MEDICATIONS FOR INFECTION

Principles of Antiseptic, Disinfectant, & Antimicrobial

Therapy

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Antiseptic

An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Used on skin

9 - 2

Disinfectant

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An agent that rapidly destroys pathogenic microorganisms, thus preventing infection

Used on inanimate objects

Actions of Agents

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Cell wall protein is destroyed; cell death occurs

Cell membrane permeability increases and vital contents leak out; cell death occurs

Metabolism is disrupted; cell death occursCell components become oxidized; cell death

occurs

Antiseptics Disinfectants

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Phenolic agents Alcohols and

aldehydes Acids Iodine and

iodophors Chlorine and

chlorophors

Mercury compounds

Silver compoundsSurface-active

agentsOxidizing agentsChlorhexidine

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Types

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Antimicrobial Therapy

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Original antimicrobials: derived from microorganisms

Newer agents: chemically synthesized Prevent infections..

Overview

Antimicrobial therapy = antibiotic therapyMedication therapy to treat infections

Sources of Infection Bacteria Viruses fungi

Natural or synthetic Selective toxicity

Continual creation of new antimicrobials Changes in DNA or micro-organisms

Supra-infection Normal flora killed by use of an antibiotic

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Antimicrobial Classes

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AminoglycosidesFluoroquinolonesCarbapenemKetolidesSulfonamidesPenicillinsCephalosporinsTetracyclines Macrolides

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Overview

Classifications Microbe susceptibility

Narrow spectrum Broad spectrum

Mechanism of action Bactericidal Bacteriostatic

continued

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Overview

Selection of Antimicrobials Identification of causative agent

Lab testing Sensitivity of the micro-organism to the antimicrobial

Lab testing Host factors

Immune system Site of infection Age of client Pregnancy Combination therapy

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continued

Administering Antimicrobial Agents

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Consider the following: Location of the infecting organism in the body Status of the client’s organ function Age of the client Pregnancy and/or lactation Likelihood of developing organisms resistant to the

antimicrobial agent

Overuse

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Overuse of antimicrobial agents can lead to the development of severely resistant organisms. Promoted the development of organisms that are not

affected by any of the available therapies

Resistant Organisms

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MRSA/VRSA: methicillin/vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

VRE: vancomycin-resistant EnterococcusORSA: oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus

aureus

Overview

Prophylactic use Prevention

Surgery Influenza STD post exposure

Limit use to Prosthetic heart valves – dental or other procedures Recurring urinary tract infections

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