

Auxiliary treatment- avoids drinking water 1 hr before going to bed, emptying of bladder beforegoing to bed.

Follow up :- During the first follow-up the patient reported with bed wetting once in a week and noassociated complaints so placebo was continued for one month. In the second follow-up it was oncein two weeks hence placebo was continued for another one month. On subsequent three follow upswas taken monthly, no complaints of further bed wetting reported.

Discussion and conclusion :- the case highlighted the usefulness of Homoeopathic medicines inNocturnal Enuresis. Based on the totality of symptoms one dose of Lycopodium was prescribed

Reference:-

1. Kaplan Harold: Elimination disorders, Comprehensive text book of psychiatry. 5th ed.U.S.A: Wiliams &Wilkins, 1989. p. 1879 volume-2.

2. RADAR 10.5 ( Schroyens F. synthesis 9.0 )

***********************************************************************


Mugdha S. Nakhare (P.G. Scholar)

Abstract:

Allergic rhinitis is a type of inflammation of the nose which occurs when the immune systemover reacts to the allergens in the air. This may be presented with symptoms of sneezing and runningnose with itching in the nose, eyes, palate and pharynx. In allopathic system of medicine thetreatment for allergic rhinitis is antihistamines for treating allergy symptoms. These antihistaminescause drowsiness leading to inconvenience to the patients in their daily routine. Homoeopathy has asignificant role in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Homoeopathic medicine Sabadilla, when selectedon the basis of symptom similarity will help in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Sabadilla proves asan effective treatment in cases of allergic rhinitis.

Keywords: Acute allergic rhinitis, Homoeopathy, Sabadilla.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a disorder characterized by an inflammation of the nasal mucousmembranes caused by an IgE mediated response to external allergens. The inflammation may alsoinvolve the mucous membranes of the sinuses, eyes, middle ear, and pharynx. [1] Symptoms includesneezing, running or clogged nose, post nasal drip, rhinorrhoea, itching in eyes, nose and throat anddark circles around the eyes. [2]

If both parents are allergic, there is a high incidence of the disease occurring in children. Dust,pollens, animal odor, feathers, house, moulds, house dust and mites, changes in humidity andatmospheric pollution, cosmetics and powders and ingestants like eggs, cocoa, fish, citrus fruits,milk, fumes and smoke are the precipitating factors of allergic rhinitis.

The present treatment for allergic rhinitis is antihistamines, nasal corticosteroid sprays, nasaldecongestant sprays for reducing nasal stuffiness, Leukotriene inhibitors, allergy shots, Sublingualimmunotherapy treatment (SLIT).

Throughout the world, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis has slightly escalated. [3] It constitutesmore than 50% of all allergies in India. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the United States rangesfrom 3% to 19%, and 30-60 million people are affected each year. The development of allergicrhinitis before 20years of age occurs in 80% of cases. In 2012, 9% of children younger than 18 yearsand 7.5% of adults reported allergic rhinitis in past 12 months. Highest prevalence of severe allergicrhinitis symptoms in children were observed in Africa and Latin America. [4]

Types: 1) Seasonal: hay fever due to pollen grains occurs at the time of pollination.

2) Perennial: affects patient throughout the year. [5]

Pathology:

1. Infiltration with eosinophils and plasma cells occurs.2. Edema develops due to transudation of tissue fluids as the capillary endothelium is damaged,

and intercellular cement loosens.3. Rhinorrhoea: there is increase in mucosal secretions which may contain eosinophils.4. Congestion: dilatation of blood vessels occurs with venous stasis and purplish discoloration.5. Infection: may result in purulent discharge.6. Polyps may form.7. Para nasal sinuses: pseudo cysts may form due to distension of intracellular spaces in the sub

mucosa.[5]

Sabadilla in acute allergic rhinitis


Case Report: A male patient aged 15yrs came with complain of sneezing due to the smell ofperfumes, coryza, watery acrid discharge from nose, redness of eyes along with itching, sensitivity toweather changes and exposure to cold air which he has suffered with for 2 years. This was associatedwith feverish feeling, headache and weakness. H/o taking allopathic medicines which gave himpartial relief.

LOCATION SENSATION MODALITY CONCOMITANT

Nose Sneezing, watery acrid discharge < smell of perfumes Headache

Redness of eyes with itching < weather change

< exposure to cold air

Past history: H/o similar episode 10 days back.

Family history: Both mother and father healthy.

Personal history:

Appetite: 2 chapattis, sabzi, dal rice. Craving: sweets

Aversion: nothing specific

Thirst: Thirst less only during coryza. Otherwise thirst is normal; 2 liters/day.

Urine: 4-5 times/ day, pale yellow, no itching or staining.

Bowels: once a day, soft stools, no straining.

Perspiration: only in axilla; on exertion Thermals: Chilly

Mind: His mother said he is very timid and gets frightened easily. She said he lacks the courage totalk to unknown people.

General examination:

Temperature: 98.60 F Pulse: 90 beat per minute

B.P: 120/70 mm of Hg R.R: 18/min

Local examination: - nasal turbinate’s swollen.

-Darrier’s line present.

-Redness of nose.

Systemic examination:

C.N.S: conscious and oriented C.V.S: S1S2 normal

R.S: AEBE clear

Reportorial totality:

1) Mind-timidity2) Mind-frightened easily3) Nose-itching4) Nose-sneezing-odors-from5) Nose-sneezing-violent


6) Nose-obstruction-accompanied by-sneezing7) Stomach-thirst less-coryza-during8) Generalities- Food and drinks- sweets- desire

Repertorization:

From the above totality and symptom similarity Sabadilla 200 was prescribed along with S.L. for 7days.The patient reported back after 7 days with much relief. No complaints.Sabadilla: Spasmodic sneezing, hay fever, fluent coryza, influenza, hay fever. One or other nostrilstuffed up, inspiration through nose labored, snoring. Itching in nose, agreeable titillation in alae.Lachrymation when walking in open air, on looking at light, sneezing, coughing or yawning. [6]

Sabadilla is useful in persistent violent or abortive sneezing. Itching, tickling rubs or picks at it. Nosedry. Tickling in nose spreads over the whole body then dyspnoea. Hay fever. Influenza. Sensitivesmell, one or the other nostril stuffed up. Fluent coryza. Discharge is worse from the odor of flowers;even thinking of flowers increases the discharge. Cannot tolerate the smell of garlic. Stubborn,lingering coryza. Hawks bright red blood from naso pharynx. Eyelids red, burning. Lachrymation <during pain, sneezing, coughing, yawning, when walking in open air, during chill. [7]

Conclusion: Sabadilla relieved the patient of itching in the nose, violent sneezing, thus rendering asense of well being to the patient. Sabadilla played a key role in allergic rhinitis without any sideeffects to the patients such as drowsiness. Thus we can say that Sabadilla is Homoeopathic anti-histamine.

References:

1) http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/codes/J00-J99/J30-J39/J30-/J30.92) www.icd9data.com/2015/volume1/460-478/477/477.htm3) Dhingra D L: Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat. Fourth edition: 2007. page1574) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/134825-overview5) Bhargava K.B Bhargava S.K Shah T.M: A Short Textbook of E.N.T Diseases. Usha

Publications, Mumbai. Sixth edition: 2002. page154.6) Hering C: Condensed Materia Medica. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. Edition 1993.

page818.Phatak S.R. Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines. B.Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.Second revised & enlarged edition:1999. Page 610.


Kiran Tidke (PG scholar)Abstract:Otitis Media is the inflammation of middle ear cleft. Otitis Media is not only the most commonbacterial infection in children, but also a leading cause of hearing loss in children. A 23 years oldpatient presented with the symptoms of yellowish, offensive, bloody discharge from right ear on andoff with itching was treated successfully with Homoeopathic medicine Pulsatilla 200 which provedto be effective in chronic Otitis Media.

Keywords: Homoeopathic medicines, Otitis Media, Pulsatilla

Introduction: Otitis Media represents an inflammatory condition of the middle ear. Factors believedto affect the occurrence of Otitis Media include age, gender, race, genetic background,socioeconomic status, type of milk or formula used in infant feeding, presence or absence ofrespiratory allergy, season of the year, pneumococcal vaccination status. Children with certain typesof congenital craniofacial anomalies are particularly prone to Otitis Media.

The peak incidence and prevalence is from 6-20 months of age. The incidence of Otitis Media isgreater in boys than in girls. Otitis Media is second in prevalence only to the common cold. Theprevalence rate of acute Otitis Media in India is around 17-20% & Chronic Otitis Media is 7.8%.[1]

Classification of Otitis Media:-

1. Acute Suppurative Otitis Media – It clinically presents as tense and hyperemic tympanicmembrane along with pain and tenderness and sometimes mastoiditis.

2. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media – It manifests clinically as draining ear with perforatedtympanic membrane and partially impaired hearing.

The most common organisms are streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenza, pneumococcal andstaphylococcus aures. Chronic Otitis Media is the chronic inflammation of the middle ear andmastoid cavity, which presents with recurrent or persistent ear discharges (otorrhoea) for 2 to 6weeks. The common causes of chronic Otitis Media are multiple episodes of acute Otitis Media,unhygienic conditions, low socioeconomic status. The common clinical features are ear discharge,hearing loss, earache, tinnitus, vertigo. Treatment includes use of antibiotics, nasal decongestantdrops to improve drainage of middle ear through the Eustachian tube and analgesics to relieve painand ear drops are also used.[2] Modern medicine provides a temporary relief and suppresses theproblem.

Remedies for treatment of chronic Otitis Media includes Calcarea Carb, lycopodium, Pulsatilla,Silicea, Calcarea Ostrearum, Kali-Bich, Tellurium, Mercurius Solubilis, Hepar Sulph, Sulphur.[3]

Case Report:A 23years male patient came on 15/09/2017 with complaints of:-

Presenting complaints:

Presenting complaints Location Sensation Modalities Concomitants

Pain and yellowish,offensive and occasionalbloody discharge from rightear on and off. Since 4 years.[But increased since 3months]

Rightear

Itchingover theright ear

Aggravation by- coldfood and drinks, icecream. Ameliorationby- cotton plug in ear.

Mild difficultyin hearing.

A case study of chronic otitis media treated with Homoeopathicsimillimum


Past history:Other mode of treatment taken for same ailments and then discharges stops since last 2 years,butsame episode has occurred two times in a month.

Family history:Mother – Hypertension. Father – Apparently healthy.

Personal history:Desires: sweets. Aversion: ghee.

Appetite: adequate. Thirst: 4 to 5 glass/ day.

Urine: 4 to 5 times/ day. Stool: once/ day.

Allergies: not specific. Dreams: not specific.

Sleep: sound. Constitution: well built. Wheatish Complexion.

Thermal state: Hot

Physical examination:Pulse: 76/min. B.P.: 120/70mm of Hg

No pallor.

Systemic examination:Respiratory system: Air entry bilaterally equal. Central nervous system: conscious and well oriented.

Cardio vascular system: S1 S2 normal. P/A: soft and non- tender.

Local examination:Right ear – yellowish, watery, offensive discharge. Left ear – wax.

Hearing test: 1.Rinne test – positive (air conduction is greater than bone conduction).

2. Weber test – sound is heard when tunning fork is placed in midline.

Visual Analogue Scale: 8

Mental state:-The patient was having financial tension. He wants to do education in technical line but due tomoney problem he did graduation.-Anxiety about what will happen in future.

-Still he is unable to decide whether to stay in same job or should change.

-Care, feeling and love for others.

Summer Winter RainyCovering Fan Bathing Luke

warmLukewarm

Lukewarm

Tolerance Cold Cold Cold


Analysis:Presentingcomplaints

Location Sensation Modalities Concomitants Classificationof symptoms

Pain anddischarge fromright ear on andoff

Right ear Itching overthe right ear

<- cold foodand drinks,ice cream.

>- cotton plugin ear.

Mild difficultyin hearing inright ear

completeparticularsymptom

Dischargeyellowish,offensive,bloody

Right ear Incompleteparticularsymptom

Desire sweets Physical generalsymptom

Aversion ghee Physical generalsymptom

Thermals Hot Physical generalsymptom

Financial tension Mental generalsymptom

Irresolution Mental generalsymptom

Affectionate Mental generalsymptom

Evaluation:-Financial tension. -Irresolution.

-Affectionate. -Desire sweets.

-Aversion ghee. -Thermals Hot.

-Pain and discharge from right ear on and off. Aggravation - cold food and drinks.

-Discharge yellowish, offensive, bloody. - Itching.

Final Diagnosis:Chronic otitis media.

Case was repertoried on the following symptoms by using RADAR 10. (Schroyens F. synthesis 9.0).

Repertorization:

Prescription:

Pulsatill


a 200 x 3 doses x 8 hourly Sac Lac 30 x TDS x 15 days.

Follow up: 1/10/2017-Pain and discharges from right ear decreased than before.

-Bloody discharge from right ear decreased in last 15 days.

-But complaints aggravates after taking cold.

-Now no itching over the right ear.

-Difficulty in hearing decreased.


Prescription: Sac lac single dose Sac Lac 30 x TDS x 15 days

Follow up: 16/10/2017-Pain and discharge from right ear decreased.

-No bloody discharge from right ear. - No itching over the right ear.

-No difficulty in hearing. - Complaints are better now.

-No new complaints.


Conclusion:1. As per the visual analogue scale study, the intensity of pain has reduced.

2. The frequency of disease before treatment 2 times in a month has reduced to 0 per month for twoconsecutive months.

3. Thus, from above study researcher has concluded that after administration of homoeopathicsimillimum the condition under study, that is chronic Otitis Media improved substantially.

4. Researcher is still observing the case for any recurrence.

Discussion:1. Homoeopathic medicines like Pulsatilla, Merc Sol, Calcarea Carb, Silicea, Sulphur, Graphites, andHepar Sulph are usually found on Repertorization.

2. After reportorial study the knowledge of Materia medica, therapeutics, guides us to reach up toHomoeopathic simillimum medicines.

3. In the Otitis Media like conditions conventional conservative medicines have limited role andsurgical treatment doesn’t assure the permanent cure.References:1) Mohan Bansal. Essentials of Ear, Nose and Throat. 1st edition. New Delhi: The Health sciencespublisher; 2016. p. 101.

2) Harsh Mohan. Textbook of Pathology. 6th edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers(P) ltd; 2010. p. 514.

3) Boericke. W. Pocket Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica and Repertory. Rep. ed. NewDelhi: B Jain Publishers: 1998.

4) Radar 10.5 (Schroyens F. synthesis 9.0). ****************************


Sonali Netawate (PG Scholar)

Abstract:

Leucorrhea is a thick whitish, yellowish or greenish discharge from the vagina of the female that maybe normal or that may be a sign of infection. It is mucus discharge which represents desquamation ofvaginal epithelial cell because of the effects of the Estrogen on the vaginal mucosa. It is important todistinguish leucorrhoea from pathological discharge. A study aimed to the females presentingleucorrhoea is more likely to be normal or infectious. Homoeopathy has a significant role intreatment of leucorrhoea.

Keywords: Desquamation, Leucorrhoea, Miasm.

Introduction:Leucorrhoea literally means–something white running or flowing down. Flow of white or yellowish

white discharge from the vagina of a female can be normal or it can be a sign of underlying infection.Hence It is important to distinguish between the two .The total health building scheme is essential forthe removal of systemic toxicity which is responsible for the e leucorrhoea. The study aimed toexamine whether the woman presenting with a primary complaint of vaginal discharge is more likelyto be normal or infectious. Leucorrhoea is also very likely to be dysfunctional, in that in many casesit is not a true vaginal discharge but an increase in vaginal secretion. It is a symptom not a disease.Though the symptom may arise from a variety of constitutional or systemic conditions, it has itsorigin, in most instances, in some lesions of the reproductive organ. The vaginal discharge might bewith no accompanying symptoms OR vaginal discharge may accompanied with symptoms likepelvic pain, irritation during urination, or passing of blood with urine, backache, pain in thighs & calfmuscles. In Homoeopathy we believe that miasm is the cause of all chronic diseases so that theremedy chosen matches the underlying miasm. Dr. Hahnemann says in chronic diseases that we needto use anti-miasmatic remedies in order to cure chronic diseases.Leucorrhoea is a thick white or yellowish -white discharge from the vagina. It is associated withvulval itching. The symptom of excessive is subject one with individual variations. An increase inthe amount of normal vaginal secretion is termed as Leucorrhoea .Any non-bloody {excluding urineand stool}, non –irritant discharge per vagina severe enough to stain the under garments is calledLeucorrhoea. [1]

“MIASMA” is a Greek word. It means stain, pollution, defilement. According to Hahnemann miasmmeans germ of disease. [2] This source or germ of suffering and death is positive, demonstrable &perfectly recognizable. [3]

1] Psoric leucorrhoea: Psora is not only the mother of all diseases, but it is the psoric element whichgives the valuable concomitant symptom and furnishes the modalities and sensations which are trueexpressions of their sufferings. The psoric patients suffer considerable, probably much more than inthe other stigmata, and with less apparent cause.Character of discharge: Thin, moderately thick; whitish albuminious; odorless; usually watery; blandscanty. Leucorrhoea scanty, not exhausting, nothing peculiar about color.Reaction: Neutral Quantity: Profuse

2]Sycotic leucorrhea: Acrid leucorrhoea which weakens the patient, smells like fish brine.[5]

Mental weakness during leucorrhoea.Character of discharge: Leucorrhoea thin looks like dirty green water, sometimes greenish yellow:scanty, acrid, producing biting or itching and burning of parts. Patient taking douches on account ofodor and acridity of discharge.Reaction: Alkaline

Miasmatic expression in Leucorrhoea


Quantity: Scanty, thin & stringy, not easily washed off.3]Syphilitic leucorrhoea:Character of discharge: Greasy in consistency; brownish white in color, offensive bland or acridproducing ulcers, fish brine.[6]

Reaction: Acidic, excoriating with soreness, staining, erodes the linen.Quantity: CopiousHomoeopathic Management:- Remedies for the treatment of leucorrhoea includes-Psoric leucorrhoea1.Alumina- leucorrhoea is profuse transparent and acrid and running down to the heels; more duringday and better by cold bathing. Patient is exhausted after leucorrhoea and menses. Leucorrhoea withconstipation and anemia.2.Borax- Albuminious, starchy, very much hot as if warm water was flowing. Very much acridleucorrhoea, lasting two weeks. Leucorrhoea white as mucus or like white of an egg.3.Hydrastis Canadensis- There is thick yellowish ropy, stringy and viscid leucorrhoea, hanging fromthe os, in long strings. There is chronic catarrhal condition of the vulva. Leucorrhoea is worse aftermenses. It is offensive, acrid and excoriating. Excoriation and erosion of the cervix. Burning pain invagina with soreness.Sycotic Leucorrhoea1.Bovista-It has pronounced leucorrhoea. Leucorrhoea ten days after menses. Very much acrid,thick, stringy, tenacious, the discharge may be like white of an egg or yellowish, green with sorenessof vulva.2.Sepia-Yellowish, greenish with mucus itching, acrid leucorrhoea before menses causes soreness ofpudenda.3.Pulsatilla-Leucorrhoea milky white with swollen vulva .Acrid burning and painless or with cuttingpain in abdomen. While all the discharges are bland, leucorrhoea is acrid, excoriating and corrodesthe vulva.Syphilitic Leucorrhoea1.Syphilinum-Yellow offensive leucorrhoea, very much offensive and profuse. It daily soaks throughnapkin with pain across the small of the back.2.Ambra Grisea- Discharge of profuse, thick bluish white mucus especially or only at night, oftenassociated with nymphomania.3.Ammonium Muriaticum- Leucorrhoea is like white of an egg, preceded by gripping pain about thenavel. There is also painless discharge of brown, slimy, mucus especially after every urination.Conclusion-Leucorrhoea is a very common and most prevalent disease amongst the females. Itrelates more to the lifestyle and personal cleanliness & habits of the individual. Leucorrhoea due tospecific or non- specific vaginitis is common in females especially in reproductive age. With the helpof miasm we can cure the leucorrhoea.References:-

1. Balaram Jana: Textbook of Gynecology & Obstetrics,1st edition 1988 reprint 1994,printedby j. j. offset, p 69,70,71,

2. Choudhary Harimohan: Indications of Miasm 2nd edition 2005,B.jainpublishers(p)ltd.1921,chuna mandli,st.10th,paharganj,new delhi-110005 .p.3&4

3. Proseco Sanche Ortega: Notes on the Miasm or Hahnemann’s chronic Miasm. published bynational homoeopathic pharmacy .1,hanuman road, New Delhi 1100019(INDIA) under thesupervision of Dr. Diwan Harish Chand & Dr. diwan Vijay Chand, English translated byDr. Harris Counter, first English edition 1980,p.04

4. Phyllis Speight: A comparison of the Chronic Miasm, [Psora, paseudo-psora, syphilis,sycosis] with a foreword by Oel Puddepatt. p.72.

5. Subrata Kumar Banerjee: Miasmatic Diagnosis , B .Jain publishers ( P) LTD ,new Delhi110 055 p.37

6. H. A. Robert: The Principles and Art of Cure by Homoeopathy edition-August 2002, B. Jain.Publishers (p) ltd.1921 street no.10, Chuna Mandai. Paharganj. New Delhi 110 055(India)p.183,184,189,190,191,192,231,232,235,237 ****************************************


Deepali Dudhare (PG Scholar)AbstractDepression cuts us out of social life. It deprives us of opportunities to participate actively inanything we’re doing. Depression literally ties man to bed. Conventional treatment of Depressionmay lead to addiction to anti-depressants and tranquillizers. This essay is a very simple introductionto the use of homoeopathic medicine for psychological disorders and is written to show that therereally is another choice than an addiction to anti-depressants and tranquillizers and a genuinely betterway for people who want to avoid them. Homoeopathic Medicines successfully treat negative statesof mind such as depression, fear, anxiety, shock, panic attacks, phobias and anticipatoryanxiety.1This article is a review of literature of Natrum Muriaticum in relation to depressive states ofthe mind.Keywords: Homoeopathy, Natrum muriaticum, Tranquilizers.Introduction:The concept of individualization takes into consideration total response of the organism to theunfavorable environment seen through signs and symptoms of three planes: Emotional, Intellectualand Physical where the life force manifested itself. It has profound impact on human mind in society.a large number of patients is suffering from psycho-somatic illness due to anxiety, grief, and worry,vexation etc.2 .Natrum Muriaticum is a deep and long acting remedy. It takes a wonderful hold of theeconomy, making changes that are lasting when given in potentized doses.3

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person’s thoughts,behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being. A depressed mood is a normal temporary reaction to lifeevents such as a loss of loved one. It is also a symptom of some physical disease and a side effect ofsome drugs and medical treatments. In the human frame, the basic quality of a Natrum is a strongdesire for a relationship. This need of Natrum patient is to be balanced by the quality of expectations,disappointment and rejection of being able to break off the relation. This quality comes from themuriaticum element .Thus Natrum Muriaticum is understandably a very basic salt, for it representsman’s need to form relationship and at the same time, the ability to withstand rejection.4 Natrum Muris indicated in psychic causes of disease; ill effects of grief, fright, anger, etc. In depressed patients,particularly in chronic diseases there is in fact, along chain of mental symptoms such as hystericalcondition of the mind and body; sadness, weeping alternative with laughing; brooding etc. Usuallypeople who need this remedy will report that they’re never well since a grief, tragedy ordisappointment or any sort.5 They are very sensitive, very vulnerable. Much has been taken awayfrom them already and they have hardly got anything left. They are constantly walking around withthe feeling that the rest will probably be taken away from them too. That is why they are easilyfrightened, all unexpected thing could hurt them even more.6

As mentioned before, Natrum Muriaticum is usually indicated by the fact that they built anemotional wall to keep themselves safe from emotional disappointment such as a brokenrelationship. They cut themselves off from company and would prefer to stay alone and brood overthe past disagreeable incidences. Other notable personality aspect is that Natrum Muriaticums aregenerally quiet responsible and perfectionist, because they need to keep things together. Mentallythey have a high degree of objectivity and awareness, as well as a great sense of responsibility. Forthis reason, they are likely to be the sympathetic ear to which others turn when distressed .Theemotional sensitivity and the sense of responsibility readily lead such people into fields of ounseling,psychotherapy, the ministry etc. While listening sympathetically to someone else’s suffering, suchpeople maintain their objectivity and appear to be very strong. They internally absorb the pain ofothers, however, and they dwell on it later; particularly they wonder “How would I react in such asituation? Would I be able to take it. ”They are so sensitive that they feel hurt by the slightestcomment or gesture that they might imply ridicule or rejection. Natrum Muriaticum adolescents, forexample are reluctant to date, for fear of rejection. Even imagined slights can cause suffering. Afterbeing hurt several times, they learn to become cautious. They will think twice before becoming

The Homoeopathic remedy Natrum muriaticum: A Literature Review

A Homeopathic Perspective on Pre- and Post-surgicalTreatment


involved in an emotional experience. They turn to introverted activities which are emotionally“safe’’ i.e. reading books, listening to music, dwelling on ideas and fantasies. They can become quitecontent in their isolation. They tend to be self-contained, desiring to solve problems by themselveswithout trusting help from other people. Their primary concern in life becomes, “not to hurt and notto be hurt”.6 The issue of emotional pain, in them or in others, would be the end of the world forthem, they are completely incapable of knowingly inflicting pain on others. For this reason, theybecome very serious. They cannot make jokes that might inadvertently ridicule someone else. Theymay appear cold and overly objective to others because they are so intent on not revealing their ownemotional vulnerability or creating injury to others. This combine with the Natrum Muriaticum senseof responsibility, results in guilt being a strong motivating factor in the lives of such people.‘’ Fallsin love with the wrong person, and breaks her heart. Is absurdly obsessed by a foolish passion for amarried man- falls in love with the coachman, and Natrum muriaticum. brings order and sanity.”7

Pathogenesis:Natrum muriaticum was reproved by Austrian physicians. Some of them died from their effect oftheir proving. One of them, when he published his proving about Natrum Muriaticum said that thehigher potencies of the drug produced the most symptoms which were more valuable than thoseproduced by low. Natrum Muriaticum enters into every tissue of the body. Even into the enamel ofthe teeth. It exists in quiet considerable quantities in the various humors of the eyes. Virchow in hispathology quotes an authority who gave chloride of sodium to dogs until he produced opacity of thecrystalline lenses. Hence, cataract may be produced by Natrum mur , Sodium chloride in thestomach stimulates digestion in various ways. Firstly, it improves the flavor of the food salt acts onthe stomach itself by favoring the secretion of gastric juice.

Schussler argues that salt is excreted through the mucus. Therefore he says that as salt has afunction here must be the remedy for all catarrhs. It also act upon the sebaceous glands and as aresult the skin become oily in appearance particularly face and skull.8

Role of Natrum Muriaticum:Natrum Muriaticum (Sodium Chloride) is an important constituent of human body fluids the majorphysiological function are maintaining fluid balance generation electrical impulse in nerve andmuscles and in generating gradients across cells to enable update of nutrients.Moreover when potentised, sodium chloride can be a very useful medicine for many acute andchronic diseases. It has profound impact on human mind in society.9

Conclusion:The general concept in Homeopathy towards treatment of sick is to treat the patient not the disease.In Homeopathy, the most appropriate treatment protocol is based on the principle Similia,pathogenesis and clinical picture of Natrum Muriaticum brings it out as one of the most prominentremedy in depression.References:1)https://hpathy.com2) Dhawale M. L. - Principal and Practice of Homeopathy, Part 1, 3rd Reprint Edition 2004, P. No. 33) Kent J.T. - Lectures on Homeopathic Materia Medica, Reprint edition 2005 B Jain Publishers,New Delhi,P. No.7664) Mondal T.C. Homoeopathic Materia Medica, Volume 1 ,Second Edition:2005,Arunabha SenBooks and Allied (P) LTD ,P. No. 5285) George Vithoulkas - Essence of Materia Medica, Second Edition 1990, B. Jain Publishers NewDelhi, P. No.130-131.6) Scholtan J. Homoeopathy and Minerals. Reprint 2007 Indian Books and PeriodicalsPublishers.New Delhi, P. No. 347) Tyler M. L. Homoeopathic Drug Pictures Reprint Edition June 2013, Indian Books AndPeriodical Syndicate, New Delhi, P. No 5708) Farrington E. A. – A Clinical Materia Medica, Reprint Edition July 2013, Indian Books &Periodicals Publishers, New Delhi, P. No. 696-697. ******************************9) http://www.homeobook.com *********************************


Mohit Jain (P.G. Scholar)

Abstract

Gastritis is acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach and is most often diffuse, mostly caused byHelicobacter pylori and bile reflux. It is the commonest disorder encountered in the clinical practice.Change in dietary habits – like having irregular meals, fast foods, addictions like smoking andalcohol also play major role. Although not life threatening as other major illness, the symptoms canbe distressing and can cause discomfort to enjoy normal life and drain the mental and physicalenergy. If gastritis is not treated earlier the complications are grave like peptic ulcer, pyloric stenosisand subsequent perforation. Homoeopathy plays a major role in treating gastritis. Homeopathy isvery effective in managing all the acute as well as chronic expressions of gastritis; it also plays animportant role in prevention of relapse of the condition.

Keywords: Gastritis, Homoeopathy

Introduction: Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach. It canoccur suddenly (acute) or gradually(chronic).[1] Gastritis can be caused by irritation due to excessivealcohol use, chronic vomiting, stress, or the use of certain medications such as aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs. It may also be caused by any of the following:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): A bacteria that lives in the mucous lining of the stomach. Pernicious anemia. Bile reflux.

Infections caused by bacteria.2

Pathology: The mucosal injury and subsequent acute inflammation occurs by reducedblood flow, resulting in mucosal hypo-perfusion due to ischemia. Increased acid secretionand its accumulation due to H. pylori infection resulting in damage to epithelial barrier.Decreased production of bicarbonate buffer. Reflux of duodenal contents into thestomach.3

Clinical classification of gastritis:

A. Acute gastritis: It refers to short term inflammation and to neutrophillic infiltrate. It ismainly due to stress.

B. Chronic gastritis: It refers to longstanding forms and to mononuclear cell infiltratesespecially lymphocytes and macrophages.

Common gastritis: It is mainly due to helicobacter pylori and bile reflux.4

Some of the Non Gastro Intestinal associated disorders which induce gastritis or inflammation ofgastric mucosa are coronary heart disease, Rosacea, iron deficiency and anorexia in aging.5

Clinical features: The most common symptoms include : nausea or recurrent upset stomach,anorexia, abdominal bloating, abdominal discomfort, pain, vomiting, indigestion, burning orgnawing feeling in the stomach between meals or at night, hiccoughs, loss of appetite, vomitingblood or coffee ground-like material and black tarry stools.6

Complications: They are infrequent but may include ulcer, polyps, benign and malignant tumorsand cancer.7

Homoeopathy In Gastritis



Diagnosis: To diagnose gastritis, we have to review the personal and family medical history of thepatient and after performing a thorough physical evaluation, any of the following tests may berecommended

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. CBC. Tissue Biopsy. Fecal occult blood test.8

Homoeopathic approach:

Nux vomica: Heart burn with flatulence, nausea and vomiting in the morning, he feels if ‘I couldonly vomit, I would be so much better.’ alternating constipation and diarrhoea. Nux vomica isindicated in cases of chronic gastritis which is caused by tobacco, alcoholic stimulants, aromatic orpatent medicines, sedentary habits, highly spiced food. Contractive, squeezing and stomach ache.

Lycopodium: It has pain in the pit of the stomach when the hypochondria are pressed and pain inhypochondria when stomach is pressed. There is fullness even after light meal with no intestinalirritation. Offensive discharges. Characteristic of Lycopodium is the patient goes to meal with avigorous appetite, but after eating a small quantity of food he feels so full and bloated that he has toforce himself to swallow another mouthful and leaves the table with his hunger, only momentarilysatisfied.

Phosphorous: Gastritis with chronic erosion. Burning, gnawing circumscribed pain. The all gonefeeling at 11a.m. starting from stomach to bowel.

Arsenicum album: Burning pain in stomach like FIRE, as if hot coals were applied to part, better byhot application, hot drinks. nausea, retching, and vomiting of slimy mucous tingled with blood.

Veratrum album: Hiccoughs after hot drinks. Forcible eructation mostly of air. After frequenteructation copious ejection of mucous. Colicky pain with salivation, profuse cold perspiration.

Conclusion:

Homoeopathy has a holistic approach, Gastritis is related to stress where Homoeopathy plays avery good role in managing it, it will also help to reduce the nausea, burning, belching and symptomsassociated with the illness.

References:

1) http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritis.2) Kumar P, Clark M. Clinical Medicine. 7th ed. London: Elsevier publishers; 2009. p. 262.3) Harsh Mohan. Text book of Pathology. 6th ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; NewDelhi 2010. p.547.4) Haslett D.L. Principles and Practice of Medicine. 20th ed. London; Churchill Livingstonepublishers; 2002. p. 884-885.5) Valle J.D. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. USA: Mc Graw Hill publishers;2008. p. 1870.6) Das P.C, Das PK. Text book of Medicine 5th ed. Current books international publishers; 2010. p.170.7) http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gastritis.8) https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/fecal-occult-blood-test.html


Rashmi C. Pimpalkar (PG Scholar)

Abstract: The general concept in Homeopathy towards treatment of the sick is Treat the patientnot the disease. On a superficial sense, this may be preposterous, but in a deeper sense it conveys itsholistic concepts towards the patient. A patient with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and COPD mayexpress multitude of symptoms common to each of these diseases. Based on the clinical findings anddiagnostic evidences, he is considered as a patient of hypertension, diabetes and COPD. Such aconcept necessitates different prescriptions to balance the patho- physiological changes in thepatient’s health. Whether the patient is lean or obese, irritable or gentle does not matter in selectionof remedies. Even the patient is not personally present for consultation; the medicines can beprescribed merely based on the diagnostic evidences. Most of these prescriptions shall give relief tothe suffering.

Keywords: Prescribing, Susceptibility, Keynote, Constitutional, Miasmatic, Palliative.

Introduction: Treat the patient not the disease concept of homeopathy explains that the patientsuffering from one or many diseases is an individual whose health has got deranged due to multitudeof factors. This external factor (meturic and telluric) influence the susceptibility of the individual andderanges the weaker parts of the human economy. This brings changes in the patho- physiologicalframe of the individual and thus the healthy person become sick. In short, homeopathy believes thatthe hypertension, diabetes and COPD are the result of the derangement of the human economy (lifeforce). The susceptibility of the individual depends on his genomic states (constitution), lifestyle,living conditions, habits, past history, family history and so on. This explains rationally, why certainpeople fall sick on similar situations and certain people escape from the diseases in spite ofreasonable exposure to similar situations. This also explains why the expressions of the same diseasediffer in different people (individuality).1

Symptoms are the language of the disease - the body’s attempt to warn about the internalderangement of the person. Without symptoms, a person could not have illness. The symptom maybe trivial or significant. This may be at physical, mental or at spiritual level. As experiencedphysician shall be able to identify the internal derangement through the signs and symptoms, even ifit is trivial or insignificant to the patient.2

In homeopathy, medicine is prescribed after a detailed case taking, giving importance both to mentaland physical attributes as well as any particular symptoms. Both subjective and objective symptomshave got its importance. The symptoms that represent the patient as a whole are of more value,especially such as are expressed in the patient's own words.2

The core concept of Homeopathy is principle of Similia Similibus Curantur, which demonstrates thata remedy selected for the treatment of a natural disease shall be the one that is capable of producing arange of similar symptoms in a healthy person. Therefore, the precondition to call a substance ahomeopathic remedy is its ability to produce set symptoms on healthy human volunteers during thecourse of its clinical trial (Human Pathogenic Trial/ drug proving). Basically, this principledemonstrates that disease can be cured by a medicinal substance that is tested on the principles ofHomeopathic pharmacodynamics.3

Evaluation of Symptoms -

The word symptom implies any change that the patient experiences during the illness, includingchanges in emotional patterns, sleep, eating habits, temperature variations and so on. The followingare the different approaches of evaluation of symptoms:

Principles of Prescribing



Peculiar symptoms: These are symptoms unique to the individual that do not occur in most personswith the same disease.4

Mental and emotional symptoms: These are important general symptoms that inform about the patient's total experience of the disorder.4

Other general symptoms: These are physical symptoms felt throughout the patient's bodysuch as tiredness, changes in appetite, or restlessness.4

Particular symptoms: Particular symptoms are localized in the body; they include such symptoms as nausea, skin rashes, headache, and etc.4

During homeopathic case-taking, the practitioner will evaluate the intensity of the patient'ssymptoms, assess their depth, duration, note any peculiar symptoms, evaluate the modalitiesof each symptoms and make a list of totality of symptoms to guide the selection of the propermedicine.

Selection and administration of a remedy –Homeopathic remedies are prescribed according to the law of similar. There are several types ofprescriptions according to the different types of clinical presentation of the case which are asfollows -

1. Acute Prescription - The acute disease is a clinical condition with a sudden onset, suddenprogress and a sudden decline. It is mainly self-limiting in nature. These symptoms are fairly intenseand resolve in a short period of time. The common acute diseases are colds, flu, bronchitis, childhoodillnesses, tonsillitis, appendicitis, ear aches, most headaches, sudden diarrhoea, and most infectiousdisease. In many cases there may not be many peculiar symptoms other than the disease symptomsto select a similimum or there may not be much time for a detailed case taking. In such cases, whiletaking the case, one has to give importance to the observation, objective signs or symptoms and anykeynotes besides the major symptoms. Try to find the causation which would definitely help you inthe prescription.2

.2. Keynote Prescription - There are some great stalwarts who prescribe based on one or twokeynotes for the cases with great success. This become possible only when the experiencedphysician could identify those few key notes that represent the patient as a whole and is in a positionto select the similar remedy with the same characteristics.5

Materia medica such as Allen’s Key Notes, the striking symptoms of each remedies are in boldletters.6 In some other Materia medicas this may be in italic letters.

3. Constitutional Prescription - This prescription is based on the patient’s constitutional makeupwhich includes the patient’s physical, mental, temperamental, and emotional aspects. Constitutionalhomoeopathic prescribing, also called classical prescribing . Constitutionalprescribing is holistic in that it is intended to treat the patient on the emotional and spiritual levels ofhis or her being as well as the physical symptoms. Homeopathy can be extremely effective intreating chronic and long-term health problems through this approach. It is seen that constitutionalmedicines not only cure the disease, but also strengthen the body’s immune system and thus preventfuture occurrences of the disease.

4. Miasmatic Prescription - Miasms are the tendencies and predisposition to certain diseases eitherinherited or acquired. Miasm as an invisible, inimical, dynamic principle which permeates into thesystem of a living creature, creating a groove or stigma in the constitution which can only beeradicated by a suitable anti-miasmatic remedy. These Miasms could be dormant or active. Ifeffective anti-miasmatic treatment is not given then the miasm will persist throughout the life of theperson and will be transmitted to the next generation. Depending on the expression in a particularindividual, the respective Miasm could be diagnosed and treated with an appropriate anti-Miasmaticremedy so as to achieve cure or open up the concealed diseases picture that may give new clues forselection of remedy.2


5. Pathological Prescription - Pathological prescription is given based on the similarity to thedisease process or pathological changes. Generally low potencies in repeated doses are effective forsever pathological conditions like cancer. Dr C M Boger’s Boenninghausen's Characteristics MMand Repertory gives several information for selecting remedies based on Pathological generals.7

6. Palliative Prescriptions - In terminally ill patients the aim of the physician would be to ensurepainlessness, less discomfort and relief to the suffering of the patient. In this regard Homeopathy iseffective without side effects. In some cases, palliation is a necessary tool of prescribing, not just interminal illness but in any situation where there is extreme pain or urgency.8

Conclusion: In Homeopathy, the most appropriate treatment protocol is based onthe simila principle; however, this may not happen in all the cases. This is because in certain casesthere may not be adequate symptom to select the similimum, or in certain cases already other modeof treatment might have been applied and the true picture might be masked. There will be possibilityof getting cases in incurable stage, which may warrant only palliation. Therefore, planning the courseof treatment may not always be on a fixed protocol. Experienced physicians switch from one methodto another based on the case, availability of the symptoms and also based on his experience.Sometimes the physician may get a clue about the similmum with one or two symptoms, wherein hemay resort to key note prescription. In another case he may have to take full case history to get thetotality. Even in such cases if the physician is not able to arrive a similimum, he may evaluate themiasmatic background, past history etc to get more accurate prescription. This is the artistic aspectsof case study peculiar in homeopathy.

References:

1)http://www.homeorizon.com

2) Hahnemann Samuel: Organon Of Medicine , 6th Edition ,New Delhi : B. Jain Publishers ( P) Ltd,2010.3) Dhawale M. L.: Principles & Practice of Homoeopathy, Part I , 3rd Edition, Bombay Institute OfClinical Research , B. Jain Publishers, 2000. P.36-38

4) Sarkar B. K. : Hahnemann’s Organon Of Medicine ,10th Reprint Edition, New Delhi, BirlaPublications, pvt.ltd,2009. P.434-439

5) Roberts H.A.: The Principles and Art Of Cure by Homoeopathy, Low Price Edition 2002, NewDelhi , B. Jain Punlishers(P)Ltd.

6) Allen H.C.: Keynotes Rearranged & Classified, 3rd Reprint Edition March 2009, New Delhi,Indian Books & Periodicals Publishers.

7) Boger C.M.: Boger’s Boenninghausen’s Characteristics MM and Repertory, with Word Index,Reprint Edition 2002, 2003, Indian Books & Periodicals Publishers New Delhi.

8) Das A.K.: A Treatise On Organon Of Medicine(Part III), Souvik Homeo Publications, Kolkata,2006. P. 37-39

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Monika Mandwade. (PG Scholar)

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergenexposure triggering IgE mediated inflammation. Clinically it is characterized by- rhinorrhea,sneezing, nasal itching and nasal congestion. AR has a considerable effect on quality of life and canhave significant consequences if left untreated. AR is a global health problem affecting the peopleworldwide. Homoeopathic treatment is aimed at enhancing body’s own healing capacity so thathuman system does not react adversely to the allergens which are considered external factors orexciting cause. A case of allergic rhinitis treated with Arsenicum album, a homoeopathic medicine isreported here. This case shows the usefulness of homoeopathic medicines in allergic rhinitis.

Keywords: Allergy, Allergic rhinitis, Rhinorrhea, Arsenicum album, Homoeopathy.

Introduction: Allergic diseases are common and increasing cause of illness, affecting between 15%and 20% of the population. They comprise a range of disorders from mild to life-threatening, andaffect many organs. [1] AR represents a global health care problem affecting 10% to 20% of the totalpopulation, making allergic rhinitis the most prevalent chronic non-communicable disease. [2]

AR is a respiratory disorder characterized by an inflammation of the nasal mucous membranescaused by an IgE mediated immune response consisting of an early acute response due todegranulation of mast cells, and a delayed prolonged response in which there is infiltration byleucocytes such as eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and macrophages accompanied with edema. [3]

In AR, histamine released in response to the reaction causes local intranasal vasculardilation, with resultant increased capillary pressure and increased capillary permeability. Both theseeffects cause rapid fluid leakage into the nasal cavities and into associated deeper tissues of the nose;and the nasal linings become swollen and secretary. [1]

Episodic rhinorrhea, sneezing, obstruction of the nasal passages with lacrimation, andpruritus of the conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, and oropharynx are the hallmarks of AR. The nasalmucosa is pale and boggy, the conjunctiva congested and edematous, and the pharynx is generallyunremarkable. Swelling of the turbinates and mucous membranes with obstruction of the sinus ostiaand eustachian tubes precipitates secondary infections of the sinuses and middle ear, respectively.Nasal polyps, representing mucosal protrusions containing edema fluid with variable numbers ofeosinophils, can increase obstructive symptoms and can concurrently arise within the nasopharynx orsinuses. [4]

AR has nasal symptoms as well as non-nasal symptoms. It also has psychological andcognitive symptoms such as fatigue, depression, anxiety, poor concentration, sleep disturbances, andlimited daily activities and exercise capacity. Frequent respiratory infections and other respiratorysequelae are reported. [5]

AR is usually a long-standing condition that often goes undetected in the primary-care setting.Patients suffering from the disorder often fail to recognize the impact of the disorder on quality oflife and functioning and, therefore, do not frequently seek medical attention. [6]

A Case Study of Allergic Rhinitis



Treatment for AR in modern medicine is Antihistamines, nasal decongestants, mast cellstabilizers and anticholinergic agents, Anti-IgE antibody therapy and immunotherapy. [7]

AR involves over-responsiveness of the immune system, and is therefore not limited to a localproblem with the nose, but a system issue. According to the National Centers for Homoeopathy, thetreatment of allergies with homoeopathic medications has been researched extensively, and studieshave proved them to be very effective. [8]

The present case will bring to light the efficacy of a homoeopathic medicine in the case of AR.

Case Report: A 22 year old male consulted on 22/10/2017 for the treatment of cold, sneezing,lachrymation and watery nasal discharge since last 4 months. The patient was under allopathictreatment earlier which gave him temporary relief. The sneezing starts suddenly 15-20 in a row, andis aggravated in morning, dust mites, cold drinks, change of weather. Warm drinks relives forsometimes. During this, he had profuse watery nasal discharge with itching of nose and profuselachrymation with burning and redness of eyes.

Past history: Nothing specific was found.

Family history: Nothing contributory history found.

Physical generals: He has good appetite and desire for sweets. He becomes thirsty so often anddrinks 3- 3½ liters of water. Has regular bowel movements and normal micturation. Tongue cleanand moist and skin is healthy. Sleep disturbed as nose get blocked at night.

Thermal: Chilly.

Mental symptoms: The patient said only thing that was bothering him is not getting relief in spite oftaking medicines. He gets irritated easily since the complaint started. Becomes angry on seeing messin the room, wants everything neat and clean.

On systemic and general examination: On Auscultation, Wheezing sound heard over both the sideof lungs. Body temperature was 980 F. Blood pressure and pulse rate were 130/80 mmHg and 82beats/min respectively.

Local Examination: Swollen nasal turbinate. Redness and congestion of nose and throat. Redness ofeyes.

Analysis of the case: After case taking all mental, physical generals and particular symptoms wereclassified, analysed and each symptom evaluated as per their merit. Among mental symptoms-anxiety, irritable, fastidious and physical generals unquenchable thirst, disturbed sleep were taken forconstructing the totality. Among particulars, sneezing, cold aggravation, morning aggravation, dustaggravation, burning eyes, redness of eyes, nasal itching were considered in the totality.

Repertorization was done by using RADAR software [10.0], Synthesis repertory 9.1 was selected.

Arsenicum album was prescribed to the patient considering the totality, thermal state and miasmaticexpression which is predominantly Psora.

Repertorization:


Prescription: Arsenicum album 200 x 3 doses x 8 hourly. Placebo 30, 4 pills x TDS x 7days.

Follow up schedule:Sr. No Complaints Prescription with Date

1. Sneezing reduced (12-15) Nasal discharge as it is.

Nasal itching reduced. Burning of eyes and lachrymation

reduced.

Sleep- sound. Irritability reduced. On Examination- Congestion of throat

and nose. Swelling of nasal turbinates reducedslightly. Redness of eyes reduced.

RS- Wheezing reduced slightly.

29/10/2017

Rubrum 200, 1 dose HS.Placebo 4pills, TDS for 15Days.

2. Sneezing reduced(5-6) Nasal discharge reduced.

Slight burning and lachrymation. Nasal itching increased.

Sleep sound. Irritability reduced to mark extends. On examination- Congestion reduced.

Nasal turbinates appeared normal. No redness ofeyes.

RS- Wheezing reduced on both sides.

16/11/2017

Arsenicum album 200, 1dose stat.

Placebo 4 pills, BD For 1month.

3. Sneezing reduced further (1-2) Slight Nasal discharge.

17/12/2017

Rubrum 200, 3 doses 8


No nasal itching.

No burning of eyes and lachrymation. No irritability. On examination- No congestion. No

redness of eyes. RS- Wheezing reduced.

hourly.

Placebo 4 pills, BD For 1month.

4. Sneezing (1-2 in a week) No nasal discharge. No nasal itching.

No burning and lachrymation. RS- AEBE clear.

21/1/2018

Placebo 4 pills, BD for 1month.

Discussion & Conclusion: Above case shows the effectiveness of the homoeopathic medicine intreatment of allergic rhinitis. Homoeopathy plays a major role in the management of allergic rhinitiswith a check on subsequent recurrence of episodes in terms of frequency, duration and intensity.Homoeopathy treats the person by giving constitutional treatment based on individualization. Properadministration of the indicated constitutional remedy facilitates in rapid, gentle and permanentrestoration of heath – that is cure. Homoeopathic remedies offer gentle relief and reduce the chancesof recurrence significantly. However, the results from this single case report are by no meansconclusive regarding the long-term clinical effectiveness of homoeopathy for allergic rhinitis. Well-designed studies are required for establishing effectiveness and efficacy of homoeopathy in treatingthe condition.References:

1. Colllege N. R.[et al]. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. 21st edition. ChurchillLivingstone Elsevier Ltd. P. 86

2. Akdis Cezmi A.[et al],Global Atlas of Allergy, European Academy of Allergy and ClinicalImmunology 2014. P 178

3. Harsh Mohan. Textbook of Pathology. 6th edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medicalpublishers (P) Ltd; 2010.p.515.

4. Fauci [et al]. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th edition. P.27155. Mohammad A, Zeyad H, Raed A, Mohammad M, Adel W. The clinical and immunological

features of common variable centre experience. MMJ 2014; 27:533–537.6. Small and Kim Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 2011,http://www.aacijournal.com/content/7/S1/S3

7. Maqbool Mohammad. Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat diseases. 4th edition. New Delhi:Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) ltd; 1988. p. 234.

8. Hay fever and allergy research shows homeopathy works. National Center for Homeopathywebsite.http://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2014/april2014/homeopathy-focus-allergic-rhinitis-homeopathic-treatments-may-be-the-solution. Accessed January 2018.

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