Matter: Chemical and Physical Properties

Review…

Matter is…

Anything that has mass and takes up space

It commonly comes in four forms:

Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

SolidsMatter that has a definite shape and definite volume. Solids will not take the shape of a container. They are made up of tightly packed atoms that have restricted motion.

LiquidsLiquids have a definite volume however they will take the shape of the container in which they are placed. Atoms are arranged loosely and move about freely. Because liquids flow they are consider fluids.

GasesGases take the shape of whatever contains them. They have no definite volume as they readily expand to fill a room and can be compressed tightly to occupy small spaces. Atoms moves about wildly but will flow and are fluids.

PlasmaBelieve it or not the most common phase of matter in the universe! Similar to gas but even more “excited” atoms-a certain number of the atoms become ionized. All of the stars are made of plasmas.

Phase Transitions: Matter can change from phase to phase with the addition or removal of

energy.

Physical Chemical

Properties

Physical Pr0pertiesChemical Properties

A physical property is any property that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.

Properties that won’t change the chemical nature of the matter

A property of matter that describes its “potential” to undergo some chemical change by virtue of its composition.

Properties that will change the chemical nature of thematter

Defining Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical Properties

Boiling PointMelting/freezing PointColorSmellViscosityOpacityAre there others?

Chemical Properties

Flammability (and volatility)Reactivity to acidReactivity to waterAnd more…

Magnetism?Solubility (The ability to dissolve)?

What about these properties?

Evidence of a Physical Change

Change of state (phase)

Can be changed back to original item easily

No loss of chemical properties as a result of the change

Melting/freezing/boiling/condensing

Cutting of the material

Others?

Evidence of Chemical Change

Temperature changeEnergy absorbed or

given offGas bubbles formColor change of the

substanceSubstance cannot be

returned to original form without an additional chemical reaction

Flame/smoke is generated

Odors not previously associated with the substance are present

Change of mass may result