Matura -Angliski Jazik 2014

8/9/2019 Matura -Angliski Jazik 2014

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Time - 90 minutes

August, 2014

© ДИЦ 2014

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CANDIDATE NO.

N A T I O N A L E X A M I N A T I O N S

C E

N T R E

ENGLISHREADING S

T A T E

M A T U R A

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Put the barcode in the space CANDIDATE No.• Carefully go through the test. Should you notice any missing pages or words, report it to your

proctor.

• Carefully listen to the instructions given by your proctor and do not start taking the test until

you are asked to do so.

• All kinds of aids (e.g. dictionaries, textbooks, mobile phones, etc.) are not allowed to be taken

in or used on the premises.

• Mark your answer on the answer sheet. Use blue or black ink pen only.

• Incomprehensible answers and intangible corrections will be marked with zero (0) points.

• Cheating is strictly forbidden.

Good luck!

ENGLISH

READING


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STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURASTATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA STATE MATURA


























































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1 Carefully read the text and then do the exercise that follows.

Some parents think that formal schooling doesn’t provide the kind of education they want for

their children and might dim their children’s love of learning. They think that they could do

better and decide to home-school their own children. However, can this Do-It-Yourself method

provide appropriate and real education? This text has many pros and cons to be considered.

HOME SCHOOLING

1 In the beginning, your kids need you a lot. They’re attached to your hip, all the time.Then suddenly you are expected to send them off to school for seven hours a day, where

they’ll have to cope with life in ways they never had to before. You are in a panic. You

can no longer control what they learn, or how, or with whom. Then, you realise that you

might create a sense of security in your kids by practising “attachment parenting and

educating”, an approach that involves round-the-clock physical contact with your children

and immediate responses to all their cues.

2 Home schooling offers a great deal of independence, both physical and educational.Students decide as to what they specifically learn and when. They can focus on the

subject matter that gets them excited. Without a definite schedule of school hours,

homework and school trips, families have many more options to organise their time and

activities. Additionally, a home-school environment offers emotional relief where

troubles with bullies, peer-pressure, boredom and competition are eliminated. Students

are able to think, dress and act the way they want, making sure that their self-esteem

remains intact. Lastly, home schooling offers religious liberty not found in public

schools, which is definitely important to many families.

3 Members of home schooling families often form significantly closer familyrelationships. Home schooling provides a sense of safety for family members during

difficult times, whether it is illness, moving, death, or a new family member. Home

schooling ensures that kids can get the rest they need. No longer are kids forced to rise

before dawn to slave away in early morning classes. Lastly, home schooling eliminates

the need for busy life. Home schooling is a much more efficient way to teach and learn,

and can eliminate the need for homework.

4 While home schooling can do a great deal of good, there are also a number of disadvantages. First, there are the time restraints. Whether you work, whether you are a

single parent or simply choose a time-consuming schooling method, there are a number of factors restricting the time available for home schooling. Financial restraints are another

concern, as a source of income is often lost when the decision is made to home-school.

The closeness of home schooling may prove too much for some families, as parents often

must spend a larger amount of time with their children.

5 Other disadvantages come from limited social interactions. First, team sportsopportunities are limited, especially for teenagers who want to participate in competitive

sports. Home schoolers may find themselves limited in outside connection. While family

interaction is great, kids should interact with others outside their family in order to live

full and well-developed lives. Lastly, home schooling is considered unusual, so you mayexperience negative comments and attitudes.


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Read the article and then choose the most suitable heading (A - J) for each

paragraph (1 - 5). There are five extra headings which you do not need to use.

Write the appropriate letter in the answer box provided.

Paragraph 1 2 3 4 5

Heading

5 points

A. PROS AND CONS OF HOME SCHOOLING

B. LIMITATIONS YOU MIGHT FACE

C. PUBLIC SCHOOLS DO NOT PROVIDE PROPER EDUCATION

FOR ALL STUDENTS

D. FEAR FROM EXPERIENCING TROUBLES AT FORMAL

SCHOOLS

E. WHAT COULD HOME-SCHOOLED CHILDREN MISS OUT?

F. WAYS TO IMPROVE HOME ENVIRONMENT

G. YOUR CHILD IS JUST ABOUT TO START SCHOOL: WHAT TO

DO?

H. HOME SCHOOLING ALLOWS A GREAT DEAL OF FREEDOM IN

EVERY SENSE OF THE WORD

I. HOME EDUCATION HELPS TO STRENGTHEN FAMILY BONDS

J. PHYSICAL, EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS DISORDERS

CAUSED BY HOME SCHOOLING


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2 Read the text below and then choose the best answer (A-D) to the question

(2.1 - 2.8) connected to the text.

HOW TO OVERCOME THE STRUGGLES OF BEING A YOUNG ENTREPRENEUR

by Sarah Haselkorn

Being a young entrepreneur definitely has its advantages, but there are also downsides. Ideveloped the idea and the business plan for Green Bean, a healthy food restaurant, during my

sophomore year at Washington University in St. Louis, Miss. At first, I kept it a secret, worried

family and friends would tell me I was crazy for starting a business at such a young age.

When I decided to finally break it to my mom and dad, I remember sitting on the edge

of their bed, nervous to tell them I was planning to take on such a huge endeavour. They could

definitely sense my nerves. As I began to explain I wanted to open a restaurant, I surprisingly

watched my mother's face soften. As soon as I told them my idea, my mom let out a huge sigh

of relief and explained she was thrilled to discover I wasn't pregnant.

Telling my parents about my venture was only one of the many hurdles I faced as a young

entrepreneur. As a young founder, particularly at a non-technical start-up, it's extraordinarily

tough to earn credibility. In a people-facing business, where you're often relying on first impressionsto succeed, it's even more difficult.

Although age is just a number, it does pose a variety of challenges for budding

entrepreneurs. Here are some of the greatest adversities I faced, and how I overcame them:

Being taken seriously. Just like my parents' reaction, strangers were shocked when I told

them I owned the business they have just eaten at. Customers would often ask me at the register

if our location was a franchise. When I was able to speak knowledgably about the business,

they'd inquire if I owned the place. Upon answering yes, the response was always, "Wow,

you're so young!" I always laughed and shrugged it off. "You can do anything," I'd say. The

trick is to never give anyone a reason to think you can't do it.

As a young entrepreneur, you have to work harder to prove yourself. You'll never be

perfect, and you will make mistakes along the way. Fail gracefully, learn from your mistakes

and address them with maturity. Confidence, coupled with unwavering humility, goes a long

way.

Securing funding. For young entrepreneurs starting out, my first piece of advice would

be to aim for a business that doesn't need a lot of capital, as it's really difficult to gain access to

finances, especially with banks. Unlike venture capital and angel investments, they require

extensive personal credibility and financial history. However, launching a business that requires

little cash to start up is not always possible.

The best tip would be to work your assets. The easiest route is family and friends. Pitch

yourself, your smarts and your dedication in hopes they will support your financially. Even if

they're not willing or able to directly invest money, they might consider signing on a loan with

you to help boost your credibility with banks.

Another option for young entrepreneurs, especially those with poor credit, or launchingtheir first company, is to look at companies that deal with "high-risk" people. Keep in mind,

these companies may provide capital but tend to have high interest rates.

Being relatable to your friends. As supportive as friends can be (mine were the cream of

the crop), they'll never truly grasp what you're going through. And vice versa. You'll never

understand why they insist upon spending hours in the library and complaining about having to

get up early one day a week. But having a close connection with your peers is pivotal in

growing. So make sure you separate your entrepreneurial life from your social life. Be a kid,

and then be an adult. You're smart enough to do both. The path of an entrepreneur is never easy,

but youth poses added difficulties. Rise above them, and you will be an even more impressive

entrepreneur for it.

Adapted fromhttp://www.entrepreneur.com/article/229833


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1 point

1 point

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(2.1) What kind of business has Sarah founded?

A. Green Bean health institution.

B. Restaurant in a health institution.

C. Healthy food restaurant.

D. Restaurant within Washington University in St. Louis.

(2.2) Did she tell her family and friends about her idea immediately when

it was born?

A. She didn’t even mention it for a while.

B. She told her friends and they said she was crazy.

C. She told her family and they sensed her nerves.

D. Her family and friends were worried.

(2.3) According to Sarah, what type of an entrepreneur can ensure credibility

more easily?

A. An entrepreneur at a non-technical start-up.

B. A young teenage entrepreneur.

C. An entrepreneur relying on a people-facing business.

D. An entrepreneur being able to speak knowledgably about

their particular business.

(2.4) What is one of the obstacles Sarah met when she started her business?

A. She was not taken seriously by customers and others.

B. She did not own the place she was running.

C. She never gave reason to anyone to think she could not do it.

D. She was able to speak knowledgably about the business.

(2.5) What is Sarah’s opinion of gaining confidence as a young entrepreneur?

A. You will inevitably make mistakes.

B. You cannot do anything.

C. You have to work harder to prove yourself.

D. You should fail gracefully.


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(2.6) According to Sarah, what kind of funding should a business like hers

seek?

A. Bank loans.

B. Personal assets.

C. Venture capital.

D. Angel investments.

(2.7) According to Sarah, in case you opt to open a business with your own

money, what is the easiest way to raise it?

A. Founding a business that does not need a lot of capital.

B. Borrowing it from your family and friends.

C. Asking your family and friends for an interest-based loan.

D. Applying for a loan with a company dealing with “high risk”people.

(2.8) Sarah is of the opinion that concerning your relationship with friends,

as a young entrepreneur, you have

A. to insist on spending hours in a library with your friends.

B. to get up early one day a week to be with your peers.

C. to be supportive of your friends.

D. to be both a child privately and a grown-up at work.

1 point

1 point

1 point


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3 Carefully read the text below and then do the exercise that follows.

BEING RESPONSIBLE

A Furthermore, learn to cope with problems. When something bad happens, allow it to addmeaning to your life. Rather than being frustrated and disappointed, be more empowered

and motivated to achieve your goals.

B At last, value your words and yourself. If you commit something to someone, just do thework and do not let the other person down. Never be afraid of making mistakes. Do not

be reluctant to take on new responsibilities just because you doubt whether you can really

deliver. You may encounter some problems initially and are sure to make several mistakes.

Take this positively and learn to grow, this time in a much better way!

C Being responsible is one of the prime requisites for any person who wants to surviveindependently in this world. As a child grows, they learn to become more responsible for

the things around them. However, the sense of responsibility comes at different times for different people. Some mature early and show their responsibility at a very young age;

while others do not realize it until the time they are forced into such a situation. Being

responsible for one’s actions is essential to prove one’s worth in today’s world of cut-

throat competition. It is necessary for an individual to stand up to their commitments.

This helps in creating trust and respect for them, from the people surrounding them. We

bring you some helpful tips in the lines below that will help you to be more responsible

in your life. These tips will definitely inspire you to work in a better and a more committed

manner.

D After learning how to cope you should learn to be answerable for your deeds. In case,you are unable to complete your task, accept your failure and try consistently to overcome

it. Framing vague excuses will only make you appear irresponsible and hamper your

future growth. Always have an optimistic approach to life. Do not visualize yourself as

a helpless victim, who cannot do anything to change their circumstances. Instead, stand

up and fight to improve your situation. You can do it, if you really want it to be done.

E One of the first steps towards being responsible is practising discipline. Do not overindulgein luxuries and pleasures. Remember that “time and tide waits for none.” So, start being

responsible from this moment and begin to work to the best of your abilities.

Adapted from http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/how-to-be-more-responsible-2610.html

Read the paragraphs (A-E) and then put them in the correct logical order (1-5).

Write the appropriate letter in the answer box provided.

1 2 3 4 5

Paragraph

5 points


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4 Sport is not just about playing by the rules, it is also about playing within the spirit of

the rules. It requires sportsmanship, fair play, playing clean, and respect. However, fair

play is sometimes violated when athletes engage in poor sporting behaviour, using

offensive language and taking performance enhancing drugs. Celebrating achievement

is not in itself unethical - but it can drive some competitors to unethical behaviour.

Read what four young people have to say in relation to this.

A HarryViolence oozes from our culture. In the video games children play, the television shows

we watch, and movies we see, a culture of “brutality” exists. As a result of this notion of

violence, safety and, consequently, liability have become number one concerns among

families, institutions, corporations, and even sports. Now, don’t get me wrong, sports in

and of themselves are perilous and risky, especially a sport as relentless as football,

where some of the most athletic and muscular men tackle and batter one another. Yet, no

one really considers the safety measures that surround football today. According to the

NFL rulebook, there are over 400 rules implemented in the NFL which concern thelogistics of the game and player safety. Yet, if I were to tell you that there were 400 fewer

rules at the dawn of football, would you still say that football is an unsophisticated and

brutish game? What if I also were to tell you that in the early 1900s death tolls were

approximately 20 players every year, and over 100 other players were hospitalized as a

direct result of the lack of safety? In this perspective, football safety has truly been

enhanced and refined over the last century. Nevertheless, how did this change come

about and what essentially caused these radical changes?

B OliverLast week, I talked about cheating on the professional level, specifically those cheating

violations that are in direct violation with the game itself. This week, however, I will provide for you a different aspect of cheating, one that, in one sense, has nothing to do

with sports themselves but in another sense has everything to do with them (at least

according to the media). Namely, I am talking about the infidelity of professional

athletes. This cheating has been an omnipresent component of our culture. Even

throughout the history of sports, athletes have cheated on their respective spouses and

many more have undergone divorces. Some recent and notable sportsmen, many of

whom committed infidelity or many infidelities against their spouses, subsequently

received an uproar of media attention, and as a result of that media attention filed for

divorce. Despite the moral implications of cheating in a marriage, however, people,

whether they are professional athletes or part of the middle class, still do it anyway. Yet,

statistically, athletes, though they marry at relatively the same rate, have a considerably

higher divorce rate than the general public.

C Jack There are many central dogmas that you learn as a kid, such as “It’s rude to stare” or

“Don’t talk with your mouth open.” The same is true with sports. There are just certain

things that you don’t do! One of these is using performance enhancing drugs (PED). Yet,

despite the very big negativity that surrounds the use of PEDs, they are still extremely

prevalent and widely used in professional sports. Various athletes from across different

sports have been accused and penalized for such abuses. One of the most recent and

notorious examples of a major PED offense occurred in major league baseball this year,

when a rehabilitation clinic scandal was leaked. Fourteen players were found to have been supplied with and used human growth hormone from the clinic. Many of the players

accused were also suspended for the entire regular season and one of them was


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Answer the following questions by circling the most appropriate letter, A, B, C

or D.

Which personA

Harry

B

Oliver

C

Jack

D

Robin

1.gives an account of an unacceptable

behaviour of sports pedagogues? A B C D

2.

mentions cheating by taking illicit

substances to raise the line of sportsaccomplishments?

A B C D

3.talks about cheating not relatedto sports games?

A B C D

4.

mentions frequent verbal and physical

attacks upon players and other sportsofficials?

A B C D

5.thinks that, in spite of the improvement

of the safety measures, some sportsare still dangerous?

A B C D

6. has written twice on this topic? A B C D

7.

considers that young peoples’

unethical behaviour might sometimesbe provoked by aggressive media

programs?

A B C D

7 points

suspended additionally for the next season. Performance enhancing drugs have also

pervaded other less known sports, such as cycling. Even Olympic athletes have met a

similar fate. Some of the names include Marion Jones and Ben Johnson, who were both

successful on the track but off the track were swindling the system.

D RobinEverything about sports is crazy. The fans are crazy with their team support. The gamesare crazy because of great plays and epic finishes. Even some players are crazy at how

talented they are. Yet, in my opinion, one aspect of sports that has gotten too crazy is

crazy coaches. Now, if you were involved with sports in either high school or college,

you will always remember that in many cases some coaches have taken winning and the

lengths they will go to win way too far. One recent example is a college basketball coach

who was fired from his position as a result of a leaked video showing him abusing his

players. On the video, he verbally and physically abuses his players by yelling and

throwing basketballs at them, and pushing them to the ground. In addition, about a year

ago he was ejected during a game after pounding his fists on the scorer’s table and

hurling a chair unto the court. Yet, this is the same man who is esteemed throughout the

sports and basketball community as one of the best college coaches of all time,accumulating about 200 wins and three college championships.


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5 Carefully read the text below and decide which answer, A, B, C or D, best fits

each space.

MY FIRST DRIVING LESSON

I have always had a healthy fear of driving. Don't get me wrong. I am not one of those

back-to-nature freak-shows who believe that all (1) _________ is bad and that mankind must

revert to the stick-and-stone age of the past. (2) _________, I enjoy (3) _________ around in

the air-conditioned comfort of a fine car. I have no problems with that. It is driving that scares

the living daylights out of me. So you can imagine what a nightmare my first driving lesson

was.

Like all college students, I, too, enrolled in driving school in order to be able to drive my

own car. After all, being able to drive was one of the cornerstones of independence and wouldmean that I (4) _________ my own wings, right? Wrong, as I (5) _________ to my utter

disbelief. I had never attempted driving any vehicle before. And to my horror, I discovered that

the entire driving lesson turned out to be a total nightmare!

For one thing, when I got (6) _________ the driver's seat, I totally and completely froze.

I have to mention at this point that the instructor allotted to me for the driving lesson wasn't

exactly inspiring. In fact, if his looks were anything to go by, he looked positively life-

threatening himself. Anyway, coming back to the beginning of my very first driving lesson, I

totally and utterly froze. I still don't know why or what caused that reaction. But the fact

remains that the very first driving lesson of my life did not get off to a good start.

Needless to say, I failed this driving lesson. After all, they don't really go around giving

marks to people just because they look like they can handle driving. In any driving lesson, to

the (7) _________ of my knowledge, you have to actually drive or, at the very least, get the car

to move a couple of millimeters in terms of distance in order to be considered for a pass grade.

In my case, nothing moved. Except, of course, when the instructor pushed me out of the car,

screaming abuse!

Ever since, driving lessons have given me a total headache. I think it took me a good

seven years after that first, (8) _________ experience with driving lessons till I got enough

courage to get into an adult driving programme. I was (9) _________ the youngest. But that,

too, was little consolation as the only other people in the room were immigrants or country

people, both of who had never ever seen a car (10) _________!


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Write your answers in the answer box below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A B C D

1 access account regress progress

2 On the contrary Therefore Then Though

3 have driven being driven am driven to drive

4 have developed has developed was developed had developed

5 was discover discover was to discover was discovered

6 at upon into onto

7 worst best most least

8 miserable wounded agonized hurt

9 certain fortunately fortunate unfortunate

10 firstly first at first in the first place

10 points


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Matura -Angliski Jazik 2014