Memorandum SSJ 2012 Printed Version

7/31/2019 Memorandum SSJ 2012 Printed Version

1/22

Sfrbghi Stvdgfs; Kavrihl ae tmf Iartm H`frgchi Sacgftw ear Sfrbghi Stvdgfs 24-82'; 2:4=, 2>8>)

Tmf @fàrhidv` -8=>4' bw tmfOhrlaucg @ftra~algthi Stfuhi Strhtg`graug +

Ulhdgslhu B) Satgraug@woalhs Ra`frgs Vigufrsgtw

Gitradvctgai

Tmf jahl ae tmgs hrtgclf gs ta caisgdfr hid hihlw{f tmf tf}t ae h crgtgchl, bvtmfrftaearf ifjlfctfd dacv`fit hid mgstargchl savrcf ai tmf xvfstgai ae Sfrbghi lgbfrhtgai era` Atta`hi rvlf hid gts ihtgaihl vigegchtgai) Tmf dacv`fitzhs zrgttfi gi 8=>4 dvrgij tmf egrst àitms ae tmf Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgijhjhgist tmf Atta`hi a~~rfssgai) 8

Tmf Sfrbghi ihtgai zhs dgugdfd ht tmf dhzi ae tmf igiftffitm cfitvrw bwtmf bardfrs ae tmf Atta`hi ~hsmhlgos hid bw tmf sthtf eraitgfrs tmht sf~hrhtfdtmf lhids vidfr Atta`hi caitral era` tmasf vidfr tmf Mhbsbvrj F`~grf) Tmfbfjgiigij ae tmf igiftffitm cfitvrw zhs h tvrigij ~agit gi tmf mgstarw ae tmfSfrbs) Era` tmht tg`f tmf àdfri mgstarw ae tmf Sfrbs hid Sfrbgh bfjgis) Tmfbgrtm ae àdfri Sfrbghi mgstarw bfjgis zgtm tmf Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij -8=>483' zmfi, hetfr 36> wfhrs ae Atta`hi rvlf, tmf Sfrbs gi cfitrhl Sfrbgh -g)f),era` tmf hrfh ae tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo ' 2 rasf hjhgist tmf Tvros) Tmgs v~rgsgij zhs tmf àst g`~arthit, bgjjfst, hid àst jlargavs ihtgaihl rfualt gi Sfrbghi mgstarw) Mazfufr, tmgs mgstargchl fufit zhs `fhigijevl iat ailw ear tmfSfrbs zma lgufd zgtmgi tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo , bvt hlsa ear tmf fitgrf Sfrbghi~a~vlhtgai zma lgufd avtsgdf ae tmf ~hsmhlgo hid tmf Atta`hi F`~grf -g)f), gitmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw') Tmfw mhd h sgjigegchit gitfrfst gi tmf ehtf ae tmf gi + Tmgs hrtgclf gs zrgttfi hs h ~hrt ae tmf CAST Hctgai GS>=>3; Rf`hogij Fhstfri Bardfrs giFvra~f; H Iftzaro F}~largij Sacghl, @arhl hid @htfrghl Rflachtgais ae Fvra~fs Fhstfri^frg~mfrgfs) Tmf rfsfhrcm ai tmf ta~gc hid zrgtgij tmf tf}t hrf egihicfd bw tmf CAST Hctgai)8 Ear dgscvssgais ae tmf v~rgsgij, sff @gcmhfl Bara ^ftraugcm, H Mgstarw ae @adfri Sfrbgh8=>4878=, ual) 8 -Ifz Waro; Mhrcavrt Brhcf Kauhiaugcm, 87:5'? Zhwif S) Uvcgigcm, Tmf

Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij 8=>48=83 -Ifz Waro; Calv`bgh Vigufrsgtw ^rfss, 87=2'? MhraldZgllgh` Uh{fgllf Tf`~frlfw, Mgstarw ae Sfrbgh -Ifz Waro; M) Efrtgj, 8757'? ) , 8=>48=83 , ual) 8 -, 8765')2 ^h hlvo gs Sfrbghi ufrsgai ae tmf bgjjfst Atta`hi hd`gigstrhtguf ~raugicf~hsmhlgo) Tmfjaufriar ae h ~hsmhlgo mhd tmf tgtlf ae ^hsmh -gi Sfrbghi, ^h h')


2/22

2= Ulhdgslhu B) Satgraug

svrrfctgai) Hll Sfrbs, fgtmfr era` tmf Atta`hi F`~grf ar tmf Mhbsbvrj @ai

hrcmw, shz tmf gisvrrfctgai hs h ~guathl fufit gi tmf ~racfss ae ihtgaihl lgbfrhtgai hid vigegchtgai zgtmgi tmf bardfrs ae h sgijlf ihtgaihl sthtf) 3 Stfuhi Strhtg`graug , tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi era` 8:7> ta 8=35, hid

tmf mfhd ae tmf Sfrbghi Cmvrcm gi tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw, zhs aif ae tmasfSfrbs drfh`gij hbavt ihtgaihl erffda`, gidf~fidficf, hid vigegchtgai) Mgscrvcghl hid àst gielvfitghl ~algtgchl dgscavrsf ai ihtgaihl f`hicg~htgai hid~algtgchl caisalgdhtgai gs caithgifd gi @fàrhidv` , zrgttfi gi Kvif 8=>4)Mazfufr, mgs cfitrhl ~algtgchl gdfh ae brgijgij tajftmfr hll Sfrbs gita h sgijlfvigtfd ihtgaihl sthtf zhs ifufr rfhlg{fd)

Tmgs hrtgclf ~ra~asfs hiszfrs ta eavr g`~arthit xvfstgais caiifctfd zgtmSrhtg`graug s ~lhi ta lgbfrhtf hid vigtf hll Sfrbs;

8' Vidfr zmgcm ~algtgchl dg~la`htgc cgrcv`sthicfs ae gitfrihtgaihlrflhtgais hid mgstargchl caidgtgais zhs @fàrhidv` zrgttfi1

2' Zmgcm s~fcgegc tfrrgtarw mhd ta bf giclvdfd gita tmf bardfrs ae hihvtaiaàvs Sfrbghi sthtf vidfr Atta`hi sv{frhgitw hid Rvssghi~ratfctarhtf1

3' Zma zhs ta rvlf aufr tmgs sthtf14' Maz g`~arthit zhs tmf @fàrhidv` ta tmf evrtmfr dfufla~`fit

ae Sfrbghi ~algtgchl gdfalajw hid tmavjmt1

Ta dhtf, tmf àst dgstgijvgsmfd f}h`gihtgai ae tmf ta~gc ae tmgs hrtgclfzhs tmht ae ~ratakfrfk St) @) Dg`gtrgkfug gi mgs 8725 baao) 4 Mazfufr, f}cf~tear tmf ehct tmht tmf baao caithgis tmf tf}t ae tmf argjgihl @fàrhidv` , gtsuhlvf ta tmf ta~gc hid `hgi ~rablf`s dgscvssfd gi tmgs hrtgclf gs lg`gtfd) Giatmfr zards, Dg`gtrgkfug dgd iat httf`~t ta ~raugdf hiszfrs ta hiw xvfstgaisrfs~aisguf ta tmf ta~gc ae tmgs hrtgclf) @arfaufr, mf dgd iat hddrfss tmf g`~arthicf ae tmf @fàrhidv` ta Sfrbghi sfcvlhr ihtgaihl gdfalajw sgicf Strhtg`graug s ~lhi zhs sffi bw Dg`gtrgkfug ailw hs h caitrgbvtgai ta tmf dfufla~`fit ae Sfrbghi Cmvrcm gdfalajw) Mazfufr, Dg`gtrgkfug s zaro gis~grfd Sfrbghi mgstarghi aoa @) Slgkf~ fug ta zrgtf gi 8735 tmf baao hbavtStfuhi Strhtg`graug )6 Ifufrtmflfss, gt zhs ~rg`hrglw Strhtg`graug s ~frsaihlgtw hs mfhd ae tmf Sfrbghi ihtgaihl Cmvrcm gi tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw tmht

3 Ear h dgscvssgai ae tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo, sff; ) ,

-8:748=>4' -, 8747') 4 ) ) , , -, 8725') 6 ) ) , , , -, 8735')


3/22

Tmf @fàrhidv` -8=>4' bw tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi Stfuhi Strhtg`graug 27

zhs dfscrgbfd gi tmgs zaro) Slgkf~ fug dfhlt ufrw lgttlf zgtm Strhtg`graug s

~algtgchl gdfhs) Smartlw tmfrfhetfr, Slgkf~fug zratf h rflghblf bgajrh~mw ae Strhtg`graug bvt mgs gitfitgai zhs iat ta dfhl zgtm tmf @ftra~algthis ~algtgchltmavjmt) Egihllw, hiatmfr Sfrbghi mgstarghi, Dg`gtrgkf Rvuhrhc, zratf mgs hccavit ai Strhtg`graug s zaro) Bvt, vieartvihtflw gt zhs ailw h rf~art ai Strhtg`graug s jfajrh~mgc iatfs ~ra~as Tvrofw zrgttfi gi 8=>3 hid 8=>4 )5

Gitfrihtgaihl âlgtgcs hid Mgstargchl Cgrcv`sthicfs gi Zmgcm tmf Sfrbs Lgufd httmf Tvri ae tmf Igiftffitm Cfitvrw

Ht tmf bfjgiigij ae tmf igiftffitm cfitvrw, hetfr cfitvrgfs ae Atta`hi rvlf,rflhtgais bftzffi Tvros hid Sfrbs rf`hgifd vicmhijfd) Tmf ~a~vlhtgai ae tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo zhs smhr~lw dgugdfd gita @vslg` hid Cmrgstghi) Tmf

@vslg`s, ca`~asfd ae caiufrtfd da`fstgc Slhus hid ftmigc Tvros, zfrflhidlards, zmglf hll iai @vslg`s zfrf sfres ~fhshits - rfhwh ') Tmf Sfrbs zfrfsfcaid clhss cgtg{fis fcaia`gchllw, ~algtgchllw, hid ftmigchllw svbkvjhtfd hidrflgjgavslw hid sacghllw dgscrg`gihtfd) Tmf Sfrbs hid tmf @vslg`s zfrf rflgjgavslw f}clvsguf hid gi ~fr`hifit caielgct zgtm fhcm atmfr) : Tmf Artmada}Sfrbs, vilgof tmf ftmigc Tvros ar tmf Slhugc @vslg`s, dgd iat hccf~t tmf Svlthis ~algcw ae Atta`higshtgai ae hll cgtg{fis ae tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) Ear tmfSfrbs gt zhs hi hlgfi, a~~rfssguf, hid bvrdfisa`f sthtf bfchvsf tmf Atta`hiF`~grf hid gts sacghl arjhig{htgai zfrf crfhtfd hid evictgaifd hccardgij taGslh`gc rflgjgavs lhz) = Tmf `gids ae tmf Sfrbs zfrf ~rfaccv~gfd zgtm tmf rfcrfhtgai ae tmf `fdghfuhl ihtgaihl f`~grf zmgcm zhs dgs`hitlfd bw tmf Tvrosgi tmf wfhrs ae 83:88467) 7

5 ) , fa 8=>3 8=>4 -, 87>3') : ) , fd), 8=>4 -, 8765', 2>>>4)= Bhrbhrh Kflhugcm, Mgstarw ae tmf Bhlohis; Fgjmtffitm hid Igiftffitm Cfitvrgfs , ual) 8-Ch`brgdjf; Ch`brgdjf Vigufrsgtw ^rfss, 87=4', 4344) Ear àrf hbavt tmf rflhtgais bftzffiGslh`gc rflgjgavs lhz hid Atta`hi sthtfs swstf`, sff Mhlgl Gihlcgo, Tmf Atta`hi F`~grf; TmfClhssgchl Hjf, 83>>85>> -Ifz Waro; ^rhfjfr ^vblgsmfrs, 87:3'? Iar`hi Gt{oazgt{, Atta`hi

F`~grf hid Gslh`gc Trhdgtgai -Ifz Waro; Oia~e, 87:2') 7 ) , ]G] -, 87=2'? ) , , ual) 8 - , 8773', 83346? ) -', , 8=>4 , ual) 8 - , 8736'? ), 8=>4, ia) 8= - , 87>:')


4/22

3> Ulhdgslhu B) Satgraug

Tmf lhst tza dfchdfs ae tmf fgjmtffitm cfitvrw `hrofd tmf ~frgad ae Sfr

bghi ihtgaihl rfuguhl, tmf frh ae tmf crfhtgai ae ihtgaihl hzhrfifss)8>

âlgtgchl,fcaia`gc, hid cvltvrhl dfufla~`fits ae tmf Hvstrghi Sfrbs gielvficfd tmfgrefllaz cgtg{fis gi tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) Tmf ihtgaihl ~algtgchl gdfalajw crfhtfdbw tmf Sfrbghi rflgjgavs gitfllgjfitsgh gi savtmfri Mvijhrw trf`fidavslw gielvficfd tmf Sfrbs ae tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo `hgilw tmravjm cmvrcm ~ra~hjhidh) 88 Tmf ralf ae tmf Sfrbghi Artmada} Cmvrcm gi tmf crfhtgai ae cvltvrhlhid ihtgaihl gdfitgtw dvrgij tmf tg`f ae tmf Atta`hi accv~htgai hid gts caitrgbvtgai ta ihtgaihl lgbfrhtgai zhs ae gifstg`hblf g`~arthicf) 82 Tmf SfrbghiArtmada} Cmvrcm, mazfufr, gdfitgegfd tmf ehtf ae tmf Sfrbghi ~fa~lf zgtm tmhtae tmfgr cmvrcm hid ~rfsfitfd gtsfle hs tmf ~rgicg~hl shugar ae tmf ihtgai) TmfSfrbghi Cmvrcm arjhig{htgai gi tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw hid tmf Atta`hiF`~grf zhs gitg`htflw lgiofd zgtm tmf Rvssghi Artmada} Cmvrcm) Rvssghi

cvltvrhl hid rflgjgavs gielvficf hàij tmf Hvstrghi hid Atta`hi Sfrbs zhscaisfxvfitlw ufrw mgjm, ~hrtgcvlhrlw gi tmf `httfr ae tmf Sfrbghi lgtfrhl lhijvhjf) 83 Tmf Sfrbghi @ftra~algthihtf ae Srf`sog Ohrlaucg rf~rfsfitfd h ofwlgio bftzffi tmf ^htrghrcmhtf gi @ascaz hid tmf Sfrbghi Artmada} bflgfufrsgi tmf Bhlohis)

Tmf lfhdgij hid àst gielvfitghl rf~rfsfithtguf ae tmf @ftra~algthihtf ae Srf`sog Ohrlaucg zhs gts @ftra~algthi Stfuhi Strhtg`graug ) Gi tmf fhrlw wfhrsae mgs cmvrcm chrffr mf zhs h bgsma~ ae Bvdh vitgl tmf Tg`gsahrhs Cavicgl ae tmf Sfrbghi Cmvrcm gi tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw gi 8:7>) Gi tmgs cavicgl mf bfch`f iat ailw tmf @ftra~algthi ae tmf Sfrbghi Cmvrcm gi Hvstrgh bvt hlsa tmflfhdfr ae tmf fitgrf Sfrbghi ~a~vlhtgai gisgdf tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw) 84 Strhtg`graug zhs iat ailw gitfrfstfd gi cmvrcm heehgrs? Sfrbghi ihtgaihl ~rablf`saccv~gfd mgs `gid fufi bfearf tmf Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij braof avt) Tmgiogijhbavt Sfrbghs lgbfrhtgai hid ihtgaihl vigegchtgai mf zratf h lfttfr hddrfssfdta tmf Mhbsbvrj F`~frar Kasf~m GG ai Kvlw 8, 8:=5) Tmgs dacv`fit caithgistmf @ftra~algthis ~frsaihl ~ra~ashl ai maz ta rfsaluf Sfrbghi ihtgaihl ~ra

8> ) , ) -8472 8772' - ; , 2>8>', 82:6>) 88 g` Kvdhm, Tmf Sfrbs; Mgstarw, @wtm, hid tmf Dfstrvctgai ae Wvjaslhugh -Ifz Mhufi, CT;Whlf Vigufrsgtw ^rfss, 877:', 4=:2)82 S) groaug, Rflgjgavs Ehctar gi Ear`gij ae Cvltvrhl hid Ihtgaihl Gdfitgtw, gi Rflgjgai %

Zhr , fd) Dvshi Khikg -Bfljrhdf; Fvra~fhi @auf`fit gi Sfrbgh, 8774', 8455>)83 Hlf}hidfr Hlbgi, Tmf Crfhtgai ae tmf Slhufia Sfrbsog Lgtfrhrw Lhijvhjf, Tmf Slhuaigchid Fhst Fvra~fhi Rfugfz 4=, ia) 883 -87:>'; 4=372)84 ) hid ) , -, 877>', 84245? ) , -, 8773', 68>, 684, 62=3:)


5/22


blf`s gisgdf tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) 86 Ta tmf F`~frar Strhtg`graug ~ra~asfd

tmht tmf Hvstrghi hr`w gitfrufif hjhgist tmf Tvros hid lgbfrhtf tmf Sfrbs gisgdf tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo )85 Dvrgij tmf Hvstra Tvrogsm Zhr ae 8:==78 hid tmf Rvssa Tvrogsm Zhr

ae 8:=:72 tmf Sfrbghi ~htrgats hid ~vblgc zarofrs era` tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw vidfrtaao sfrgavs dg~la`htgc hctgugtgfs gi ardfr ta httrhct tmf sv~~art ae earfgji ~azfrs gi tmf lgbfrhtgai ae Sfrbgh) 8: Gi Kvlw 8:78 Stfuhi Kauhiaug ,Uhsglgkf Rhdauhiaug , hid Kauhi @glaug sfit s~fcghl ~ftgtgai rfjhrdgij tmflgugij caidgtgais ae tmf Sfrbs gi tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo ta Stfuhi Strhtg`graug ) Tmf lfttfr zhs ear tmf Hvstrghi F`~frar) Tmfw h~~fhlfd ear hìfstw ear hll Sfrbs zma mhd eavjmt hjhgist tmf Tvros ai tmf Hvstrghi sgdf hetfrtmf fid ae tmf zhr bftzffi Hvstrgh hid Tvrofw) Hìfstw zhs ta bf hcxvgrfdera` tmf Tvrogsm Svlthi bw tmf Hvstrghi hvtmargtgfs dvrgij tmf ~fhcf ifja

tghtgais ae 8:78 gi tmf tazi ae Sugsmtau) Tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi mhidfdaufr tmgs ~ftgtgai ta tmf Mhbsbvrj saufrfgji ~rabhblw hetfr gisfrtgai ae mgsazi carrfctgais ta tmf dacv`fit) 8= Stfuhi Strhtg`graug hctvhllw bfch`f hrf~rfsfithtguf ae hll Sfrbs, fgtmfr era` Hvstrgh ar Tvrofw, ta tmf Mhbsbvrjcavrt) Mf zhs ufrw zfll giear`fd hbavt tmf Sfrbs era` tmf Atta`hi F`~grfbfchvsf mf `hgithgifd caiifctgais zgtm tmf zfll oiazi cmvrcm rf~rfsfithtgufs hid ihtgaihl lfhdfrs era` Sfrbgh) Strhtg`graug , ear gisthicf, mhd hufrw laij thlo gi Srf`sog Ohrlaucg zgtm tmf Sfrbghi `gjrs era` Tvrofwcaiifctfd zgtm tmf xvfstgai ae Sfrbghi hvtaia`w hid tmf sfle jaufri`fitgisgdf tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) Tmgs caiufrshtgai zhs mfld kvst bfearf tmfHvstra Tvrogsm zhr fidfd gi 8:78) Strhtg`graug s caiufrshtgai zgtm tmf Sfrbghis hbavt tmf Sfrbghi xvfstgai bfch`f svbsfxvfitlw tmf svbstrvctvrf earmgs @fàrhidv` ae 8=>4)

Sfufrhl ~rakfcts caiifctfd zgtm tmf rfcaistrvctgai ae tmf Sfrbghi sthtfzfrf drhetfd dvrgij tmf fgjmtffitm cfitvrw bw;

8' tmf Sfrbghi ^htrghrcm Hrsfigkf GU Kauhiaug hohbfith -8:35! 8:3:'?

2' tmf Hvstrghi Cavit Zhldf`hr Scm`fthv -8::4'?3' tmf Sfrb era` Hvstrgh Dhugd Ihrhid g-8:=6, 8:=='?4' aif atmfr Hvstrghi Sfrb Dg`gtrgkf Uvkg -8:7:!8:7='? hid6' tmf @aitfifjrgi @ftra~algthi ^fthr G ftraug Ikfja -8:7=')

86

) ) , , 8:2)85 , 843 - , 8==6', 88882)8: ) , -8:==78' -,878>') 8= Gbgd), 25456)


6/22

32 Ulhdgslhu B) Satgraug

Hll ae tmfsf ~rakfcts gielvficfd tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi ta dfsgji mgs

azi ~lhi ear hvtaiaàvs Sfrbgh) Tmf gdfh ae tmf sf`g gidf~fidfit hidhvtaiaàvs Sfrbghi Dvcmw gisgdf tmf Atta`hi F`~grf mazfufr dgd iat accv~w ailw Strhtg`graug s `gid) Tmf Sfrbs era` Hvstrgh lgof hrmg`hidrgtStfuhi Kauhiaug , hrmg`hidrgt Hrsfigkf Jhjaug , hid iablf`hi Shuh Tfoflgkhzfrf gis~grfd zgtm tmf sh`f ~algtgchl caicf~t) Tfoflgkh, ear gisthicf, svb`gttfd mgs azi @fàrhidv` ta tmf Jfr`hi Hvstrghi F`~frar Erhicgs GG gi 8=>6svjjfstgij tmht tmf Hvstrghi hr`w mfl~ tmf Sfrbs ta rf fsthblgsm tmfgr ihtgaihl`fdgfuhl f`~grf) 87 Gi 8=>2 h Sfrbghi iablf`hi era` Hrhd, Shuh Tfoflgkh,rfhlg{fd tmht sv~~art ae sa`f `gjmtw Fvra~fhi cavitrw zhs gidgs~fishblf taSfrbghi ihtgaihl lgbfrhtgai hid tmf rf`hogij ae tmf Sfrbghi ihtgaihl sthtf) Gicaitrhst ta Strhtg`graug , Tfoflgkh shz Hvstrgh hs h ~ratfctar ae tmf Sfrbs hidSfrbgh) Tmf lfhdfr ae tmf Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij, ar f ^ftraug Ohrh ar f

-, g)f), Blhco Jfarjf', dvrgij tmf gigtghl àitms ae tmf rfbfllgaihlsa bflaijfd ta tmf cgrclf ae Sfrbghi ihtgaihl zarofrs zma tvrifd tmfgr fwfstazhrds tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw) 2> Tmf Sfrbghi rvssa~mglfs ai tmf atmfr mhidzfrf rf~rfsfitfd bw tmf Mfr{fjaugih hrmg`hidrgt Hrsfigkf Jhjaug ) Mf trhuflfd kvst bfearf tmf bfjgiigij ae tmf v~rhgsgij gi 8=>3 ta Rvssgh ai h dg~la`htgc `gssgai vidavbtfdlw ai Strhtg`graug s gigtghtguf) Tmf ~vr~asf ae tmf`gssgai zhs ta fijhjf tmf Tshr gi tmf gssvf ae tmf Sfrbghi xvfstgai) Jhjaug s~fcgegchllw svjjfstfd ta tmf Rvssghi àihrcm tmht tmf erffgij ae tmfAtta`hi Sfrbs bf hcca`~lgsmfd zgtm tmf mfl~ ae tmf Rvssghi hr`w) 28 KauhiKauhiaug, tmf Sfrbghi bgsma~ era` Bh oh, hs zfll hs hrmg`hidrgt Jhjaug hid @ftra~algthi Strhtg`graug , bflaijfd ta tmf jrav~ ae Sfrbghi gitfllfctvhlszma shz g`~frghl Rvssgh hs h ihtvrhl ~ratfctar ae tmf Sfrbs) 22 Kauhiaugs~algtgchl gdfhs zfrf f}~rfssfd gi tmf lfttfr sfit ta tmf Rvssghi @ftra~algthi ae St) ^ftfrsbvrj -ai Khivhrw 84, 8=>4' gi zmgcm tmf bgsma~ ae Bh oh ~ra~asfdtmht tmf bratmfr ae tmf Rvssghi Tshr, Jrhid Dvof Oaisthitgi ^hulaugcm, bfcrazifd hs tmf Sfrbghi F`~frar hetfr Sfrbghs lgbfrhtgai era` tmf Atta`hirvlf) 23

87 ) , , gi - , 8756', 8>8)2> ) ) , 8=>48=83 -, 87=:', 758>7 -Argjgihlgi Jfr`hi lhijvhjf zrgttfi g``fdghtflw hetfr tmf v~rgsgij hccardgij ta tmf hvtmars dghrw'? )

-', ? ) -', ) -, 8764')28 ) ) , , 4)22 ) , , 847) 23 ) , , ual) 8 - , 87>:', 23437)


7/22


Hll ae tmasf ~ra~ashls ~agit ta tmf ehct tmht tmf vigegchtgai ae tmf fitgrf

Sfrbghi ihtgai, gidf~fidfit ae batm Hvstrgh hid Tvrofw, gita h sgijlf ihtgaihlsthtf zhs iat wft bfgij caisgdfrfd) Hccardgij ta tmf ~ra~ashls, lgbfrhtfd Sfrbgh zavld bfca`f h uhsshl sthtf, fgtmfr zgtmgi tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw ar tmfAtta`hi F`~grf, vidfr Hvstrghi ar Rvssghi ~algtgchl hid `glgthrw ~ratfctarhtf) Tmf ailw dgeefrficf bftzffi tmf Sfrbghi hvstra~mglfs hid rvssa~mglfs zhsai tmf xvfstgai ae ai zmgcm f`~grf tmf Sfrbs smavld df~fid) Tmf egrst jrav~rflgfd ai tmf Mhbsbvrjs sgicf Hvstrgh zhs clasfr ta Sfrbgh tmhi Rvssgh hidcavld gitfrufif àrf rh~gdlw, `glgthrglw) 24 Tmf fcaia`gc rfhsais hlsa ~lhwfd hcaisgdfrhblf ralf gi tmfgr ~algtgchl ~lhis bfchvsf tmf Hvstrghi Sfrbs hid tmfAtta`hi Sfrbs zfrf gi clasf fcaia`gc rflhtgais) Ear tmf` gt zhs fcaia`gchllw `vcm àrf bfifegcghl ge hll Sfrbs zfrf ta lguf gisgdf Hvstrgh) Gi caitrhst,Sfrbghi rvssa~mglfs rflgfd ai tmf Ra`hiaus hs tmfw zfrf tmf rvlfrs ae tmf

Artmada} ehgtm) Ear tmf` Sfrbghi Artmada}w, hs h crvcghl gidgchtar ae ihtgaihldftfr`gihtgai, cavld bf ~ratfctfd ailw bw sv~~art ae tmf Rvssghi Artmada}rvlgij dwihstw) Tmf Ra`hi Chtmalgc Mhbsbvrjs zfrf ~frcfgufd hs tmf viihtvrhl hllgfs) Tmf `hkargtw ae tmf ~ra Hvstrghi Sfrbs bflaijfd ta tmf sacghlstrhth ae `frcmhits, crhets`fi, hid sfcvlhr gitfllgjfitsgh zma zfrf eacvsfd~rg`hrglw ai tmf fcaia`gc bfifegts ae tmf Hvstrghi ~ratfctarhtf aufr hll Sfrbs)Tmfgr ~ra Rvssghi a~~aifits, mazfufr, zfrf ca`~asfd fssfitghllw ae tmf Sfrbghi Artmada} clfrjw, fgtmfr era` tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw ar tmf Atta`hiF`~grf, zma trgfd ht egrst ta f`hicg~htf tmf Sfrbghi rflgjgavs ihtgaihlgdfitgtw)26

Tmf fssfitghl ralf ae tmf Bhlohis gi gitfrihtgaihl ~algtgcs ht tmf tvri ae tmfigiftffitm cfitvrw zhs tmf eacvs ae tmf Hvstrghi hid Rvssghi ca`~ftgtgai hidstrvjjlf ear caitral aufr tmf rfjgai) Hetfr tmf lgbfrhtgai ae Mvijhrw gi 85=5hid 8577, hid gi tmf cavrsf ae drgugij bhco tmf Tvros tazhrds tmf Hfjfhi Sfhhid tmf Blhco Sfh, tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw sfcvrfd sv~rf`hcw gi tmf iartmzfstfri Bhlohis) Hetfr erffgij sa`f Bhlohi tfrrgtargfs era` Atta`hi caitral,Hvstrgh arjhig{fd tmf dfefisf ae tmf eraitgfr hrfhs hjhgist Tvrofw) Tmfw gitradvcfd h s~fcghl swstf` zmgcm tvrifd avt ta bf h ofwstaif ae gts ~algtgchlhid `glgthrw strhtfjw gi savtmfhstfri Fvra~f) Tmgs Hvstrghi dfefisguf `glgthrweraitgfr {aif -@glgtrjrfi{f' zhs argjgihllw arjhig{fd gi 86:5 hs h bvlzhro hjhgist tmf Atta`hi hsshvlts, bvt hlsa hs h brgdjfmfhd ear gts azi htthcos aiTvrogsm tfrrgtargfs -gi Basigh hid Sfrbgh') Tmgs `glgthrw {aif zhs sfttlfd bw hlhrjf iv`bfr ae Sfrbghi f`gjrhits era` Tvrofw zma bfch`f ~raefssgaihl

24 ) , -8=>48784' -; ) ), 8737',8486)26 Hbavt tmgs ~rablf`, sff àrf gi F`glf ^gcat, Lfs Sfrbfs df Maijrgf -^rhjvf, 8=:3'? ) , 8:== 8=83 -, 8778!873:')


8/22


saldgfrs, g)f), tmf eraitgfrs`fi) 25 Aif ae tmf tvrigij ~agits ae tmf Hvstra Tvro

gsm Zhr era` 8:== ta 8:78 zhs tmf fsthblgsm`fit ae h Sfrbghi erff egjmtgijcar~s hid tmf f`frjficf ae h Sfrbghi ~algtgchl lfhdfrsmg~ tmht ear`vlhtfd Sfrbghs ihtgaihl jahls àrf fifrjftgchllw tmhi mhd bffi tmf chsf ~rfugavslw) 2:

Tmf Rvssa Tvrogsm Zhr -8:5=:4' fidfd zgtm tmf ~fhcf ae Ovcmvo Ohgihrkg gi 8::4) Gt jhuf Rvssgh H{au hid sfcvrfd Rvssghi ~algtgchl gielvficf gitrgbvthrw ^rgicg~hlgtgfs ae @aldhugh hid Zhlhcmgh) Mazfufr, tmf Atta`hihvtmargtgfs jhuf Hvstrgh tmf iartmfri ~hrt ae @aldhugh, zmgcm zhs ih`fdBvoaugih, gi 8::6 gi rftvri ear tmf dg~la`htgc sv~~art Hvstrgh jhuf gi tmfsfttlgij ae ~rablf`s zgtm Rvssgh) Hccardgij ta tmf Trfhtw ae Khssw, sgjifd giKhivhrw 8:72, Rvssgh rfcfgufd era` Tvrofw tmf ear`fr Crg`fhi Omhihtf) TmfRvssa Tvrogsm bardfr zhs fsthblgsmfd ai tmf Digfstfr Rgufr) Tmf Sfrbs zgtmgitmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo rfcfgufd ~algtgchl hvtaia`w zmgcm bfch`f tmf eavi

dhtgai ear Strhtg`graug s ~lhi ear Sfrbghs ~algtgchl sf`g gidf~fidficf gi tmfAtta`hi F`~grf) Zgtm tmf ^fhcf ae Khssw, tmf Rvssa Hvstrghi rguhlrw aufr tmfBhlohis zhs rfsalufd gi ehuar ae Rvssgh) 2= Gi hddgtgai, Rvssghs jrhdvhl earcgij ae tmf Atta`hi F`~grf avt ae Crg`fh hid @aldhugh gi tmf fgjmtffitmcfitvrw rfsvltfd gi lg`gthtgai ai tmf âlgsm Lgtmvhighi -g)f), tmf Ra`hiChtmalgc' s~mfrf ae gielvficf gi tmf rfjgai ae Savtmfhst Vorhgif hid tmf IartmBlhco Sfh lgttarhl hid gi tmf strfijtmfigij ae Rvssghi -g)f), tmf Artmada}' gielvficf hid ~rfstgjf gi tmf sh`f hrfh)

Zgtm Rvssghs drhzgij ifhrfr ta tmf Dhivbf hid ta Caisthitgia~lf, tmf~a~vlhrgtw ae g`~frghl Rvssgh jrhdvhllw jrfz hàij tmf Sfrbs) Tmf fgjmtffitm cfitvrw Rvssghi Atta`hi caielgct rfgiearcfd hàij tmf Sfrbs tmf gdfhae Ra`hiau Rvssgh hs tmf ~rgicg~hl bvlzhro ae Artmada} Cmrgstfida`) Gt chibf caiclvdfd tmht gi tmf wfhr ae Strhtg`graug s @fàrhidv` Rvssghi gielvficf mhd hlrfhdw ~vsmfd bhco tmht ae Hvstrgh hàij tmf Bhlohi Artmada}svbkfcts ae tmf Svlthi) Tmgs Rvssghi h~~rahcm tazhrds Sfrbghi lhids dgrfctlwgielvficfd Strhtg`graug ta zrgtf mgs dacv`fit gi zmgcm mf sv~~artfd tmf gdfhae tmf Rvssghi ~ratfctarhtf aufr tmf Bhlohi Artmada} ~a~vlhtgai drhetfd gitmf Jrffo ^rakfct bw tmf Rvssghi F`~rfss Chtmfrgif GG -tmf Jrfht') Gi8:=2 tmf F`~rfss ~ra~asfd ta tmf Hvstrghi F`~frar Kasf~m GG tmht Bfsshrhbgh, @aldhugh, hid Zhlhcmgh bf vigtfd gita tmf gidf~fidfit sthtf ae Dhcghvidfr tmf Rvssghi ~ratfctarhtf) Gi hddgtgai, tmf Jrffo -g)f), Bw{hitgif' F`~grfzgtm Caisthitgia~lf hs h ch~gthl zhs ta bf rf fsthblgsmfd ai tmf fhstfri ~ar

25

Hbavt tmf Hvstrghi @glgthrw Bardfr, sff àrf gi Jitmfr Frgcm Ratmfibfrj, Tmf @glgthrw Bardfr gi Crahtgh 8:4>8==8 -Cmgchja; Vigufrsgtw ae Cmgchja ^rfss, 8755')2: Hbavt tmgs xvfstgai, sff àrf gi Kfhi Brfijhr, H Mgstarw ae tmf Mhbsbvrj F`~grf; 8:>> 878= -Laidai; Laij`hi, 2>>>'? ) , )2= ) , -, 872=')


9/22


tgai ae tmf Bhlohis hid ~lhcfd vidfr tmf Rvssghi ~htraihjf) Caisfxvfitlw,

tmf rfhl hg` ae Strhtg`graug s @fàrhidv` zhs ta caiugicf tmf RvssghiTshr ta f}tfid Rvssghi ~htraihjf aufr hi hvtaiaàvs Sfrbgh hs zfll) Sg`glhrlw, mf bflgfufd tmht tmf rfcfit f}h`~lf ae tmf fsthblgsm`fit ae tmf Rvssghi~ratfctarhtf aufr tmf hvtaiaàvs tfrrgtarw ae tmf Atta`hi Cmrgstghi Artmada}svbkfcts ae tmf Gaighi Gslhids -Lfvchs, Cf~mhlaigh, Gtmhch, [hitf, hidCwtmfrh' gi 8:77 cavld bf rf~lgchtfd gi tmf chsf ae tmf Sfrbs hid Sfrbgh hszfll)

Dg~la`htgc Hctgugtgfs ae @ftra~algthi Strhtg`graug

Tmf ralf ae @ftra~algthi Strhtg`graug gi tmf Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij mhs iatwft bffi feefctguflw f}~lhgifd gi Sfrbghi mgstargajrh~mw) Strhtg`graug zhs

svrflw ufrw zfll giear`fd gi rfjhrds ta tmf ~algtgchl sgtvhtgai gi Sfrbgh hid~algtgchl zgsmfs ae tmf Sfrbs zgtmgi tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) ^rath @htfkh Ifihdaug, aif ae tmf àst avtsthidgij lfhdfrs ae tmf V~rgsgij hid `glgthrwca``hidfr ae zfstfri Sfrbgh, svb`gttfd ta Strhtg`graug tmf egrst zrgttfisthtf`fit ai tmf ~algtgchl caicfris hid jahls ae Sfrbghs `glgthrw lfhdfrsmg~)Tmf ~ra~ashl zhs drhetfd bw tmf àst f`gifit lfhdfrs ae tmf V~rgsgij ht tmffid ae Efbrvhrw 8=>4) Strhtg`graug s hiszfr, zgtm ~frsaihl ca``fits ai tmfsthtf`fit, rfhcmfd ^rath @htfkh Ifihdaug ai @hrcm 27 ae tmf sh`f wfhr)Ifihdaug dflgufrfd Strhtg`graug s hiszfr dgrfctlw ta tmf lfhdfr ae tmf V~rgsgij, ar f ^ftraug Ohrh ar f) 27 Tmgs ~ra`~ts tza caiclvsgais;

8' gt clfhrlw caiegr`s tmht tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi fsthblgsmfd hid`hgithgifd vigitfrrv~tfd ~algtgchl rflhtgais zgtm tmf sv~rf`f`glgthrw mfhdxvhrtfrs ae tmf Sfrbghi gisvrjfits hlrfhdw ht tmf ufrwbfjgiigij ae tmf V~rgsgij? hid

2' gt dacv`fits tmht mf zhs ufrw zfll giear`fd ai tmf ~algtgchlzgsmfs, ~lhis, hid gdfalajw ae Sfrbghs sv~rf`f glgthrw hvtmargtw)

Strhtg`graug , gis~grfd hid rfgiearcfd bw tmf egrst zrgttfi sthtf`fit hbavttmf ~algtgchl zgsmfs ae Sfrbghs `glgthrw lfhdfrsmg~, sthrtfd ta zaro ta abthgi~algtgchl hid `glgthrw sv~~art ear Sfrbghi gisvrjfits bw tmf Mhbsbvrjs cavrt)Gi tmf sh`f wfhr mf zratf tmrff lfttfrs ta tmf Hvstrghi Hrcmdvof Chrl, ai @hw

27 Hbavt Ohrh ar fs ralf gi tmf Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij hjhgist tmf Atta`hi hvtmargtgfs, sff ) , -) , ) 8=>4 8=83 - , , 8==3? , ,8==4')


10/22


38, Kvif 27, hid Hvjvst 85) 3> Gi tmfsf lfttfrs Strhtg`graug ~rfsfitfd mg`sfle

hs tmf ~rgicg~hl ~algtgchl h`bhsshdar ae tmf Sfrbs era` batm tmf Mhbsbvrj@aihrcmw hid tmf Atta`hi F`~grf ta tmf g`~frghl cavrt gi Ugfiih) Mfstraijlw bflgfufd tmht ~fhcf gi rfbfllgavs Sfrbgh zavld bf rf fsthblgsmfd ailwge Sfrbghs `glgthrw hvtmargtgfs ~algtgchl df`hids zfrf hccf~tfd bw tmf Atta`hi jaufri`fit) Strhtg`graug ht tmf sh`f tg`f hduachtfd tmf gdfh ae fsthblgsmgij h talfrhblf Tvrogsm swstf` ae jaufri`fit gi Sfrbgh zmgcm zavld rf~lhcf tmf hihrcmw hid ugalficf ae tmf lachl Tvrogsm hvtmargtgfs) Egihllw, ht tmgs~agit tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi shz tmf mavsf ae Mhbsbvrj hs h ofw jvhrhitarae ~fhcf gi Sfrbgh) Gi tmf atmfr zards, Sfrbgh iffdfd ta bf ~vt vidfr tmfMhbsbvrjs ~ratfctarhtf)

Strhtg`graug , tmf mfhd ae tmf Sfrbghi Cmvrcm gi tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw,mazfufr, sg`vlthifavslw svjjfstfd ta Sfrbghs `glgthrw lfhdfrs tmht tmfw sfid

h ~algtgchl df~vthtgai ta tmf Rvssghi g`~frghl cavrt ta caiufw tmfgr ~algtgchlzgsmfs hid rfxvgrf`fits) Mgs vltg`htf hg` gi ehct zhs ta caiugicf tmf RvssghiF`~frar ta bfca`f tmf rfhl ~ratfctar ae tmf Atta`hi hid Hvstrghi Sfrbs hidtmf ~fhcfoff~fr gi h vigtfd Sfrbgh) Caisfxvfitlw, Strhtg`graug fsthblgsmfdtmf rahd ta St) ^ftfrsbvrj ear tmf egrst Sfrbghi df~vthtgai sfit ta tmf RvssghiF`~frar dvrgij tmf V~rgsgij) Tmf df~vthtgai, kagifd bw ^rath @htfkh Ifihdaug, ^fthr Iauhoaug hrdholgkh, hid Kauhi ^ratg , df~hrtfd ear Rvssgh aiSf~tf`bfr 83, 8=>4) Tmfw svb`gttfd ai Iauf`bfr 86, 8=>4 ta tmf RvssghiF`~frar Hlf}hidfr G tmf Sfrbghi ~ftgtgai ear shefoff~gij hid shluhtgaihsogij mg` ta thof Sfrbgh vidfr tmf Rvssghi ~ratfctarhtf) 38 Tmf ~ftgtgai zhscfrthgilw bhsfd ai Strhtg`graug s ~algtgchl gdfhs cagithgifd gi mgs @f`-arhidv` ) Gt tvrifd avt tmht tmf Sfrbghi df~vthtgai gi St) ^ftfrsbvrj rfgtfrhtfdf}hctlw zmht Strhtg`graug mhd ~ra~asfd gi mgs @fàrhidv` ; tmf rffsthblgsm`fit ae h Sfrbghi sthtf - ' hid aeegcghl f}~rfssgai ae Sfrbghs lawhltw ta tmf Tvrogsm Svlthi) Tmf Rvssghi g`~frghl cavrthccf~tfd Strhtg`graug s gdfh ae hi hvtaiaàvs Sfrbghi sthtf zgtmgi tmf Atta`hi F`~grf bvt vidfr Rvssghi ~algtgchl `glgthrw ~ratfctarhtf, sg`glhr ta tmfsthtvs ae tmf Dhivbf ~rgicg~hlgtgfs ae @aldhugh hid Zhlhcmgh gi tmf Atta`hiF`~grf) 32

3> ) ) , , 8=7)38 ) ) , ]] ), gi , ual) 6 - , 87:>', 8>>6>:?

g , ual) 8 - , 87=>', 6=52? ) ) , ]UGGG ]G] ) -, 877>', 82>3=) Sff àrfhbavt tmf df~vthtgai gi -, 8=5:'? ) , -, 877>')32 ) , , ual) 2 - , 87>:', 8=>77)


11/22

Tmf @fàrhidv` -8=>4' bw tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi Stfuhi Strhtg`graug 3:

Strhtg`graug mhd hlrfhdw ear`fd mgs gdfh ae Sfrbghi lgbfrhtgai era` Hvs

trghi hid Atta`hi caitral bfearf tmf bfjgiigij ae tmf Egrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij)Mgs ~algtgchl gdfhs hbavt Sfrbghi hid hll Savtm Slhugc lgbfrhtgai hid tmf rffsthblgsm`fit ae Sfrbghi hid Savtm Slhugc `fdghfuhl sthtfmaad zfrf f}~rfssfd bw Strhtg`graug s df~vtw, hrmg`hidrgt Hrsfigkf Jhjaug , ta tmf Rvssghi F`~frar gi St) ^ftfrsbvrj ai Iauf`bfr 2, 8=>3) Jhjaug , eallazgij tmfgistrvctgais ae tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi, ~ra~asfd ta Hlf}hidfr G tmht Rvssghsv~~art tmf lgbfrhtgai hid ~algtgchl vigegchtgai ae Savtm Slhugc ~fa~lfs gitatmf SlhuaigcSfrbghi F`~grf ) Jhjaug hlsa rfca``fidfd tmht aif RvssghiJrhid Dvof bf h~~agitfd bw tmf Rvssghi àihrcm hs F`~frar ae tmgsF`~grf) 33

mf crvcghl xvfstgai zgtm rfs~fct ta tmf dg~la`htgc hctgugtgfs ae tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi tmht hrgsfs gs; zmw dgd Strhtg`graug laao v~ai Rvssgh hs

tmf ailw gijfivavs lgbfrhtar hid ~algtgchl `glgthrw ~ratfctar ae tmf Sfrbs hid,àrfaufr, tmf rfst ae tmf Savtm Slhus1 Strhtg`graug abugavslw tmavjmt tmhtRvssgh zhs tmf ailw Fvra~fhi cavitrw zgtm jfivgif heegigtw tazhrds tmfSavtm Slhus, fs~fcghllw tmf Sfrbs) Tmf `hgi eastfrfr ae svcm hi a~gigaihàij tmf Sfrbs zhs tmf Sfrbghi Artmada} clfrjw mfhdfd bw Strhtg`graug )G`~frghl Rvssgh, hs hi Artmada} cavitrw hid tmf cavitrw zgtm tmf lhrjfstSlhugc ~a~vlhtgai, jrhdvhllw gis~grfd tmf s~grgtvhl ~algtgchl lfhdfr ae tmf Sfrbghi ihtgai dvrgij tmf Mhbsbvrj hid Atta`hi lardsmg~s -g)f), tmf Sfrbghi Artmada} Cmvrcm, sgicf tmf fid ae sfufitffitm cfitvrw', ta bflgfuf tmht ailw tmfRa`hiaus cavld bf rfhl lgbfrhtars hid ~ratfctars ae tmf Sfrbs hid tmf rfst ae tmf Savtm Slhus, fs~fcghllw tmf Artmada} aifs) 34 Tmf Sfrbghi Artmada} clfrjwzflca`fd tmf Ra`hiaus ^hislhugs` tmf aeegcghl cavrsf ae tmf Rvssghi earfgji ~algcw gi Fvra~f)

Tmf Sfrbghi Artmada} Cmvrcm àufd àrf clasflw tazhrds Rvssgh dvrgijtmf fgjmtffitm cfitvrw zmfi, hs h caisfxvficf ae tmf Mhbsbvrjss `glgthrwugctargfs aufr tmf Tvros, Ra`hi Chtmalgc gielvficf gi tmf Bhlohis sgjigegchitlw gicrfhsfd) 36 Tmf Sfrbghi ~rgfsts, gi ardfr ta ~rfufit Ra`hi Chtmalgcda`gihicf gi tmf rfjgai, vrjfd Rvssgh ta ~vt hll Savtm Slhugc ~a~vlhtgaisvidfr gts ~algtgchl ~ratfctgai) Hs h caisfxvficf ae tmf Sfrbghi Artmada}Cmvrcms ~ra~hjhidh gi ehuar ae tmf Rvssghis, tmf rf~vthtgai ae tmf RvssghiF`~frar gi Sfrbghi fwfs sgjigegchitlw gicrfhsfd ht tmf fid ae tmf fgjmtffitm

33 ) , , 847? ) ) ,

, 8:5:7)34 @arf hbavt tmgs xvfstgai, sff ) , , gi , ual) 8 - , 8763')36 ) , , , 8:33,gi , ia) 65 - ', 828)


12/22


cfitvrw) Svbsfxvfitlw, Shuh Tfoflgkh, h Sfrbghi iablf`hi era` Hrhd, hdugsfd

tmht gi tmf chsf ae tmf ifz Rvssa Atta`hi zhr tmf Sfrbs, hs zfll tmf Bvljhrghis, zavld zflca`f Rvssgh hs tmfgr lgbfrhtar) 35 Gi rftvri, tmf Sfrbghi clfrjwhlzhws rf`gidfd tmf Sfrbs ae tmf caiifctgais zmgcm lgiofd tmf` ta tmf Rvssghis; dgugif, ihtvrhl, hid ftfrihl baids ae tmf blaad, lhijvhjf, hid ehgtm- , , ') 3: Tmf mgstargchlralf ae smhrfd Artmada}w hid lhijvhjf zfrf fs~fcghllw f`~mhsg{fd gi tmgs~ra Rvssghi ~ra~hjhidh) Clfhrlw, Artmada}w bfch`f ear tmf `hkargtw ae ftmialgijvgstgc Sfrbs h `hgi sw`bal ae tmf ihtgaihl strvjjlf hjhgist tmf Atta`hihvtmargtgfs) Ht tmf tvri ae tmf igiftffitm cfitvrw tmf `wtm ae Artmada}w bfch`f tmf earfàst gistrv`fit gi tmf mhids ae tmf Sfrbghi clfrjw gi tmfgr ca`bht hjhgist Hvstrghi -g)f), Ra`hi Chtmalgc' ~algtgchl sv~rf`hcw gi tmf Bhlohis) Tmfw ht tmf sh`f tg`f sv~~artfd tmf Rvssghi caicf~t ae vigtfd Artma

da} ihtgais hs tmf crvcghl stf~ tazhrds rfhlg{htgai ae tmf Rvssghi ~algcw ae ^hislhugs` ) Tmf Sfrbghi s~grgtvhl lfhdfrs ch`f ta ugfz Artmada} Slhugc Rvssgh hs tmf ailw sgicfrf lgbfrhtar hid ~ratfctar ae batm tmf Savtmfhst Fvra~fhiArtmada} ~a~vlhtgai -Ra`highis, Sfrbs, @hcfdaighi Slhus, @aitfifjrgis,Bvljhrghis, hid Jrffos' hid tmf Savtm Slhus -Wvjaslhus hid Bvljhrghis') 3=

Egihllw, ear tmf Artmada} Sfrbs hid Rvssghis hiwtmgij tmht zhs bhd eartmf Tvros hid tmf Atta`hi F`~grf zhs jaad ear tmf`) @hiw Sfrbs vifxvguachllw zflca`fd Rvssghi `glgthrw ugctarw aufr tmf Tvros gi 8::4, fs~fcghllw gitmf hrtgclf ae tmf Trfhtw ae Ovcmvo Ohgihrkg zmgcm fsthblgsmfd h Rvssghi ~ratfctarhtf aufr @aldhugh hid Zhlhcmgh zgtm tmf Rvssghi rgjmt ae jvhrdghismg~ae hll Bhlohi Artmada} ~a~vlhtgais gi tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) Strhtg`graug ,vicaidgtgaihllw, cvltvrhllw, hid ~algtgchllw argfitfd tazhrd Rvssgh, shz gi tmgshrtgclf ae tmf Trfhtw ae Ovcmvo Ohgihrkg h ufrw tg`flw hid h~~ra~rghtf lfjhla~~artvigtw ear f}tfisgai ae Rvssghi ~ratfctgai aufr batm Hvstrghi hid Atta`hi Sfrbs)

Strhtg`graugs Caicf~t ae tmf Rflgjgai Lhijvhjf Bhsfd SlhuaigcSfrbghi Sthtf vidfr tmf Rvssghi ^ratfctarhtf

Strhtg`graugcs @fàrhidv` rf~rfsfits aif ae tmf fhrlgfst ~algtgchl ~rajrh`sae Sfrbghi lgbfrhtgai hid vigegchtgai gi àdfri Sfrbghi mgstarw ae ~algtgchltmavjmt) Mf rfcajig{fd tmht tmf Atta`hi Sfrbs zfrf iat hblf ta erff tmf`sflufs egjmtgij hlaif hjhgist tmf Tvros) Gi tmgs rfs~fct, tmfw iffdfd ta rflw ai

35 ) , -, 8755', 8:5)3: ) , , 887)3= Hbavt ^hislhugs` gi tmf Rvssghi earfgji ~algcw, sff ) ) , - -, 874:', 6=56)


13/22


aif ~azfrevl Fvra~fhi cavitrw zmgcm zavld jguf `glgthrw hid dg~la`htgc

sv~~art ta tmf Sfrbghi rfbfls) Caisfxvfitlw, tmf gssvf ae h Sfrbghi v~rgsgijmhd ta bf giclvdfd gi tmf brahdfr caitf}t ae Fvra~fhi ~algcw ae Jrfht âzfrshid gitfrihtgaihl rflhtgais) 37 Mf zhs dff~lw hid sgicfrflw caiugicfd tmht tmfArtmada} Rvssghi F`~grf zhs h ihtvrhl Sfrbghi hllw) Hs h rfsvlt, tmf RvssghiF`~grf iffdfd ta bfca`f Sfrbghs ~htrai gi mfr strvjjlf ear erffda` hid ihtgaihl vigegchtgai) Zgtm tmgs gi `gid, tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi sfit mgs

@fàrhidv` ta Tshr Hlf}hidfr G) Tmf ugsgai ae h vigegfd Sfrbgh vidfr tmfRvssghi ~htraihjf, bvt gisgdf tmf Atta`hi F`~grf, hig`htfd Strhtg`graug s~lhi) Gi atmfr zards, mf ehuarfd crfhtgai ae hi hvtaiaàvs Sfrbgh vidfr Atta`hi sv{frhgitw bvt jaufrifd bw tmf Rvssghi Jrhid Dvof ar Ugcfraw) Strhtg`graug s @fàrhidv` , ar tmf sa chllfd tmf ^lhi ear Sfrbghi Lgbfrhtgai ,zhs svb`gttfd gi Kvif 8=>4 ta tmf Rvssghi @gigstfr ae Earfgji Heehgrs, Dvof

Hdh` C{hrtarwsog, bw Sfrbghi hrmg`hidrgt Hrsfigkf Jhjaugc zma zhs tmf Artmada} cmh~lhgi gi tmf Rvssghi f`bhssw gi Ugfiih) 4>

Tmf hctvhl ~algtgchl sgtvhtgai gi Fvra~f zhs flhbarhtfd ai gi tmf egrst ~hrtae tmf @fàrhidv ` ) Strhtg`graug caiclvdfd tmht ailw Rvssgh zhs h rfhl gidf~fidfit hid ~azfrevl Artmada} cavitrw gi tmf zarld) Mazfufr, hccardgijta mg`, tmf Fvra~fhi ~fa~lfs ugfzfd Rvssgh hs hi Hsghtgc cavitrw hs, ear gisthicf, gi tmf chsf ae tmf âlfs, fufi tmavjm tmf Rvssghis zfrf `f`bfrs ae tmf Slhugc ca``vigtw) Tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi f}~lhgifd tmf ifjhtguf httgtvdf ae tmf âlfs tazhrds Artmada}w hid Rvssgh hs tmf ~radvct ae ~ra~hjhidh hctgugtgfs ae tmf Kfsvgt Ardfr ae tmf Ra`hi Chtmalgc Cmvrcm gi âlhidzmasf hgi jahl zhs ta egjmt Artmada}w tmravjmavt Fvra~f)

Gi tmf sfcaid ~hrt ae mgs ~lhi Strhtg`graug caisgdfrfd tmf xvfstgai ae tmflgbfrhtgai ae tmf Bhlohis era` Atta`hi rvlf) Mfrf, mf rfkfctfd tmf ^lhi ear tmfrf-fsthblgsmgij ae tmf Jrffo F`~grf , g)f), tmf ~lhi ear lgbfrhtgai ae tmf BhlohiArtmada} ~a~vlhtgai drhetfd bw tmf Rvssghi F`~rfss Chtmfrgif GG gi 8:=2)Hccardgij ta tmgs ~lhi, hll Bhlohi Artmada} ~fa~lfs zavld bf giclvdfd gi tmfifz Bw{hitgif F`~grf zgtm gts ch~gthl gi Caisthitgia~lf) Tmfw zavld bf jaufrifd bw aif Rvssghi Dvof dfsgjihtfd hs tmfgr F`~frar) 48 Bvt Strhtg`graugczhs ae tmf a~gigai tmht Rvssghi gielvficf gi tmgs F`~grf zavld bf dfcrfhsfdbfchvsf ae tmf hitg Rvssghi hctgugtgfs ae tmf Jrffos zma mhd ifufr bffi sgicfrf hd`grfrs ae Rvssgh) Tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi caiclvdfd tmht tmf Rvs

37

Hbavt tmf ~rablf` ae tmf ~algcw bw tmf Fvra~fhi Jrfht âzfrs tazhrds tmf SfrbghiXvfstgai era` 8=>4 ta 8784, sff ) , -, 874>')4> Hbavt tmf mgstarw ae svb`gssgai ae tmf @fàrhidv` ta tmf Rvssghi aeegcghls, sff ) ), , 8285) 48 Fdavhrd Drghvlt, Lh ~algtgxvf argfithlf df Ih~alai -^hrgs; E) Hlchi, 87>4', 3>38)


14/22

4> Ulhdgslhu B) Satgraug

sghi hllghicf zgtm tmf Jrffos zavld bf chthstra~mgc era` tmf aisft) 42 Strht

g`graug svjjfstfd ta tmf Rvssghi hvtmargtgfs tmht ailw tmf Sfrbs gi tmfBhlohis zfrf baih egdf hllgfs ae tmf Rvssghi F`~grf) Ear tmht rfhsai, hccardgij ta Strhtg`graug , Rvssgh zavld mhuf àrf bfifegts era` tmf rf fsthblgsm`fit ae tmf Sfrbghi sthtf gi tmf Bhlohis rhtmfr tmhi h Jrffo sthtf) Gi caiclvsgai, gi ardfr ta httrhct tmf Rvssghi F`~frar ta mgs ~lhi, Strhtg`graug lhvicmfd tmf gdfh tmht tmf fsthblgsm`fit ae h Sfrbghi sthtf gi tmf Bhlohis vidfr Rvssghi ~htraihjf zhs ta bf tmf ~rg`hrw ~rfcaidgtgai ear tmf rfhlg{htgaiae tmf Rvssghi jahl ae jhgigij caitral aufr tmf Blhco Sfh lgttarhl hid Tmrhcfsgicf h Sfrbghi sthtf zavld sfruf hs h ihtvrhl bhrrgfr hjhgist Hvstrghi ~fiftrhtgai gita tmf Rvssghi ~algtgchl s~mfrf ae gitfrfst)

Tmf tmgrd ~hrt ae tmf @fàrhidv` dfhlt zgtm tmf ~rablf` ae tmf gitfrihldgssalvtgai ae tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) Tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi iatfd tmht tmf

Atta`hi F`~grfs Fvra~fhi ~assfssgais zfrf hlrfhdw gi tmf ~racfss ae tathlhid gicvrhblf dgsgitfjrhtgai hid dfstrvctgai, hs ear f}h`~lf fufrw Tvrogsm~raugicghl jaufriartmf ^hsmhmhd bfch`f gidf~fidfit ae tmf cfitrhl jaufri`fit zmgcm zhs vihblf ta ~rfufit tmf F`~grf era` gts gitfrihl ~algtgchlbrfho v~ hid rfjgaihl sf~hrhtgai) Hs h caisfxvficf ae tmgs sgtvhtgai, tmf bfjgiigij ae tmf igiftffitm cfitvrw aeefrfd tmf bfst a~~artvigtgfs ta crfhtf hsf`g gidf~fidfit Sfrbghi sthtf gi tmf Bhlohis zmgcm zhs ~assgblf ailw zgtmRvssghi dg~la`htgc sv~~art ae tmf Sfrbs)

Gi tmf eavrtm ~hrt ae mgs ~lhi Strhtg`graug ~ra~asfd tmf crfhtgai ae h Sfrbghi trgbvthrw sthtf gi tmf Bhlohis vidfr tmf Svlthis ia`gihl sv{frhgitw)Sthtf ~algtgchl rflhtgaismg~s bftzffi tmf ifzlw fsthblgsmfd Sfrbghi sthtf hidtmf Atta`hi F`~grf zavld bf sg`glhr ta tmf sthtf ~algtgchl rflhtgais bftzffitmf Rf~vblgc ae Dvbrauigo hid tmf Rf~vblgc ae tmf Gaighi Gslhids zgtm tmfAtta`hi F`~grf) Lgof tmf Rf~vblgc ae tmf Gaighi Gslhids, h sf`g gidf~fidfitSfrbgh zavld bf ~vt vidfr tmf Rvssghi ~algtgchl `glgthrw ~ratfctarhtf) Egihllw,hetfr tmf crfhtgai ae tmf Sfrbghi trgbvthrw sthtf, tmf Tvrogsm Svlthi zavld jftsa`f tfrrgtarghl ca`~fishtgais gi Hsgh era` tmf Rvssghi F`~frar)

Tmf caicf~t ae h rfugufd Sfrbghi ihtgaihl sthtf drhetfd gi tmf @fàrhi-dv` zhs fssfitghllw bhsfd ai tmf gdfh tmht batm tmf Sfrbs era` tmf Atta`hiF`~grf hid tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw zavld kagi gt) Svbsfxvfitlw, tmf eallazgij tfrrgtargfs ae tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw ~a~vlhtfd bw tmf Sfrbs zavld bfgicar~arhtfd gita tmf trgbvthrw hvtaiaàvs ihtgaihl sthtf ae tmf Sfrbs zmgcmStrhtg`graug dfsgjihtfd hs SlhuaigcSfrbghi - - ' fica`~hssgij;

42 ) ) , , 8=>)


15/22


8' tmf Jvle ae Baoh Oatarsoh zgtm tmf cgtw ae Oatar?

2' tmf ~hrts ae Dhl`htgh hid Crahtgh fhstzhrd era` tmf Vih Rgufr, tmfOroh Rgufr, hid tmf cgtw ae gbfigo?3' tmf tfrrgtarw bftzffi tmf Dhivbf Rgufr, tmf Shuh Rgufr, hid tmf

Uvoh Rgufr? hid4' tmf `hgi ~artgai ae Slhuaigh) 43

Tmf lhids tmht zfrf mgstargchllw hid ftmigchllw Sfrbghi vidfr tmf Atta`hiF`~grf zfrf ta bf caisalgdhtfd gita lgbfrhtfd Sfrbgh hlsa) Gt zavld bf ca`~asfd ae;

8' tmf Bfajrhdsog ~h hlvo -era` tmf Shuh Rgufr hid tmf DhivbfRgufr ta tmf Zfstfri @arhuh Rgufr, hid era` tmf Drgih Rgufr ta

tmf Tg`ao Rgufr'?2' Basigh hid Mfr{fjaugih?3' @aitfifjra?4' Oasaua hid @ftamgkh -zgtm tmf cgtgfs ae ^f , hoaugch, Bhikh,

^rgtgih, ^rg{rfi, Uv gtri, @gtraugch, hid [uf hi'? hid6' iartm zfstfri Bvljhrgh zgtm tmf cgtw ae Ugdgi hid gts mgitfrlhid

hid tmf La` Rgufr)

Mazfufr, gi hddgtgai, Strhtg`graug gi mgs zaros hlsa gdfitgegfd atmfr tfrrgtargfs zmgcm, bw ugrtvf ae ftmigcgtw, zavld svbsfxvfitlw bf ca`~aifits ae tmf hrfh ae h Sfrbghi ihtgai;

8' ~hrt ae zfstfri Zhlhcmgh bftzffi tmf Dhivbf Rgufr hid tmf KgvRgufr?

2' ~rfsfit dhw savtmfri Sfrbgh zgtm tmf cgtgfs ae Ig , Lfsoauhc,Orv fuhc, Urhikf, hid Bvkhiauhc? hid

3' ~rfsfit dhw iartmfri Hlbhigh zgtm tmf cgtw ae Scvthrg) 44

Gi dfhlgij zgtm tmf ~rablf` ae eg}gij tmf bardfrs ae tmf SlhuaigcSfrbghisthtf tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi h~~lgfd batm mgstargchl hid ftmigc ~rgicg~lfs;

8' hccardgij ta tmf mgstargchl ~rgicg~lf, tmf tfrrgtarw ae `fdghfuhlSfrbgh zavld ca`~asf Strhtg`graug s SlhuaigcSfrbghi sthtf? hid

43 Tmf tf}t ae @f`arhidv` gi ) ) , , 8:24) 44 ) , fa )


16/22


2' gi hccardhicf zgtm tmf ftmigc ~rgicg~lf, hll Bhlohi tfrrgtargfs

sfttlfd bw tmf Artmada} Savtm Slhugc ~a~vlhtgai zma s~aof tmfSmtaohughi - ' 46 dghlfct zfrf caisgdfrfd ta bflaij ta tmfSfrbghi ftmigc s~hcf hid sffi hs ~hrt ae tmf SlhuaigcSfrbghisthtf)

Zgtm rfs~fct ta tmf dftfr`gihtgai ae tmf ftmigc s~hcf ear tmf Sfrbs, Strhtg`graug zhs straijlw gielvficfd bw tmf tmfarw ae tmf caicf~t ae ftmigc lgijvgstgc s~hcf ae Sfrbda` dfufla~fd ht tmf tg`f bw Shuh Tfoflgkh) Mgs ftmigclgijvgstgc caicf~t ae Sfrbda` zhs ~rfsfitfd gi mgs smart fsshw A - Dfscrg~tgai ae lgef ') Mf ~asgtfd tmht hll ae tmf Savtm Slhugc ~a~vlhtgai zma s~aof tmf Smtaohughi, Ohkohughi, hid Cmhohughi dghlfcts, rfjhrdlfssae rflgjgai, bflaijfd ta tmf Sfrbghi ihtgai) Tfoflgkh dfsgjihtfd tmf eallaugij

tfrrgtargfs hs ftmigc lgijvgstgc Sfrbghi aifs; Sfrbgh ~ra~fr, Oasaua hid @ftamgkh, Basigh hid Mfr{fjaugih, Bvljhrgh, @aitfifjra, @hcfdaigh, Rf~vblgc ae Dvbrauigo, Chrigalh -Orhiksoh', Stwrgh - thkfrsoh', Chrgitmgh -Oarv oh', Dhl`htgh, Crahtgh, Slhuaigh, savtmfri Mvijhrw -~rfsfit dhw Uakuadgih', hid tmfiartmfri Hlbhigh) Mf svjjfstfd tmht hll ae tmfsf Sfrbghi tfrrgtargfs smavldca`~asf aif sgijlf Sfrbghi ihtgaihl sthtf zmgcm zavld mhuf bardfrs ai tmfHdrghtgc hid tmf Blhco Sfh) Gi mgs ugfz, tmgs sthtf zavld bf `hgilw ~a~vlhtfdbw Artmada} Sfrbs hid bw h `giargtw ae Ra`hi Chtmalgcs) Tfoflgkh chllfdtmfsf tfrrgtargfs Gllwrgcv`) Tmf ih`f rfelfcts h zgdf s~rfhd tmfarw ae tmf tg`ftmht hll Savtm Slhus argjgihtfd era` tmf hicgfit Bhlohi Gllwrghis zma gi Tfoflgkhs fwfs zfrf tmf ftmigc lhijvhjf bhsfd Sfrbs, g)f), tmf s~fhofrs ae Ohkohughi, Smtaohughi, hid Cmhohughi dghlfcts) 45

Ifufrtmflfss, Strhtg`graug dgd iat hccf~t hs h zmalf Tfoflgkhs caicf~tae tmf Ohkohughi Smtaohughi Cmhohughi lhijvhjf bhsfd Sfrbghi ihtgai) TmfOhrlaucg @ftra~algthi tmavjmt tmht ailw tmf Artmada} Cmrgstghi ~a~vlhtgai ae tmf Savtm Slhus zma s~aof ailw tmf Smtaohughi dghlfct bflaijfd ta tmf jfivgif ftmigc lhijvhjf bhsfd Sfrbda`) Hs h rfsvlt, tmf Slaufifs -tmf Ra`hiChtmalgc hid Ohkohughi s~fhogij ~a~vlhtgai era` Chrgitmgh, Chrigalh, hid Stwrgh', tmf Bvljhrghis -Bvljhrghi s~fhogij ~a~vlhtgai era` tmf fhstfri Bhl 46 Tmf ear`fr Sfrba Crahtghi lhijvhjf gs s~aofi gi tmrff dghlfcts; tmf Ohkohughi,Smtaohughi, hid Cmhohughi) Tmf `hkargtw ae ~rfsfit dhw Crahts s~fho tmf Smtaohughi dghlfct)Hll Sfrbs zfrf hid hrf s~fhogij ailw tmf Smtaohughi) Tmf Ohkohughi dghlfct mhs h Crahtghi hidSlaufighi ufrsgai) Tmf Cmhohughi zhs hid gs s~aofi ailw bw Crahts)45 Hbavt tmf clhg`s tmht hicgfit Bhlohi Gllwrghis zfrf ailw tmf ftmigc Sfrbs, sff ) , , - - ; , 2>>3'? ) , -; , 8777'? ) ), ) ) , hid ) ) , -;, 2>>7')


17/22


ohis', hid tmf Crahts -tmf Ra`hi Chtmalgc hid Ohkohughi hid Cmhohughi

s~fhogij ~a~vlhtgai era` Crahtgh, Slhuaigh, hid Dhl`htgh' zfrf f}clvdfdera` tmf ca``vigtw ae Srthtg`graug s rflgjgai lhijvhjf bhsfd Sfrbghi ihtgai hid svbsfxvfitlw era` mgs SlhuaigcSfrbghi sthtf) 4:

Hs tfrrgtarghl ca`~fishtgai era` tmf Atta`hi F`~grf, tmf Mhbsbvrj@aihrcmw zhs ta rfcfguf tmf eallazgij;

8' tmf zfstfri ~hrt ae tmf sa chllfd Tvrogsm Crahtgh, g)f), tmf lhidsbftzffi tmf Vih Rgufr hid ^ftrauh Jarh? hid

2' tmf lhids bftzffi Trhiswluhigh, tmf Dhivbf Rgufr, hid tmf AlthRgufr)4=

Gi atmfr zards, ear cfdgij Srf` hid savtmfri Dhl`htgh ta tmf Sfrbghi

trgbvthrw sthtf zmgcm zavld bf df gvrf zgtmgi tmf Atta`hi F`~grf, tmfMhbsbvrj @aihrcmw zavld abthgi era` Tvrofw iartmzfstfri Basigh hid tmfsavtm zfstfriàst ~hrt ae Zhlhcmgh) Hccardgij ta Strhtg`graug , tmf tfrrgtargfs zmgcm zavld bf cfdfd ta tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw bw tmf Atta`hi F`~grfzfrf trg~lf tmf hrfh ae tmf tfrrgtargfs zmgcm tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw zavldcfdf ta h vigegfd Sfrbghi ihtgaihl sthtf) Ear tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi, giclvsgai ae tmf tfrrgtarw ae Srf` gita vigtfd Sfrbgh zhs ae g`~arthicf ta tmf Sfrbssgicf fgjmtw ~frcfit ae gts ~a~vlhtgai caisgstfd ae tmf Jrfca Artmada} bflgfufrs, g)f), tmf Sfrbs hid tzfitw ~frcfit tmf Ra`hi Chtmalgcs, g)f), tmf

4: Ai tmf igitffitm cfitvrw gdfhs ae ftmigc!ihtgaihl gdfitgegchtgai ae tmf Savtm Slhus hccardgijta tmf dghlfcts ae tmf Savtm Slhugc lhijvhjfs, sff ) , , gi

- , 8:=3!87:6', 84:? ) , , gi - , 8757', 35354? ^hufl Ka{fe heh go, Jfscmgcmtf dfr slhzgscmfi S~rhcmf vid Lgtfrhtvr -Bvdh, 8725'? ^huflKa{fe heh go, Slazhisow irada~gs -^rhjvf; Z ^rh{f, 8=42!8766', 8454:? ) ) , , gi -, 8=47',82:? Kfrifk Oa~gthr, ^htrgatsof ehith{gkf kfdiaj Slaufih, Uhtfrlidgscmf Bltfr -8=8>'?Kfrifk Oa~gthr, Sfrbgch -Bfljrhdf; Iaug Shd @htgch sr~soh, 87=4'? Kasfe Dabrauso ,Jfscmgcmtf dfr bm`gscmf S~rhcmf vid Lgtfrhtvr -Zgfi, 8:72!8=8='? K) Oallr, , gi -8=36'? Erhic@golag, Sfrbgscm vid cmaruhtgscm, gi Ufrjlfgcmfidf Jrh`htgo dfr slhzgscmfi S~rhcmfi -Zgfi, 8=62!8=:7'? ) , -, 8=46'? ) , ) - , 877:'? Hitf Sthr fug, âlgtg og s~gsg -[hjrfb;[ihikf, 87:8'? Guhi Dfroas, Jfigvs ~htrghf sv~fr dar`gfitgbvs sgvs eglggs -[hjrfb; [hjrhbhgf,

8=32'? Khioa Drh oaug, Dgsfrthtgh glgtg rh{jauar, dhrauhi jas~adg ~aolgshra` {hoaisog` gbvdv f` {hoaiatuarcf` orhlkfugihm ih gm -Ohrlauhc, 8732'? Ulhdgslhu B) Satgraug , Sr~sogoaàiuflt -Ugligvs; ~rguhtia g{dhikf, 2>88')4= ) ) , , 8:24? ) , , 872>)


18/22


~rfsfit dhw Crahts, hid hlsa bfchvsf tmf sfht ae tmf Sfrbghi Cmvrcm zhs gi

Srf` gi tmf cgtw ae Srf`sog Ohrlaucg)Gi drhetgij mgs ~lhi ae tmf Sfrbghi sthtf, Strhtg`graug taao gita caisgdfrhtgai ~assgblf ifjhtguf gitfrihtgaihl rfhctgais ta tmf rf crfhtgai ae h ihtgaihl sthtf ae tmf Sfrbs) Mf oifz ufrw zfll tmht tmfrf zfrf gi caitf`~arhrwFvra~f sfufrhl sthtfs, svcm hs Erhicf, Jrfht Brgthgi, hid tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw, zmasf hitgcg~htfd Bhlohi ~algcw zhs aif ae tmzhrtgij tmf Atta`hiF`~grfs dgsgitfjrhtgai) Ear gisthicf, Hvstrghi @gigstfr ^rf`gfr Ohvigt{a~filw hiiavicfd tmht tmf svruguhl ae tmf Atta`hi F`~grf zhs hbsalvtflwcaisgstfit zgtm Hvstrghi earfgji ~algcw gi savtmfhstfri Fvra~f) 47 Oiazgijtmht, hid gi ardfr ta off~ tmf caitf`~arhrw Fvra~fhi bhlhicf ae ~azfr hidFvra~fhi dg~la`htgc mavsf ae chrds vicmhijfd, Strhtg`graug fiugshjfd hlgbfrhtfd hid vigegfd Sfrbgh hs ~hrt ae tmf Atta`hi F`~grf)

Hccardgij ta tmf hvtmar ae tmf @fàrhidv` , thogij gita hccavit tmflazfr lfufl ae jfifrhl fdvchtgai ae tmf Atta`hi Sfrbs, tmf ihtgaihl sthtf ae tmf Sfrbs mhd ta mhuf h àihrcmgchl hid iat h rf~vblgchi caistgtvtgai) Giatmfr zards, mf tmavjmt tmht tmf Sfrbs zfrf iat wft sveegcgfitlw `htvrf ta a~frhtf vidfr h rf~vblgchi caistgtvtgai) Strhtg`graug oifz tmht ht tmht tg`f tmfSfrbs mhd ifgtmfr tmf rf~rfsfithtgufs ae h ihtgaihl dwihstw ar h ~algtgchl hrgstacrhcw) Gi caitf`~lhtgij h evtvrf mfhd ae h Sfrbghi àihrcmgchl sthtf mf caiclvdfd tmht tmf bfst salvtgai zhs tmf flfuhtgai ae aif ae tmf Rvssghi JrhidDvofs ta svcm h ~asgtgai) Gi tmf atmfr zards, Sfrbghs rvlfr mhd ta bf h `f`bfr ae tmf Rvssghi g`~frghl dwihstw ae tmf Ra`hiaus ~rg`hrglw sgicf tmfwzfrf ae tmf sh`f Cmrgstghi Artmada} rflgjgai hs tmf Sfrbs) Tmf Rvssghi JrhidDvof tmfi zavld bf h~~agitfd dgrfctlw bw Tshr Hlf}hidfr G Ra`hiau hs Sfrbghs rvlfr) Tmgs Jrhid Dvof zavld ca`f ta Sfrbgh zgtm h Rvssghi `glgthrwcaitgijfit ae eavr tmavshid saldgfrs) Tmfw zavld bf tmf ~rgicg~hl jvhrhitffae Sfrbghi lgbfrtw) Svbsfxvfitlw, h vigegfd Sfrbghi ihtgaihl sthtf zavld bfca`f tmf trgbvthrw, hvtaiaàvs, sf`g gidf~fidfit, Artmada} Jrhid Dvcmwvidfr Rvssghi ~htraihjf hid ailw ear`hllw rfcajig{f tmf Svlthis sv{frhgitw)Tmf @vslg` ~a~vlhtgai zgtmgi tmf rflgjgai lhijvhjf bhsfd Sfrbghi JrhidDvcmw zavld mhuf tmf rgjmt ae erff f}~rfssgai ae tmfgr ehgtm)

Evrtmfr, gi tmf fufit tmht tmf Rvssghi F`~frar dfclgifd ta ia`gihtf aifae tmf Rvssghi g`~frghl Jrhid Dvofs ta bf tmf saufrfgji ae Sfrbgh, hccardgijta tmf @fàrhidv` , tmf Sfrbghi rvlfr zavld tmfi bf cmasfi era` tmf Jfr`hi^ratfsthit Dvofs gistfhd ae tmf Rvssghi ~rftfidfr ta tmf Sfrbghi tmraif) Fugdfitlw, Strhtg`graug s egr` rfxvgrf`fit zgtm rfs~fct ta Sfrbghs àihrcm zhstmht tmf ~frsai zma jaufrifd Sfrbgh cavld iat bf ae tmf Ra`hi Chtmalgc rflgjgai( Strhtg`graug ~rfsv`fd tmht h Ra`hi Chtmalgc Dvof zavld iat zhit

47 Igcalhf Garjh, Jfscmgcmtf dfs As`higscmfi Rfgcmfs -Jatmh ^frtmfs, 8783', 3)


19/22


ta caiufrt ta tmf Artmada} ehgtm gi ardfr ta hssv`f tmf Sfrbghi tmraif) Gi tmgs

rfs~fct, tmf hvtmar ae tmf @fàrhidv` bflgfufd tmht h ^ratfsthit Dvof zavldbf àrf lgoflw ta bfca`f h `f`bfr ae tmf Artmada} Cmvrcm tmhi h Ra`hiChtmalgc) Ifufrtmflfss, Strhtg`graug sgicfrflw bflgfufd tmht tmfrf zavld bfgitfrfstfd iablf`fi ae tmf Rvssghi g`~frghl cavrt zma zavld lgof ta bf h~~agitfd bw tmf Rvssghi F`~frar hs Sfrbghs àihrcm) Mgs bflgfe zhs bhsfd aitmf chsf ae Rvssghi Cavit Zhldf`hr Scm`fthv zma gi 8::4 mhd ~vt mg`sfle eartm hs svcm h chidgdhtf hid fufi trgfd ta ~rauf tmht mf zhs hi hctvhl dfscfidfit ae tmf Sfrbghi `fdghfuhl Dvof Lh{hr Mrfbflkhiaug -ogllfd dvrgij tmfOasaua Bhttlf ai Kvif 2=, 83=7') 6>

Gi mgs @fàrhidv` tmf ~ra~asfd Sfrbghi ihtgaihl sthtf zmgcm zhs ta bffsthblgsmfd zgtm Rvssghi sv~~art hid evictgai vidfr tmf Rvssghi ~ratfctarhtftmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi chllfd gt tmf ) Tmgs

SlhuaigcSfrbghi sthtf zhs ta bf h àihrcmgchl aif, hvtaiaàvs hid Artmada}, zgtm tmf Jrhid Dvof hs tmf mfhd ae gt) Caisfxvfitlw, mgs ~ra~asfd ihtgaihl sthtf ae tmf Sfrbs zhs hi hvtaiaàvs Artmada} SlhuaigcSfrbghiJrhid Dvcmw vidfr tmf Rvssghi ~ratfctarhtf zgtmgi tmf Atta`hi F`~grf) Gicaiclvsgai, Strhtg`graug s rflgjgai lhijvhjf bhsfd - zavld giclvdf tmf fitgrf Savtm Slhugc ~a~vlhtgai zmasf àtmfrtaijvf zhs tmf Smtaohughi dghlfct hid tmf ihtgaihl rflgjgai, CmrgstghiArtmada}w)

Zmfi tmf Rvssghi @gigstfr ae Earfgji Heehgrs, Dvof Hdh` C{hrtarwsog-zma zhs h Ra`hi Chtmalgc âlf', rfhd Strhtg`graug s ~lhi ai tmf crfhtgaiae h SlhuaigcSfrbghi Jrhid Dvcmw mf rfkfctfd tmf `hgi gdfh) Gistfhd ae Strhtg`graug s ~ra~ashl, C{hrtarwsog ehuarfd tmf fhrlgfr ~lhi zmgcm chllfd eartmf crfhtgai ae tmf Jrffo F`~grf gi tmf Bhlohis zmasf `hgi gdfalajgchl~rathjaigst zhs tmf Rvssghi F`~rfss Chtmfrgif GG) Gi ehct, tmf Rvssghi @gigstfr ae Earfgji Heehgrs mhd h ~lhi ta cfdf ta tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw Crahtgh,Slhuaigh, Dvbrauigo, Bfljrhdf, hid ~hrts ae Zhlhcmgh hid Basigh Mfr{fjaugih) 68 Mazfufr, Chtmfrgif GG, zgtm rfs~fct ta tmf fhrlgfr ~lhi ai tmfdgugsgai ae tmf Atta`hi tfrrgtargfs bftzffi tmf Rvssghi F`~grf hid tmfMhbsbvrj @aihrcmw, dgd iat sv~~art tmf ~rgicg~lf ae ihtgaihl dftfr`gihtgaiae tmf Bhlohi ~fa~lfs hs, ear f}h`~lf, tmf Sfrbs zavld bf s~lgt bftzffi tmfMhbsbvrj @aihrcmw hid tmf Jrffo F`~grf) Gi tmgs rfs~fct, Strhtg`graug s

@fàrhidv` mhd tmf hg` ae ~frsvhdgij tmf Rvssghi hvtmargtgfs ta egihllw rf kfct tmf gdfh ae tmf crfhtgai ae tmf Jrffo F`~grf hid ta hccf~t mgs gdfh ae tmffsthblgsm`fit ae h vigtfd Sfrbghi sthtf) Era` tmf F`~rfsss ~lhi tmf Ohrlaucg

6> ) , ) 8::4, , ia) 78-', 82>)68 ) , , 2>)


20/22


21/22

Tmf @f`arhidv` -8=>4' bw tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi Stfuhi Strhtg`graug 4:

~vblgsmfd gi 8=47) Mazfufr, gi caitrhst ta tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra

~algthis gdfh tmht ailw tmf Savtm Slhugc Artmada} Smtaohughis~fhogij ~a~vlhtgai bflaijfd ta tmf Sfrbda`, Ohrhd g zhscaiugicfd tmht tmf fitgrf Savtm Slhugc ~a~vlhtgai zma s~aof tmfSmtaohughi dghlfct, rfjhrdlfss ae tmfgr Ra`hi Chtmalgc, @vslg`,ar Artmada} rflgjgavs heeglghtgais, ca`~asfd tmf jfivgif ftmigcSfrbghi ihtgai) 64

4' Strhtg`graug s iatgai ae h ~algtgchllw vigtfd Sfrbghi ihtgai,crfhtfd era` tmf tfrrgtargfs ae batm tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw hidtmf Atta`hi F`~grf zgtmgi tmf sgijlf bardfrs ae h ihtgaihl sthtf,gis~grfd tmf ~guathl Sfrbghi igiftffitm cfitvrw ~algtgcghi Glgkh Jhrhhigi zma gi 8=44 lhvicmfd tmf gdfh ae h ~algtgchllw vigtfdlhijvhjf bhsfd Sfrbghi ihtgai ae tmf Smtaohughi dghlfct gi mgs

~algtgchl gdfalajgchl zaro Ih frthigkf - Drhet ') 66

Caiclvsgai

Tmf Ohrlaucg @ftra~algthi Stfuhi Strhtg`graug crfhtfd tmf gdfh ae hihvtaia`avs trgbvthrw rflgjgai lhijvhjf bhsfd Artmada} Smtaohughi SlhuaigcSfrbghi sthtf gi 8=>4) Tmf sthtf zhs ta bf jaufrifd bw tmf RvssghiJrhid Dvof, vidfr tmf Rvssghi ~algtgchl `glgthrw ~ratfctarhtf, hs zfll hs ta bfailw ia`gihllw giclvdfd gita tmf Atta`hi F`~grf hid ta ~hw hi hiivhl eg}fdtrgbvtf ta tmf Tvrogsm Svlthi hs gts sv{frhgi) Strhtg`graug s caicf~t ae h ~algtgchllw vigtfd rflgjgai lhijvhjf bhsfd Sfrbghi ihtgai zgtmgi tmf bardfrs ae hsgijlf ihtgaihl sthtf hitgcg~htfd vigegchtgai ae tmf mgstargchl hid ftmigc Sfrbghitfrrgtargfs era` batm tmf Atta`hi F`~grf hid tmf Mhbsbvrj @aihrcmw) Mgsiatgai ae ihtgaihl gdfitgegchtgai ae tmf Sfrbs zhs giiauhtguf ht tmht tg`f) Giatmfr zards, mf crfhtfd tmf gdfh ae h Sfrbghi ihtgai ca`bgigij tmf crgtfrgh ae lhijvhjf hid rflgjgavs ~rgicg~lf) Hs h rfsvlt, hccardgij ta Strhtg`graug , tmfSfrbghi ihtgai zhs gdfitgegfd hs tmf fitgrf Cmrgstghi Artmada} Savtm Slhugc~a~vlhtgai zma s~aof tmf Smtaohughi - ' dghlfct) Svbsfxvfitlw, hllBhlohi tfrrgtargfs sfttlfd bw tmf Artmada} Smtaohughi Savtm Slhus mhd ta bfgiclvdfd gita h vigegfd Sfrbghi ihtgaihl sthtf) Strhtg`graug s gdfhs zfrf

64 ) ) , , gi -, 8=47', 82:? Satgraug , Sr~sog, 36:8)66 Satgraug, Sr~sog, :2=5) Hbavt Ih frthigkf , sff ) , ) -8=44' -; , 8773') Ai GlgkhJhrh higi hs h sthtfs`hi hid dg~la`ht, sff Dhugd @hcofi{gf, Glgkh Jhrh higi; Bhlohi

Bg{`hrco -Ifz Waro; Fhst Fvra~fhi @aiajrh~ms Bavldfr, Dgstrgbvtfd bw Calv`bghVigufrsgtw ^rfss, 87=6')


22/22


f}~rfssfd gi tmf @fàrhidv` svb`gttfd ta tmf Rvssghi F`~frar Hlf}hidfr G

Ra`hiau) ^radvcfd ht h ~guathl tg`f, tmf @fàrhidv` zhs aif ae tmf `hkarcaitrgbvtgais ta tmf mgstarw ae Sfrbghi àdfri ~algtgchl dactrgifs hidgdfalajgfs) Aif ae tmf àst g`~arthit ihtgaihl sthtf ~rakfcts, gt zhs crfhtfd hth crgtgchl tg`f dvrgij tmf tvrigij ~agit gi Sfrbghi mgstarw; ht tmf tg`f ae tmfEgrst Sfrbghi V~rgsgij -8=>483')

Tmfrf zfrf `hiw ~lhis dvrgij tmf v~rgsgij caiifctfd zgtm tmf xvfstgai ae Sfrbghi lgbfrhtgai hid ihtgaihl ~algtgchl vigegchtgai) Tmf @fàrhidv` zhsaif ae tmf àst g`~arthit)

usatgraugcN`rvig)fv

ulhdgslhu-b-satgraugcNcrvcgegfd-oasaua)fv

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Memorandum SSJ 2012 Printed Version