MEDICALSTUDENTS’CENTRE,SASSOONROAD,

HONGKONG.

VOLUME1 NO.9 OFFICIALPUBLICATIONOFTHE MEDICALSOCIETYH.K.U.S.U. 15TH SEPTEMBER,1969

EDITORIALPROFESSIONAL INTEGRITY

ThreemonthsagowewitnessedagroupofnewdoctorsleavingtheUniversity.Nowwearewelcomingournewblood.Fiveyearsisnolongtime.SoonthesenewmembersoftheFacultywellalsobewitnessedtobeingqualifiedduringthishalfdecade,butwhatelse?

Aimingatbeingqualifiedmeanspainstakingwork.Indeedadoctor’slifeisnecessarilyanindustriousvocation,anda medicalstudentistopreparehimselfbystudyinghardduringhisundergra.duatecourse.Butdowestudybecausequalificationisoursoleambi.tion,ourfinalgoal?Farfromthat.It canbecertainthatqualificationqualificationisbutameanstoanend.What,then,isthatend?Wealth?Prestige?Orisitsomevirtuethatliesdeepineveryhumanheart?Theeditor’sviewisthatwemuststudywithanideal,andouridealshouldbeprimarilytoserveourfellowmen.“Patients’needs,how.everdemanding,mustalwaysbecompassionatelyreceived,becausetheonlyreasonforourbeingdoctorsisthatwehavethewillandthepowertoserve.”5Weareheretolearnhowtoofferservice,nothowtobeserved.It isimportantthatthenew-cornersintotheFacultyshouldrealizethispoint,forwithoutthisreahzation,hiscareercanbemadepurposeless,orevenbemisled.It isthroughservicethatwetrytofulfilthesecondpartoftheGreatCommandment:“Thoushaltlovethyneighbourasthyself.”ThemedicalstudentisuniqueinthatoncehestepsintotheFaculty,hejoinsaprofessionthatdemandshighintegrityaswellasunity.AlthoughthesevirtuesarenotrespectedbymanyinHongKong,theyarenevertheless,essentialforthemaintenanceofnoblenessnoblenessoftheprofession.Trueenough,studentsallovertheworldwanttoherevolutionaryinthisnewera,butnostudentcanoverthrowthesevirtu”sandyetbecomeagooddoctor.“Todayourprofessionprofessionistroubledbyaparadox.Increasingly,wedazzletheworldbyourscientificachievements;butwehaveanuncomfortableanxietythatwemaybelosingpublicesfeem.”Why?It isbecausemanydonotrespectintegritytosocietyortopatients,andmanydonotpreserveunityamongcolleagues,makingtheprofessiondivided.Cultivationofvirtuesbestbeginswiththenewmedicalstudentwhoisstillfreshandapparentlyuninvolved.Success,however,liesverymuchontheindividualstudent.Letushopesoontheprofessionwillbeasunitedasbefore,andbrotherlyloveexistbetweenallmembers,evenbetweenteachersandstudents;andletprobitycontinuestoprevailastobeartestimonytoTheOathofHippocrates.

SirJamesHowie,B.M.J.July12,1969.

CLASS NEWSGraduateNewsHouseOfficerAppointment(from1stJdy

QueenMaryHospitalHouseOfficerMedicine(University)Medicine(Government)

Paediatrics—Surgery(University)—Surgery(Government)—OrthopaedicSurgery—Gynaecology(Universiy)QueenElizabethIlospital

HouseOfficer—Medicine—Paediatrics- Surgery- OrthopacdicSurgeryNeurosurgery(iynaecologyObstetrics

IsanYukHospital[louseOfficer—Obstetrics

SaiYingPoonHospitalHouseOfficer—Infectious[)iseases

NetharsoleHospitalHouseOfficer—Medicine- Surgery

(Iynaecology—Obstetrics

TheFraternityCommittee(session(session1969-1970)oftheMedicalSocietywaselectedon 11thAugustattheMedicalCouncilMeeting.Thenewofficersare:AdministrativeOfficer;LamWahKit;Education&InformationInformationOffice:Ng WingWan,Gregory:andDevelopmentOfficer:Officer:HoChungYin.Andrew.TheHon.SecretaryIncorporatedIncorporatedisSiuYumKeung.

ThefirstprogrammearrangedistomeetournewbloodattheFreshmenInformationServiceinthePhysiologyTheatreon29thAugustafternoon.Of the120freshmen,105turnedup.Thesupportfromthe‘oldblood’wasalsoconsiderable.About50ofthemcametohelpinthewholeprogramme.

Immediatelybeforethedaysprogramme,informationsheetsandcopiesofCaduceusweredistributeddistributedtothefreshmen.Theinformationsheetsincludedlistsof namesof Professorsandotherstaffofthe3 PreclinicalDepartments,listsof textbook.listsofnamesfromwhomtheycouldget2ndhandmicroscopesandskeletons.etc.

Armsa

General

AssemblyOwingto inabilityof the

8 MedicalSocietiesofindiaand3 Singaporetoorganisethe4th4 GeneralAssemblyoftheAsian8 RegionalMedicalStudentsAs.3 sociationthisyear,newsofwhich3 arrivedatthelastmoment,the3 HongKongUniversityMedical

32 Societyhasagreedtohostthe4thGeneralAssemblyinHong9 KongtobeheldintheMedical

5 Centre,SassoonRoadfrom20thto27thSeptember,1969.

4 SincetheSocietssillhavelit-tIctimeandlimitedfinancialre2

re2 sourcestoorgarlisethemeeting.4 theGeneralAssembly‘viiihe34 restrictedinscaleandonlyone

delegatefromeachofthesevenS membercountries,inadditionto

theA.R.M.S.A.executives,s’,illbeinvited.ThemainemphasiswillbetochartthecourseofA.R.M.S.A.nextyea,,

2. OtherClanNewsBoth2ndand1styearselectednewclasscommitteesjustbefore

theirholidays.Namesofthenewclasscommitteesareasfollows:2ndYr.

Mr.WilliamTamMissSylviaChenMr.SiuYumKeungMr.AuWingFaiMr.AmbroseNgMr.WongChunChungMr.MaYuetTaiMissLilyChenMr.WongChunChungMissMargaretKwan

1stYr.MissAnneMarie

RodriquesMr.ShamTakCheongMr.WooChiWaiMr.LiuWoonTimMissEileenAu

Mr.ChoiWaiWartMissJulietLau

LW.K.)

Theday’sprogrammebeganbyanintroductoryspeechfromtheChairmanoftheFraternityCommittee.Thena seriesofspeechesweredeliveredbyProfessorProfessorCheng.ourHon.Advisor,Mr.WongKwokKee,ourChairman,Chairman,Mr.StephenNg,ourSocialSocialSecretary,andMr.GregoryNgoftheFraternityCommittee.respectively.TheirtalkstouchedonvariousaspectsofourUniversityUniversitylife,fromserioustopicslikeUniversityteaching,UnionandMedicalSocietystructure,tolighttopicssuchassocialactiviMEET

activiMEET THE NEW BLOOD

ProJesorClienggivingafewwordsofwisdom.

ties.Afterallthesespeeches,thefreshmenweredividedintosmallgroups,eachunder2 seniors.Guidedtoursaroundthecampusfollowed,andtheday’sprogramineprogramineendedingroupdiscussiondiscussionandlightrefreshmentattheMedicCanteen.

ThecomingprogrammeforthefreshmenwillbeapicnictoCheungChauon19thSeptember.AnyoneinterestedpleaseassembleassembleattheFerrytoOutlyingDistrictsDistrictsat8.30a.m.onthatday.

(L.W.K.)

to31stDecember‘69)number IT ALL HAPPENED

ON A FINE

total

total

EVENING WHEN...

totalGrandtotal

.883

STOP PRESS

ClassRepresentativiHon.SecretaryHon.TreasurerSocialCommittee

SportsCaptains

NEW UNION

PRESIDENTTheFirstBy-electionGeneral

Meetingfortheby-electionoftheUnionPresidentwasheldonthe8thSeptember,at5.30p.m.intheLokeYewHall.Afteraquestioningperiodof 1 hour,Mr.JohnTsuiwaselectedipsofactoasournewUnionPresident.President.

(Y.C.)

morethanonehundredmedicalstudentswenton alaunchpicnictoLammaIsland,on5thSeptember,1969.Thosewhowerepresentlaughedthehoursawaywithgameslike

1)uck-Catching’.Bingo.luLkydraw. . . itwasnotuntilabout10p.m.thatallonboardsetfootonthesoilofHongKongIslandagain.

(C.M.)

Page2 CADUCEUS

SCHOLAR OF SINCERITY AND WISDOM

— Our Prof. Francis Chang by Tom

It isgreatforonetofinsakeone’swealthinordertoI.e riausterity.Butit isequallsadmirableadmirableforonenottopursueafterwealtheventhoiiehonein thepositionto, ProfessorFrancis(‘hangcamefromapoorfamily.Hehadbeenstrugglinowithpovertyall throughhisschoolyears.ButheneverssRhedRhedtosellhisknowledgeforfameormoney.Hesethismindearlyinlifetobecomea scholar.Tobeatruescholarisnottobluff.lobbyandshouldhavenoothermundaneambitions.Heshouldcheckhismannerismandmaintainmaintainhisintegrityundereverssituation.Inordertoaccomplishhishope,hehadnohesitationtoaccepta universitylifeafterhisyearsof studyat homeandabroad.A universityoffersno

f irtunehutonisssork \\‘orkforstudentsandssorkfortheinterestof manknd—thatisthetruemeanrneof academicdedication

\\ThenProfessorChangfirste..rneintothisUniversityinAugust1955.therev.ereonls12dissectiontablesandaround60students.Therewerenoanatomsmuseumor anyteachingmaterialmaterialwhatsoever.Practicallsspeaking.theUniversitygasehimnothingtostartwith.

Inordertofacilitatethestudents’students’dissection.Professor(‘hangssrotethedissectionmannuamannuals, ‘AhichspeakofanatomyinthesimplestFnglishandgisestudentsappropriateemphasi’‘AhichisnoteasytograspotherDrass

otherDrassingsweremadesuchthat

lecturesarcnolongerakintolisteningtotapesof erds.Theygo.estudentescelientsisualaids.Studentmayforgetv.hatevertheteachermashavetaught.thesimpiempiediagramsaissavslea’.etheirimpression.

‘l’hegreatestta-4undertookhsProfessorChangsS.15thees-es-hIshment of the anatomvmuseum.It needStremendousmanpossertodo.illthedissectiondissectionandlotsofthinkingtodevicedeviceit. Fvervspecimenistohaveastorstotellandtellitintelligihisintelligihis.Nossonderitisoneofthemuseums‘Ahichismostvisitedvisitedbyytudents.It isrecognizedtobeoneofthemostsuccessfulanattamvmusenrnamongSouthFastAsia.althoughmostofthemaremuchlargerincize.

Anotherenterpriseengagedin

recentyearsbyProftssorhang5tontegrategrossanatomyandhistology.It isthusarrangedthatstudentscanha’.cbetterinsightandmoreorientatedin theirstudy.It isapitythatProfessor(‘hangshouldleaveusnowthatthisssorkwillremaininandcment.irdcment.irstage

Asateacehr.Professor(‘hangisthemostcelebratedoneamonghiscolleagues.Youalsvavsssonderonderhossmtichwisdomandhumourhumourcanoneputintoa dullsubjectthata studentcansithackandabsorbedimperceptibly.

P1ofessor(‘hangticlievesthatit isdedicationratherthanprofoundprofoundknowledgethatmakesone’steachingsuccessful.Everynewsear,liehastore-dedicatehimselftoa newclassof studentsstudentssothathisstudentsmaylearnprofitablyunderhim.UnfortunatelyUnfortunatelyhehasasmallstaffsothatclosersupervision.andguidancebecamealmostimpossible.mpossible.Moreoverthe changerateofhisstaffisgreatandcoordination

coordinationamongstaffbeComesdifficult,atdieexpenseofsIn-dents’benefit.

Professor(hangisgenuinelyfondofstudents.Hewillnotshrugoffhisdutywhena studentstudentshouldfailhissubject,huttliatseniorstudentsandhisclass-ni’iatesarealSoheldresponsible,If astudenthasbeenneglectinghisstudies,whynotadvicesandgoodcompanyare(iflered?If hegetsstuckinhiswork.‘A-hereonearthheshouldobtainhelp?Itshouldlietimethatteachersandstudentsshouldworkclosertogethertogetherthattheymighthelpeachother.Atthisjuncture,dueiccommendationiccommendationisgiventotheattemptedattemptedeffortofthestudentstosetupa fraternityorganizationamongthemselves.ThisprovesthatstudentsareIrvingtodotheirpartofwork.Perhapsitishightimefortheteachingstafftootojoininactively.It isa factthatmanystudentsstudentsneedfinancialhelpinorderordertomaketheirlifeeasierduringduringtheirUniversityyears.Agoodhursarysystemiseminent-Isnecessary.Fromhisownexperience.experience.ProfessorChangbelies-esbelies-esthataperiodofhardshipisall verynecessaryfortheformationofarighteouscharacter.character.Hehopesthatmayanybursarybursaryhenotabletodepriveanstudentofhisspiritofstruggle,

ManystudentsleaveHongKongaftertheirgraduation,Professor(‘hangsaidthatyouthsof hisdayswouldchoosetoservetheirowncountrywithoutasecondthought.Butnowadayssshenone’schoiceisover-ruledbyone’sdesiretobefreefromexecutionandthatspellsnomorechoice.

ProfessorChangwillbeleavingleavingHongKonginthemiddleofSeptemberforNewZealand.Butyearsofhardworkinthisuniversityuniversityhasexhaustedmuchofhisenergyandambition,andhewishestospendtherestofhislifeinreadingandwriting.

Fora manwhohasbeenspendinghislifeinsimplegoodnessgoodnessandguidedbysimpletruth,wecanhardlyepressouradmiration,admiration,especiallyforhisdedicationdedicationtoteaching.Nowthatheisleavingus,weallwishhimahonvoyageandahappysettlementsettlementinNewZealand.

CorrespondenceDearEditor,

LivinginanadvancesocietylikeHongKong,peopleare

j ‘spoiled’bythemanynewinventionsinventionsthataimatmakinglifeeasyforus.Takea verypracticalexample,themotorcars,theyhavebecomesocommonthatevenanaveragemedicalstudentcanaffordtobuyone.

It facilitatesitsownertogettothelecturetheatreorQMHinspiteoftherushhouroftheday.It protectstheownerfromrainandheat(‘?).It facilitatesitsownertodateagirlandaboveallitgivesitsownerasenseofsuperiority.Haven’tyouheardthe‘thunderingroar’of newsportscarsorwhatnotastheyrushupthecardrivewhileyouarehavingyourPharmacologyorPhysiologylecture?Godblessourtympanicmembranes!

In returntothefineservice,thecarofamedicalstudentwitha specialparkingpermitISallowedtoparkin theSasson

OldChineseteachingleadsustobelie’.ethatfore’.ervgooddeedthereisagoodressard.Withcurrentsenseofs..uc.re,sardsimplicatewealth,fameandpower.Paradoxically,such‘re’Aards’moreoftenfollossmisdeedsthangoodones.Perhapssuchressardsarenolongerinthehandsofthesimple.humbleandhonestpeople.Butinthesepeopletherereminstheheartofadmirationfor‘inccreper-sons.Tothem‘Acofferourhumblegift:respectandlose.

A NEW and outstandingly effective topical steroids . -

On s k i n irsn ii=-itc i ii exce I sTradeMark• specificallydevelopedto providemaximumeffectivenesson the skin• unusuallyrapidimprovementevenin somepreviouslyresistantcases

Propadermisindicatedinpsoriasis,eczemaofvarioustypes,andotherconditionswhichrespondtotopicalapplicationofananti-inflammatorysteroid

PropadermOintmentcontains0.025%of beclomethasonebeclomethasonedipropionateinablandnon-aqueousbase.PropadermCreamcontains0.025%ofbeclomethasonebeclomethasonedipropionateinablandoilinwateremulsion.Propaderm-AOintmentcontains0.025%ofbeclomethasonebeclomethasonedipropionateand3.0%ofaureomycinBPinablandnon-aqueousbase,

Propaderrn-COintmentcontains0.025%ofbeclomethasonebeclomethasonedtpropionateand3.0%ofclioquinolinablandnon-aqueousbase.Propaderm-CCreamcontains0.025%ofbeclometha.sonedipropionateand3.0%ofclioquinolina blandoilinwateremulsion.AllPropadeimpreparationsareavailableintubesof15and50grammes.

ORAPID,

ORAPID,EFFECTIVEPROPADERMaproductofBritishresearchPropadermisaTradeMarkofALLEN & HANBURYS LIMITED LONDON E2

1 Fullinfom8tiononrequestContinuedonpage3

CADUCEUS Page3

A MODEL OF PAVLOW'S DOG

HistoricalBackgroundIn1940,Pavlovfirstdescribed

hisclassicalexperimentonconditionalconditionalreflex.Afterexteriorizedtheparotidductofhisdogs,heattemptedtomeasuretheeffectofstimulationbycollectingthesaliva.Thedogwasfirstgivenfoodandmadetowater.Thiskindofstimulus,asit canalwaysalwaysevokeacertainresponsebytheanimal,evenwithoutpreviouspreviouslearningisknownasunconditionalunconditionalstimulus.Thedogwasthengivena newstimulus(theconditionalstimulus)whichisshowninitiallytohavelittleeffectuponsalivarysecretion,e.g.ringingabell,atfirstalone,andthentogetherwiththeunconditionalunconditionalstimulus.Later,whenthebellisrung,italoneissufficientto causethedogtosaliva.Suchanreflexisknownastheconditionalreflex.

However,if theconditionalstimulusisrepeatedlypresentedwithouttheunconditionalstimulus,stimulus,thestrengthof theconditionalconditionalreflexprogressivelydecreasesdecreasesuntilitultimatelydisappears.disappears.A conditionknownasexperimentalextinction.Ontheotherhand,whentheconditionalandunconditionalstimuliarepresenttogethereithersimultaneouslysimultaneouslyorwitha shorttimeintervalbetweenthematregulartimeaftertheestablishmentoftheconditionalreflex,itwilllastfora longtime.Thisprocedureiscalledreinforcement.

SymbolicLogicTheconditionalreflexis a

simplebiologicalbehaviorthatcaneasilybeimitatedbymathematicalmathematicalmeans.Beforediscussingtheactual

model,letusfirstacquireour-selfofsometerminologyusedinsymboliclogics.

ANDgateisrepresentedas:Imput

A B

Outputmditstruthtibleis

A BA1—B0 0 01 0 0o 1 01 1 1

t willonlyconductwhenbothmputarepositive.

ORgateisrepresentedas:Imput

A B‘I

Output

anditstruthtableisA BA’_’Bo 0 01 0 1o 1 11 1 1

Itwillconductwhenoneorbothoftheimputarepositive.

DULPLTCATEgateisrepresentedrepresentedas:

Imput

2I

OutputTheoutputsarethesameastheimputbothin amplitudeandphasebutmerelythenumberisincreasedbytwo.

DELAYgateisrepresentedby:Imput

OutputThegatewillcontinuetoconductforafixedperiodoftimewheneverwheneverasignalisfedtoit.

THEMODELUsingthevariousgatesmentioned

mentionedabove,wecanmimicconditionalconditionalreflexbythefollowingcircuit:

(I) Whenonlytheunconditionalunconditionalstimulusisgiven,theoutputoutputwillbepositive.Thisisthesameastheordinaryunconditionalunconditionalreflex.

(2) Whenonlytheconditionalconditionalstimulusisgiven,boththesignalreachingtheORgateisnegative,andsonooutput.

(3) However,whentheconditionalconditionalstimulusis giventogethertogetherwiththeunconditionalstimulus,theoutputfromANDgateI willbepositive.Whenthissignalisfedtothe—DELAYgate,it willmakeit toconductfora definitelengthof time.Thatistosay,themodelhaslearnttheconditionalstimulus.

Now,ifonlytheconditionalstimulusstimulusisgiven,ANDgateHwillalsoconductasitreceivessignalbothfromthestimulusandfromtheDELAYgate.A signalwillappearattheoutput.ThisisthesameastheconditionalreflexreflexinPavlov’sdog.

(4) Afterashorttime,whentheDELAYgateisnolongerconductingtheresultof signalfromtheANDgateI, theapplicationapplicationof conditionalstimulusalonewillcausenoresponseinWheretheunconditionalstimulustionalstimulusbyB.

It iswellknownthatskincancercancerismorefrequentlyfoundinfairskinpeoplelivinginsunnyclimate,and experimentally.ultra-violetlighthasbeenshowntobeabletoinduceskincancerinanimals.It isnowgenerallyacceptedthatultravioletirradiationirradiationis an importantetiologyfactorof skincancer.ThemechanismthroughwhichtheU.Vlightactisstillfarfrombeingknown.

It hasbeennoticedthatcollagencollagendegenerationofthedermisisfrequentlyassociatedwithskincancer.Thisassociationwasinvestigatedinvestigatedbycontrolledstudiesinagroupof67patientssufferingsufferingfrombasalcellcarcinoma.Theage,sex,complexion,eyecolour,haircolour,sunsusceptaOpiate

susceptaOpiatedrugsareoftenabusedaspleasure-givingdrugs.Opiateaddictsmaypresentthefollowingfollowingmajormedicalcomplications:

Overdose,Hepatitis,Endocarditis,Endocarditis,Septicpulmonaryembolism,embolism,Pneumonia.AbscessesandCellulitis.Tetanus,ThrombophletbitisThrombophletbitisandperforationofthenasalseptum.

Overdoseisthemostfrequentlyfrequentlyencounteredcomplication.Thepatientischaracterisedbyveryslowrespiratoryrateorapnoeaandconstrictedpupilswhichrespondsluggishlytolight.Feverandleukocytosisaresometimesfoundwithoutanybacterialsuperinfection.Stillinsomepatients,andinmostfatalcases,thereisacutepulmonary

theoutput.Aconditionsimilartoextinction.

(5) However,whentheconditionalconditionalandunconditionalstimulistimuliaregivenagainbeforetheDELAYgateceasetoconduct,theresponseof themodeltoconditionalstimuluswill belengthenedbytwo,justasthereinforcementinPavlov’sDog.Theabovecircuitcanalsobeexpressedasfollow

F(A—B)r-B]AisrepresentedbyA andthecondiBasal

condiBasalCell Carcinomability,degreeofexposuretothesun,siteof thecarcinoma,degreedegreeofdermalcollagendegenerationdegenerationinthecoveredandexposedexposedpartsof theskinwerealltakenintoconsideration.

Theresultswerethatintheyoungagegroup,basalcellcarcinomacarcinomadidnotseemto berelatedtodermalcollagendegeneration.degeneration.Thebasalcellcarcinomacarcinomaoccurredmorecommonlycommonlyonexposedpartsofskin,yetthedermalcollagendegenerationwasnotgreaterthanthatinacontrolgroupofsimilarage.Inthemiddle-agedpatients,thecarcinomaoccuredpredominantlypredominantlyonexposedparts.Therewereoftenassociatedhyperkeratosis.Dermalcollagendegeneration

congestionwhichpresentsarapidornormalrespiratoryratetogetherwithdiffuserales.

Hepaticdysfunctionisanothervery commoncomplication.LiverfunctiontestoftenrevealsabnormalityandliverbiopsyshowslymphocyticinfiLtration.It iscurrentlythoughtthatthechronicliverdysfunctionisduetoa riseintransaminasevalueswithoutconcomitantabnormalitiesabnormalitiesinotherparametersofhepatichepaticfunction.

EndocarditisinopiateaddictsaremostlyduetoStaphylococci,Candida,Gram-yeentencbacteriabacteriaandenterococci.In mostcasesit involvespreviouslynormalheart.If it involvestherightsideof theheart,it may

(orrespoiidenceContinuedfrompage2

RoadMedicalStudents’Centre.Evenso,veryoftenthannot,itsownerisfarfrombeingabletoprotectit fromthe‘hazards’ofparkingacarattheroadside.Haven’tyouseena fine,newlypolishedcar decoratedwith‘blessings’fromabovewherethesparrowsdwell?Aboveall,haven’tyouseena tallleanfigureorashortplumpcharacterstaringhopelesslyat his‘exhausted’‘exhausted’carwhose‘legs’simplyrefusetostandtipbecauseoftheinterferenceof Mr. Un-known?Poorsoul,hisheartmustbeburningwithangerandanxiety!

Thereseemstobea‘gang’of‘tyre-defiaters’around.So,beonthelook-outthen,well-offFirst-year-Medical-students-to-be,whoknowswhichpopularguywillbethenextvictim.

YoursTruly,TheCar-lover

Ed:Tyre—deflationhasbecomebecomea popularsportamongmedicalstudentsespeciallywhentheyarehavingsomegrievancestovoice(insilence).Sharedthecar-ownerspayforthe‘game’orlet’sgivethenaughtyonehis

I duenexttime?

wascloselyrelated,therebeingmuchmorecollagendegenerationdegenerationin thedermisofexposedskinthancoveredareas,butthedegenerationwasbynomeansmoreseverearoundthesiteofthe carcinomathanexposedpartselsewhere.Lesionsinthesepatientsoccasionlyoccuredoncoveredpartsoftheskinandinthesecases,therewerenocollagencollagendegeneration.Intheelderlyelderlypatients,findingsweresimilartothatofthemiddle-agedgroup.

Thoughthisstudydidnotprovetherelationshipof solarbasalcellcarcinomaanddermalcollagendegenerationasoneofcauseandeffect,it didfirmlyestablishtheintimaterelationshipbetweenthetwo.

giveriseto septicpulmonaryembolism.Thisis especiallycommonfor staphylococcusaureus.

Septicembolicpneumoniaisoftenverysevereandfatal,thoughitmustbeborneinmindthatnotallpneumoniainopiateaddictsareembolic.It isfoundthattheopiateaddictsarepredisposedpredisposedtobacterialpneumoniaacquiredthroughthe upperrespiratorytract.

Performationof the nasalseptumisnowrareandmaybefoundinthosepatientswhosnuffeitherheroinorcocaine.

Syphiliticfalse-yetestsmayalsobefoundinopiateaddicts.

(AKW

— an attempt to imitate life

—by symbolic I ogic by F. W.

Atthesametime,wecanalsoillustratetheaboveconditionsbytruthtableasfollows:

Imput Output

A B A—B (A—B)(Ar—B)—,B(AB)B(1) 1 0 0 0 0 1(2) 0 1 0 0 0 0(3)a. I 1 1 1 1 1

h. 0 1 0 1 1 1(4) 0 1 0 0 0 0

(1) Whenonlyunconditionalstimulusisgiven(2) Whenonlyconditionalstimulusisgiven(3) a.Bothconditionalandunconditionalstimuliaregivenh.Sometimelater,onlyconditionalstimulusisgiven(4) After(3)a.butatatimegreaterthanthetimeconstantof

theDELAYgate.theconditionalstimulusisgiven

MEDICINE TODAY

The Associationof ProlongedSolar Exposurewith

UnvoidttionaICondi*,A.galSti.nlu.A

Medical Complicationsof opiates

Page4 CAOUCEUS

針

灸

學

香港大學醫學會邀請釘天佑醫師演述針灸學

講詞如下：針灸起源

針灸學是中國所發明的，這是無司異議·、但

發明於何年，卻是無從稽考，有久推測是古久，

在無音）中，一點一滴的發現，經過若干千百年，

及後人的繼續研究，時至今口，然後成為有系統

有秩序的針灸治療。有書可考的，首推一．黃帝內

經一，發口中叔述黃帝與歧伯的問對fflj成書。若針

灸真是始於黃帝，則針灸當有五千多年的歷史了

。我去年到南韓訪問針灸界，據說他們的針灸是

中國傳來的，也已有三千年的歷史了；由此說來

，中國針灸有五千年的壁史是可相信的事實。但

據中醫老據，一黃帝內經二書，是出於戰國時

代，使人懷疑．內經一非黃帝時代的著作，或為

後人著作，綴託黃一帝之名云；或是黃帝時代作品

，到戰國時方有久出版汰祕藏--s木，以公諸驕世

，亦未叮料。

-

針灸學的組織

A斗做經一，B叫做一穴一，c劍法，D

灸法，么上四項馬親哎針吳學的因素1'l堅叫做

一．經匕？一經一就是神經的辭徑·計神共有計四

條經；每一惆內喊器官都仃一條經，如心肺吁脾

腎為五臟，加上一個心包路，便哎六臟，各佔一

降經，又加上五腑那便是佻、胃、大腸、小腸、

徬統，又加上個三焦腑，便成1編咖，各佔一條

經（中瀉解釋．.焦是臟腑問的神一私叔級，包括淋

巴系統在內．么）此外將前正中總嗎、任豚，

體援正中線為、何脈，共稱為卜四親他卜四

紅並不徒嘆無實物的（乃是有神縱的玲徑的，．氾

些神經物州徑是否興西將神訓學的神經系統相J.zJ,

這有待刊位瀉界學者去州究了。

州壓併做穴一電·一穴二按邢占）、方么縫

施針用美約認左：門穴舛的仰稈，佻縫。J-

針灸點的地方，抑茫陷F去的，如兩縫，吸門徒

，甚至付L的穴位，也仃，J．陷川點，或小鵑溝的

，神經徒碳在湯轟中件枕是古，、一你、。的念lLl.

乙按今”約說止，一枕以化仲謀的便鼴l點緣條經

的穴位，多少也有‘中圳，但汀綴中的，/：位，都仃

反應的木能，抑、紅的人位·多能抬·娥木經一贓器

的病，但亦仰州其他經有關的病。每一經的穴位

，不是全線抑有論療的高級力量，也有只有次等

力量的。所馴抬病選穴，須有高深經驗，然後能

收速愈的功效。

十四經中的穴共有三百一h十五們正穴，此外

只有後人發明的穴，不列在十四經裹面的，名叫

蘇天佑

一經外奇穴化，這些穴位都有奇效的能力，只治

一兩種疾病的兀氾種經外奇穴也有幾十個，但普

迪常用的，只有十多二十個。正穴中的三百六十

五個，較常用的，不超過二百個左右。

針是金屬製品，但與縫衣針和注射針不同·

古代最早是用石針，所謂石針是用玉石製成的，

但仍嫌它粗，後有久用竹造針，所謂竹針·乃是

用老竹頭，削戊幼釗，可免折斷之弊，後來發明

鐵器，然後用燉製造。今口物頁進步，戰前採用

普通鋼線，戰後採用不誘鋼線，既幼小，堅紉，

有力而不易折斷，普一迎听用的租度tl式拾捌號到

參拾式號線；長度Itljll分到四才符針鋒挽利，

組幼皆不刺痛，長規的使用，是視乎穴位l']{）深攤

，患老的肥疲而定。

但有一州原則，忱是任何穴位不能觸及體內任河

部份。以h是亳針用汰另仃．任名呼一徒川，

作用是放血。鳥：尼川艾絨放在穴位L，川火燃若，使熱

勾向此神經而傳士祖識以，眉療疾病的）]’法。古畸

莢么·以仃向按抓、．種；直接灸的好嘰）是功效大

，但練。吃是比較痛地iul]且卞徒會價卜一個小疤

痕。近代針灸界恕出許多問抗灸的）;’汰，如隔蘊

灸，將艾放在薑片L，待熱、將萬州卜）]’放在穴

上灸之n又有針上灸，劉刺入穴援，在tl柄L放

艾燒之。此外還有溫炙離，用器需艾閑布嘆穴

各種閒接灸，可按適應症而應川之，但效能總不

如直接灸的好處庭接灸有臟器的功能、仃起死

回生的力量。由于以卜四項的紙合，就戊為劉美併

三、針灸治病的原理

針術屬於器織刺激，美而喝）)'=’熱）刺激，統

被稱為物理治繚lj，因引滌痲（么縫平）l藥物的

。最近有位針灸家彼一者訪川時，他義表l)．卜的

一段談話：不人體是一們屯了攤以，將內神縱是

電線，大腦是發電總橙，電波從神輝綜到達各臟

腑，分配調和，柄環不息，人體健康便良好，反

之，任何一個臟腑電流失調，那部份l't'）神經便受

影晌，不是衰弱，便是l}而過度敏感或不寮，疾

病因此而生。。甩也茫有逍理的。釗灸病病的通

理是刺激神經。身體不論任何部份奘生疾病，該

部神經就失去正常的作）j]，川釗刺激該部神經，

該神經就能恢復止常作用，疾病就消除J’。在我

】二十年臨林經驗中，神經有一種木性，如下：假

如神經痙攣，用針刺治好了，以後再針幾次，不

會變為癱軟無力，也和正常一樣。假如神經麻痺

,)fj針治好了，繼續再刺幾次，也不會變為痙攣

香港大學學生會

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，也是和正常一樣而已·這是最奇妙一點。有些

人會想到用針刺中神經，是否會傷害神經這

問題，由於針刺術的臨林證明，不但不會傷害神

經，反而令神經恢復正常，這可以是說神經的木

性。又每一個穴位，被外國針灸家稱為反應點，

用針刺這反應點，就是發出一種電波反射到該臟

器，該臟器就會自動調整，使機能恢復正常，疾

病因而治癒。四、針灸的生理作用

刺針對於生理作用有三種：

A興奮作用對於身體各部機能已一哀弱或

痲痺的，使它興奮。例如知覺或運動神經麻痺，

用針刺它；就可以恢復原有的知覺或運動的常態

。又如對於內臟機能衰弱的，就刺激交感神經，

使內臟恢復它的機能。

B制止作用神經興奮，血管擴張以致血

液旺盛（發火）等，針刺可予以鎮靜緩解收縮作

用，而使疾病消除。WlJ如知覺官能旺盛而過敏疼

痛，運動神經機能亢進而痙孿描州等，針灸可使

它緩解。消化器官的異狀亢進的嘔吐F痢，可以

使它鎮靜下來。

c誘導作川遠離病灶，從其它部份刺針

，刺激末梢神經，引導血液F衍的方法，例如對

)jf=’腦充血，就刺激末梢）lop經，擴張末梢部毛細血

管，同時使腦血管收縮。又深部充血或發炎的時

候，就刺針在淺的部份，以引導血液，使它煉散

。以上三種作用，是刺激神經，對生

理發生的變化，因而治癒疾病。

五救治對生理的作用

枚的原料是艾絨，這種原料是從野生植物屬

菊t1．的艾草的葉中取得，葉底有一叢I:1毛，晒乾

後便哎為絨，按中國醫物考說。它是味苦無窮⋯

：···！灸百病，能？迪十二經血氣，能回垂絕之元陽

⋯⋯生還有．種好處，可以稱為--n無毒的燃料

放在肌肉上燒的時候，當然有痛，但火熄後，

皮J6’為上沒有痛感，縱然後來有微菌侵入，署會

化膿，但也不會發炎或擴大。巡就是無毒的證明

至於艾的熱力，日木彆學家曾試川鵝蛋般大的

艾絨，放置在水銀槽l.燃燒，它的熱度竟達攝氏

表三百六十度以上·當時曾用家蒐試驗，灸的結

果是能增加血球，七以白血球為甚；血管擴張，

血壓增高，體溫增加，血液及淋巴循環旺嘰，摻

111物的吸收等，又能ll'l：接制lI：神經痛。艾灸的刺

激作）lJ，也有亡種。1、為誘導刺激，此lll古之

所謂一土病下取匕，例如跟部及胸部有病，可灸

手足。而他接刺激伏，在有病的郃份，施直接救

汰，能治痛症發炎，浮腫麻痺等症。3、反射刺

激，內臟有病，艾灸背邵交感神經，反射入內臟

，疾病因以治癒。

艾灸汰有多種，正式的古汰，尼取他接灸一

，其他問按灸汰，功效較輕，但若要救回生命·

治急症，頑病，非直接灸不為功了。

艾灸除了能治病之外，還有一種殺菌作用。

此種作用，並非直接入體內殺菌，乃是增加體溫

，增加血球，興奮神經，這樣便增加了身體上的

I'1然療能和抵抗力，身體內既有不適合細菌生存

的條件和環境，細似自然消滅，中醫療伙，多注

爪增強身體的抵抗力以消滅細菌。但假如細菌在

表皮創口或肌肉，可以直接灸在創口；也可以直

接殺菌的。六針灸能冶什靈病

普通人對針灸的認識以為針灸只能治些頭痛

、胄痛、風濕等症，這樣，對針灸的認識太膚淺

而估價太低了。其實針灸能治人身百病，百份之

八十以上，尤其那些藥物不能治的病，針灸多能

治癒，否則在這醫學昌明的時代，早已被淘汰了

風濕是很普通的疾病，用藥治療，很難根治

，但在針灸治療，不論是神經性，肌肉性，均能

很容易地治療痊癒。其次是神經性痛症，不論在

身體任何部份，一律很簡單及容易治療。茲將一

部份藥物所難治的頑症一提。頭腦病如神經錯亂

，瘸症、血壓高、腦出血的半身不遂，失眠、偏

頭痛等。顏面病如三叉神經痛，顏面神經麻痺或

痙攣。眼科如慢性淚囊炎，眼瞼下垂，夜盲症等

。淋巴系統病如甲狀腺腫，痺瘀。呼吸器官如常

患傷風、感冒症或冷氣病、肺結核、哮喘。心病

如神經性心跳，神經性狹心症。肋部的肋間神經

痛。消化器官如胃腸神經痛、胃下垂、盲腸炎、

便秘等。祕尿器有如糖尿病、膀胱麻痺、小兒遺

尿、萎縮腎、慢性腎臟炎的水腫。啼科病如月經

困難、子宮痙攣、子宮下垂、產後四肢麻痺、

性冷感。兒科病如夜驚症，慢性消化不良（疳積

)，初生兒破傷風，小兄驚厥（急驚風），嬰兒

哇瀉症（慢驚風），急性脊髓前角炎（小兒麻痺

）等。手足疾患如關節神經痛，三角肌麻痺，坐

骨神經痛，槳液性膝關節炎（鶴膝），缺乏維他

命症如腳氣。傳染病如肺癆，霍亂，流行性惑冒

，還有瘧疾及脾腫大等。以上諸症，都有特效。

但其中也有難治的，那就是發病太久及身體過份

衰弱，或病情已到無可挽救的地步，人力就不能

回天了。此外針灸對急性大量出血及梅毒等病，

皆是無能為力。

七、中國十一時辰

應十二臟腑汰也很奇妙，計二時辰為子、丑

、寅、卯、辰、已、午、未、中、西、戌、亥。

山半夜十一時至一時為子時開始，每兩小時為一

個時辰，類推便可知道十二時的時間。十二時的

臟腑所屬是：子時肌，丑時肝，寅時肺，卯時大

腸，辰時胃，巳時脾，午時心，未時小腸，巾時

膀，酉時腎，戊時心包絡，亥時三焦。儿患病到

某一時特別辛苦的，可以想到是某臟腑有病或是

有關的。也許有人認為這是沒有充份的道理，也

沒有理由叮以解釋的，但中醫是實驗醫學，根據

上法，也會治好很多疾病。

八、關于換臟器的問題

中國醫學上說，心、肝、脾、肺、腎是五臟

，五臟有彼此相連的關係。古說是相生相剋。所

謂生是供給的意思，所謂剋是控

制的意思。那就是說每一個臟器都受其他兩個

臟器所管制。其中一個是控制它，另外一個是洪

給它。這臟器受兩個臟器平衡管制之下，就正常

的運用。假如供給的一方減少了力量，那臟器便

會衰弱下來；假如控制方而失去了力量，那臟器

便會太興奮而至於發炎，或發生其他病變了。就

以換心來說，人被換心以後，為何多數死於肺發

炎呢？根據五臟相關學說，肺是由心控制的，心

既換了，J1llj和新心xI失了聯系，肺便沒有了控制

，而脾是供給肺的機構，仍然不斷的供給力量，

囚而使肺過於興奮而發炎，雖注射抗生素也沒有

功效。患者死於肺炎，死後所換的心仍然良好。

患者死於別的器官生病。可見中國古人所發明的

五臟相關的學說，是值得研究的。它們怎樣相關

，相助和相控制，可以從內分祕方面去想，它們

之問的關係，一定是內分祕作用。我不是西醫，

也沒有解剖人體的臨床經驗，請恕我冒昧講話，

我的目的是在貢獻一點意見。在換器官手衛的時

候，要注意按回一切和該臘器有關的東西。南非

牙醫布萊柏所以成功，或是與心有關的東西，沒

有完全割清，而其他的小關連的東西，可能自動

的接回了，因此得以生存。以上是我的情度·希

望諸位不要見笑。我很希望換器官可以成功，則

人類的壽命和幸福，都是蒙當今醫學界所賜了。

話又說回來，針灸對於換器官有沒有幫助呢

？回答是：不必換。在某器官沒有壞透以前，用

艾直灸與該器官有關的背後交感神經穴位！該器

官就會恢復原有機能而痊癒。我曾治癒多窄症·

久瘧脾腫大症，胃下垂症等。

以上這一段話，並非誇大，其實中醫有許多

有價值的療伕，但可惜不為西方醫學家所重視！

亦隔於語言文字，和抽象的名詞所限，不為西方

醫學界所能暸解而已。一九六九年，一月十七日

本刊第一卷第六期flJ有微生物小詩試譯一首

獻給黃啟鐸教授及讀微生物的同學。編者頃收到

詠微生物大作四篇，首兩篇是以五言排律將原文

另譯，此兩篇韻文諧諷兼備，可稱佳作，茲一併

刊出供諸同好。微

生

物

第一首

渺小微生物

眾雖心裹想

結舌偏居下

斑分七束尾

四十紋成帶

俱非平日觀

應識其如是

五悶儕管田不惑第二首

×

×

第三首

細微生物不難觀

構造組織分層次

生物創造奪天工

宇宙萬物皆堪用

疫菌為厲死人多

來自塵土歸塵土

新的發明連年有

奉勸諸君勤作業 爾難發現之

獨向鏡中窺

叢牙百列奇

點染兩般脂

尋常綠作眉

但教哲人知

原來彼亦斯

奧妙復奚疑

×

×

×

細微生物非難親，

科學日新工日利，

天生萬物俱堪用，

免疫抗苗防疾厲，

自然科學天工輔，

寄語諸君勤作業，電子窺微力倍高，

細胞將見巨如桃。

細菌論功亦可褒·

頻從生化建新勞。

壽世匡時責莫逃·

開來繼往賴賢豪·

×

×作者高執賜

作者伕名

作者老黃

，電子鏡下現纖毫。

，莫道微菌肚裹空。

，形形式式千百種。

，微如細菌盡其勞。

，天地造化各殊途。

，氮化作用演神通。

，都是前人鑽研功。

，開來繼往賴爾曹。