Me 588 - Sunum

Gökhan YAZAR

1902568

ME 588 – IMPULSIVE LOADING OF SOLIDS

STATE OF THE ART OF THE ARMOR DESIGN, ACTIVE AND REACTIVE ARMOR DESIGNS

Middle East Technical University Faculty Of Engineering Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Monday, May 26, 2014

INTRODUCTION

ACTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

› HARD KILL

› SOFT KILL

Aerial Countermeasures

IR Decoys (Flare)

Radar Decoys (Chaff)

Naval Decoys

› REACTIVE ARMOUR

Explosive Reactive Armor

Non-Explosive Reactive Armor

Electromagnetic Armor

CONCLUSION

Monday, May 26, 2014 2 ME 588 – Impulsive Loading of Solids

Advancements in weapon technologies has increased the variety of the threats to the combat vehicles.

As ground threats have evolved in terms of range, accuracy and lethality, however, vehicles can no longer rely on armor alone to provide adequate self-protection.

There is a necessity of protecting the vehicles from these threats and therefore, there is a need to adopt active protection technologies.

To increase survivability by adding an APS package is simply less expensive than buying or developing new tanks in sufficient quantity.


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Survivability onion is a well used illustration that summarizes the protection levels.

•Signature

reduction

•Obscurants

•Jammers

•Jammers

•Decoys

•APS

•Passive Armor

•Reactive Armor

•EM Armor

•Compartmenting

•Fire Suppression

ME 588 – Impulsive Loading of Solids

An APS is designed to reduce threat hit/kill probability by acquiring/intercepting and/or destroying threat before impact.

The employment of Active Protection Systems (APS) into the combat vehicles is becoming more popular in last decades.

Active protection can be classified as hard-kill and soft-kill systems.

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Active Protection Systems

Hard-kill Systems Soft-Kill Systems Reactive Armors


Measures that physically counterattack an incoming threat thereby destroying/altering its payload/warhead in such a way that the intended effect on the target is severely impeded are designated hardkill measures.

A hard-kill system engages and destroys enemy missiles before they impact their aim.

A hard-kill product which uses sensors to detect an incoming round and then fires an 'interceptor' to destroy it before it hits the vehicle.


Available Hard-kill Systems and the Developer Countries


TROPHY

IRON FIST

ARENA

DROZD

QUICK KILL

IRON CURTAIN

AMAP-ADS

LEDS-150

ZASLON


How hard-kill system works?


Threat Detection

Threat Detecting

Countermeasure Activation

Threat Neutralization


Soft kill technologies warn the crew about the threat and protect the vehicle from the threat by confusing / diverting the threat away from the target.

This can be done by way of smoke in the case of optically-guided weapons, or by jammers or decoys in the case of electro-optical or electronically guided weapons.

Softkill countermeasures can be divided into on-board and expendable countermeasures.

› On-board measures are fixed on the platform to be protected

› Expendable measures are ejected from the platform

Monday, May 26, 2014 ME 588 – Impulsive Loading of Solids 9

Soft-Kill Systems

Aerial Countermeasures

IR Decoys (Flare) Radar Decoys

(Chaff) Naval Decoys


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If strikes cannot be avoided then the next stage is armor that reacts to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected. Reactive armor is a type of vehicle armor that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected.

Reactive armor can be divided into 3 categories.

Reactive Armor

Explosive Reactive Armor

Non-explosive Reactive Armor

Electromagnetic Armor


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Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) is an add-on armor designed to offer additional protection to tanks against shaped charge warheads of modern antitank guided missiles (ATGMs).

The ERA is a layer of explosive material sandwiched between two metal plates. When the hot jet of a shaped-charge hits this sandwich, it ignites the explosive layer in the middle, causing the two metal plates to fly apart. These plates erode and destabilize the jet KEP as it slices through them, thereby reducing its ability to penetrate the base armor of the vehicle.

To be effective against kinetic energy projectiles, ERA must use much thicker and heavier plates and a correspondingly thicker explosive layer.


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ERA work in two ways ;

a)The first way, the projectile comes into contact with the first metal plate and compresses that plate towards the armored fighting vehicle, the projectile then initiates its own charge, the explosive liner is detonated and then incoming jet loses its penetration capability to the base armor of the vehicle.

b) The second way is, as the projectile makes contact with the ERA, since it's travelling with so much force and the surface of the armored unit is sloped to deflect projectiles, the projectile will actually cause the ERA to move, constantly creating a new point of contact with the armor.


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NERA operates similarly to explosive reactive armor, but without the explosive liner.

Two metal plates sandwich an inert liner, such as rubber. Since the inner liner is not explosive itself, the bulging is less energetic than on explosive reactive armor, and thus offers less protection than a similarly-sized ERA.

NERA is lighter and completely safe to handle.A key advantage of this kind of reactive armor is that it cannot be defeated via tandem warhead shaped charges, which employ a small forward warhead to detonate ERA before the main warhead fires.


This armor is made up of two or more conductive plates separated by some space or by an insulating material, creating a high-power capacitor.

In operation, a high-voltage power source charges the armor. When an incoming body penetrates the plates, it closes the circuit to discharge the capacitor, dumping a great deal of energy into the penetrator, which may vaporize it or even turn it into plasma, significantly diffusing the attack.


Advanced soft kill and hard kill systems are simple and cost effective solutions to counter most of the anti tank threats.

The concept of protection has to give way for the concept of survivability with more interesting form of protection methods and counter measures.

Today, the ground vehicle market is on the brink of a new era in self-protection, and many ground forces are including active protection system requirements in their manned vehicle programs. The growing number of APS solutions reflects this trend.

New technologies are sure to evolve and industry will focus on reducing system size, weight and price. The era of the APS is just beginning...


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Me 588 - Sunum