D R . T A R E K A . T U T U N J I

P H I L A D E L P H I A U N I V E R S I T Y , J O R D A N

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Mechatronic Systems: Overview

Mechatronics Definition

The word, mechatronics, is composed of “mecha” from mechanism and the “tronics” from electronics.

The synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes.

Mechatronics Definition

Mechatronics is the application of complex decision making to the operation of physical systems.

Mechatronics is a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products.

A mechatronic system is not just a marriage of electrical and mechanical systems and is more than just a control system; it is a complete integration of all of them.

Mechatronics Definition

Mechatronics Engineering is the

Analysis

Design

Manufacturing

Integration

and maintenance

of mechanics with electronics through intelligent computer control.

Mechatronic Systems

Mechatronic Systems

History

Mechanical Engineering experienced an exponential growth in the early 19th century because of the industrial revolution.

The rise of semiconductors in the 1950s and computers in the 1980s have revolutionized all engineering products and processes which in turn affected mechanical engineering systems.

The term mechatronics was first used in the late 1960s by a Japanese Electric Company to describe the engineering integration between mechanical “mecha” and electronics “tronics” systems.

History

Since then it has spread throughout Europe and is growing is the USA.

Today, many mechanical systems use some form of electronics and computers to control its functionality.

Mechatronics system engineering has gained much recognition and importance in the industrial world.

History

In the late 1970s, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry (JSPMI) classified mechatronics products into four categories

Class I: Primarily mechanical products with electronics incorporated to

enhance functionality. Examples include numerically controlled machine tools and variable speed drives in manufacturing machines.

Class II: Traditional mechanical systems with significantly updated internal

devices incorporating electronics. Examples include the modern sewing machine and automated manufacturing systems.

History

Class III:

Systems that retain the functionality of the traditional mechanical system, but the internal mechanisms are replaced by electronics. An example is the digital watch.

Class IV:

Products designed with mechanical and electronic technologies through synergistic integration. Examples include photocopiers, intelligent washers and dryers, rice cookers, and automatic ovens.

Historical Development

[Ref.] Prof. Rolf Isermann

Evolution of Mechatronics

[Ref.] Prof. Tomizuka

Modern Mechatronic System

[Ref.] Prof. Tomizuka

Control of Mechanical Systems

[Ref.] Prof. Tomizuka

Mechanical Engineering in 21st Century

Mechanical Engineering will be affected by

1. information technology,

2. miniaturization,

3. materials science,

4. bioengineering and medicine,

5. energy,

6. transportation

7. environmental engineering,

8. manufacturing.

Mechatronic Systems Examples

[Ref.] Prof. Rolf Isermann

Mechatronics Application Area

Mechatronic System Example: Automobiles

http://www.exoticcars.ws/cars/ferrari-enzo-doors-open.jpg

The Development of Automobiles

Until the 1960s, the radio was the only significant electronics in an automobile.

All other functions were entirely mechanical or electrical, such as the starter motor and the battery charging systems.

Modeling of the combustion process showed that, for increased fuel efficiency, there existed an optimal time when the fuel should be ignited.

The timing depends on load, speed, and other measurable quantities.

The Development of Automobiles

The electronic ignition system was one of the first mechatronic systems to be introduced in the automobile in the late 1970s. The electronic ignition system consists of a crankshaft position

sensor, camshaft position sensor, airflow rate, throttle position, rate of throttle position change sensors, and a dedicated microcontroller determining the timing of the spark plug firings.

The Antilock Brake System (ABS) was also introduced in

the late 1970s in automobiles The Traction Control System (TCS) was introduced in

automobiles in the mid-1990s.

The Development of Automobiles

Nowadays there are about 30-60 microcontrollers in each automobile. These processors are used for

Engine management

Transmission control

Airbags

ABS, TCS, VDC,

Instrument cluster

Air conditioning systems

Seat, mirror control, and window lift systems.

The Development of Automobiles

New applications of mechatronic systems in the automotive world include Semi-autonomous to fully autonomous automobiles

Safety enhancements

Emission reduction

Intelligent cruise control

Brake by wire systems

Wireless networking of automobiles to ground stations and vehicle-to vehicle communication.

Telematics, which combines audio, hands-free cell phone, navigation, Internet connectivity, e-mail, and voice recognition

MEMS

Autonomous Vehicle System

[Ref.] Prof. Robert Bishop

So!

Mechatronics is an evolutionary process, not a revolutionary one.

Mechatronics is about the synergistic integration of mechanical, electrical, and computer systems.

[Ref.] Prof. Robert Bishop

Elements of Mechatronic Systems

[Ref.] Prof. Robert Bishop

Mechatronics Constitutes

[Ref.] Prof. Divdas Shetty

Mechatronics Key Elements

[Ref.] Prof. Divdas Shetty

Mechatronic Systems Block Diagram

Computer,

Microprocessor,

or DSP

D/A A/D

Signal

Conditioning

Driver

Sensors Actuators

Physical Process

Mechatronic vs. Multidisciplinary

The difference between a mechatronic system and a multidisciplinary system is not the constituents, but rather the order in which they are designed.

Multidisciplinary system design employed a sequential design-by-discipline approach.

Mechatronic design methodology is based on a concurrent (instead of sequential) approach to discipline design, resulting in products with more synergy.

Conclusion

Mechatronic Systems are composed of several subsystems: Mechanical, Electronic, and Computer Control The integration and interface among those subsystems is

essential

Mechatronics is about the synergistic integration of mechanical, electrical, and computer systems

Mechatronic Systems are at the high-end of technolgy