Metabolism & Molecules of Life

Hot Seat

Many organic molecules are made of repeating units of individual molecules called __________.

• Monomers

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

A. StarchB. SucroseC. GlucoseD. Galactose

The synthesis (production) of a protein from amino acids is

A. PhotosynthesisB. Cellular respirationC. HydrolysisD. Dehydration synthesis

The chemical reactions used in the process of food digestion are _________.

A. dehydration reactionsB. hydrolysis reactionsC. condensation reactionsD. very diverse and not categorized

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

• monosaccharide

What is the monomer of a protein?

• Amino Acid

What are the building blocks of a lipid?

• Glycerol and Fatty Acid

Enzymes?

• Your answer choices are: – Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

Primary Energy Source?

• Your answer choices are: – Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

Structure of Cell Membrane?

• Your answer choices are: – Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

Starch?

• Your answer choices are: – Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

Starch is a polymer of _________ molecules.

• Glucose

Hair and Nails?

• Your answer choices are: – Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

Glucose?

• Your answer choices are: – Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

Long term energy storage?

• Your answer choices are: – Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids

What type of energy is stored in food?

• Light• Chemical• Electrical• Thermal

Starch is classified as a

A. DisaccharideB. MonosaccharideC. NucleotideD. Polysaccharide

Lactose is classified as a

A. DisaccharideB. MonosaccharideC. NucleotideD. Polysaccharide

Sucrose is classified as a

A. DisaccharideB. MonosaccharideC. NucleotideD. Polysaccharide

Glucose is classified as a

A. DisaccharideB. MonosaccharideC. NucleotideD. Polysaccharide

Fats that are stored in human tissue contain molecules of

A. Glycerol and fatty acidsB. Amino acidsC. Monosaccharides and disaccharidesD. nucleotides

Is the reaction below a synthesis or decomposition reaction?

Catalase

• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2

• Decomposition because the hydrogen peroxide is being broken down into hydrogen and oxygen gas.

What are the enzyme and substrate in the reaction below?

Catalase

• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2

• Enzyme = Catalase• Substrate = 2H2O2

Why is catalase written on the arrow?

Catalase

• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2

• Because it is not used up in the reaction. It can be used over and over again.

Which are the reactants? Products?

Catalase

• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2

• Hydrogen peroxide – reactant• Hydrogen and oxygen molecules - products

Salivary amylase is an enzyme in our saliva. It only digests…

• Starch

What is the function of an enzyme?

• Speed up or catalyze chemical reactions

Which of the following is characteristic of an enzyme?

A. It is a carbohydrateB. It is destroyed after each chemical reactionC. It provides energy for any chemical reactionD. It increases the rate of a specific chemical

reaction

Which metabolic process is responsible for digesting food molecules?

A. Dehydration synthesisB. Hydrolysis C. PhotosynthesisD. Active transport

The “lock and key” model of enzyme action illustrates that a particular enzyme molecule will…

A. Form a permanent enzyme-substrate complex

B. Be destroyed and reassembled C. Interact with a specific type of substrate

moleculeD. React at identical rates under all conditions

The part of the enzyme molecule into which the substrate fits is called the

A. Active siteB. CoenzymeC. PolypeptideD. lactase

Which graph best illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

T/F

• Each enzyme can catalyze (speed up) many different types of reactions.– FALSE– Enzymes are specific and each enzyme only works

on ONE reaction.

T/F

• An enzyme can only be used once.– FALSE– Enzymes can be used over and over again until

they wear out or denature (change shape because of heat)

What are the reactant(s)? What are the product(s)?

Reactants Products

Is this reaction dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?

Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all joined together from monomers by which

process? a. connecting monosaccharides together

(condensation reactions)b. the addition of water to each monomer

(hydrolysis)c. the removal of water (dehydration reactions)d. ionic bonding of the monomerse. the formation of hydrogen bonds between

monomers

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration synthesis

reactions and hydrolysis? A. Dehydration synthesis reactions assemble

polymers, and hydrolysis breaks down polymers.

B. Dehydration synthesis reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.

C. Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration synthesis reactions break down polymers.

D. A and C are correct.

Identify each of the rxns as endothermic or exothermic.

A B

• A – endothermic• B - exothermic

In an endothermic reaction energy is _________. In an exothermic reaction energy is _________.

– First blank – stored– Second blank - released

What is the activation energy?

What is the activation energy?

• 250 kcal/mol

What is the heat of reaction?

What is the heat of reaction?

• +150 kcal/mol

What does the activation energy provide energy for?

• It breaks the bonds between atoms.

How would adding an enzyme affect the activation energy?

• It would lower it.

Draw a “general” line to represent the relationship.

Answer

Draw a “general” line to represent the relationship.

Answer

What happens to enzyme activity as the substrate concentration increases?

• The enzyme activity increases until all of the enzymes are saturated. At this point all the enzymes are in use and the reaction cannot go any faster.

Draw a “general” line to represent an enzyme that functions best in an acidic environment.

Answer

Draw a “general” line to represent the relationship.

Answer

What happens to enzyme activity as the temperature increases?

• The enzyme activity increases until the temperature gets too hot and the enzyme denatures (changes shape)

Identify the following…

A. EnzymeB. Active siteC. ReactantsD. Products

Which of the reactions below is a hydrolysis reaction? Which of the reactions below is a

dehydration synthesis reaction?

Is this a dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis reaction?

Label the diagram

A. Substrate B. Active site C. EnzymeD. Products