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1
Making the Right Choice
Metal Detection, X-Ray or Both
Robert Rogers
Senior Advisor for Food Safety & Regulation
Mettler Toledo
Making the Right Choice
IFSQN
5/20/16 Robert Rogers
Metal Detection, X-Ray or Both
Agenda
1 Introduction
2 Metal Detection Technology
3 X-Ray Technology
4 Simplifying the Choice
3
Mettler Toledo
Introduction to Mettler Toledo
4
We offer solutions along our customers value chain to help them to:
� Streamline processes
� Enhance productivity
� Reach compliance with regulatory requirements
� Optimize cost and waste
Laboratory
Solutions
Process
Analytics
Industrial
Weighing
Logistics
Solutions
Product
Inspection
Retail
Weighing
Solutions
Increased Focus on Food Safety
Reasons for Product Inspection
5
Food Safety and Inspection Service
FSIS DIRECTIVE 7310.5
FSMA
Poll Question
How many of you currently have Metal Detection, X-Ray or Both?
� Metal Detection
� X-Ray
� Both Metal Detection and X-Ray
� Neither Metal Detection or X-Ray
6
Agenda
1 Introduction
2 Metal Detection Technology
3 X-Ray Technology
4 Simplifying the Choice
7
Metal Detection Systems
Balanced Coil Metal Detection
8
� Most common type
� Conductive principle
� Not suitable for heavy foil packaging
Balanced Coil Metal Detectors 9
Sensitivity
The sensitivity of a metal detector
is defined as the smallest diameter
metal sphere of a specific metal
which is detectable in the center of
the metal detector aperture.
10
Aperture Size 11
Larger Detector = Less Sensitivity
Types of Metal
Metal TypeMagnetic
Permeability
Electrical
Conductivity
Ease of
Detection
Ferrous
(iron)Magnetic
good
electrical
conductor
easily
detected
Non-Ferrous
(aluminium,
brass, copper,
lead)
non-magnetic
generally
good or
excellent
conductor
relatively
easily
detected
Stainless
Steel
(various
grades)
usually non-
magnetic
usually poor
conductors
relatively
difficult to
detect
12
Orientation
Ferrous-Easy Ferrous-Difficult
Non-Ferrous-EasyNon-Ferrous-Difficult
13
Factors Affecting Metal Detector Performance
� Environmental conditions can influence
metal detectors
- Airborne electrical interference
- Plant vibration
- Temperature fluctuations
� Effects are more acute when operating at
high sensitivity
- High sensitivity is only achievable through
a stable detector
- Requires high performance noise and
vibration immunity systems
� During evaluation, comparative tests
should be carried out in-situ
- NOT using lab tests
Environmental Conditions
14
Agenda
1 Introduction
2 Metal Detection Technology
3 X-Ray Technology
4 Simplifying the Choice
15
� Detection based on density
� Compatible with conductive packaging
� Foreign material detection
� Additional quality inspections
X-Ray Inspection Systems 16
Density Detection
Typical X-Ray Layout
User I/O
Connectors
Power Supply
X-ray Generator
Interlock
Circuit
Detector
LAMPSTACK
17
X-ray Generator
Electron Beam
X-ray Beam
(Photons)
High voltage potential between anode and cathode
create an electron beam
X-ray beam is electromagnetic energy transmitted at
a very high frequency and energy.
When electron beam collides with target and is
decelerated resultant energy is either dissipated as
heat (98%) or released as an X-ray photon.
Operation
PRODUCT
18
Control of Physical Contaminants XR
DetectorProduct flow X-ray image
• Each image is made up of ‘pixels’.
• Each pixel can have a value which goes from black to white (0 to 255).
As the product passes over the detector each line of grey level data is rebuilt back into a
complete pack image:
19
Density Chart
(kg/m3)
Water 1.0
Hair 0.32
Cherry Pit 0.56
Insects 0.59
Wood (Oak) 0.65
PP 0.9
Ice 0.92
UHMW 0.94
Nylon 1.15
PVC 1.7
Teflon 2.19
Bone 2.2
Stone 2.52
Glass 2.6
Aluminum 2.71
Iron 7.15
Steel 7.86
SS 7.93
Most food product, slightly
more than 1.0
Not Detectable
Detectable dependent on products
thickness/homogeneity/density and
size of contaminant
Stainless Steel
316
Wood
Specific gravity is the ratio of the
density of a substance compared to
the density (mass of the same unit
volume) of a reference substance
Detection Capability 20
Multiple Quality Inspections
Contamination detection capabilities for
metal, glass, stone, high density plastics
and more.
Ability to count objects and identify if
there are any missing components.
Ability mask certain areas of the
packaging to ensure the best detection
capabilities.
21
Poll Question
Where are your foreign material inspection systems located?
� Raw Material
� Batching/Blending
� Grinding/Cutting/Further Processing
� Packaging/End of Line
22
Agenda
1 Introduction
2 Metal Detection Technology
3 X-Ray Technology
4 Simplifying the Choice
23
Location 24
Raw Material Batching/BlendingGrinding/Cutting/
Further Processing
Packaging/End of Line
HACCP
Application 25
Decision Tree 26
Review
� Identified contamination type
� Metal Detectors work based on conductivity
� X-rays work based on density
� Position in the process
� Multiple inspection considerations
27