1
644 TERENCE J. ASPRAY ETAL. Fisch, A., Pichard, E., Prazuck, T., Leblanc, H., Sibide, Y. & Brucker, G. (1987). Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the rural region of Mali (West Africa): a practical approach. Diabetologia, 30,859-862. Gillum, R. F. (1996). The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in black Americans. New EnglandJournal of Medicine, 335,1597-1598. Greenland, S. & Drescher, K. (1993). Maximum likelihood estimation of the attributable fraction from logistic models. Biometrics, 49,865-872. Helmrich, S. P., Ragland, D. R., Leung, R. W. & Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr (199 1). Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New EngZandJour- nal of Medicine, 325, 147-152. James, W. P. T. (1996). The epidemiology of obesity. Ciba Foundation Symposium 20 1: The Origins and Consequences of Obesity. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 1- 16. Kriska, A. M., LaPorte, R. E., Pettitt, D. J., Charles, M. A., Nelson, R. G., Kuller, L. H., Bennett, P. H. & Knowler, W. C. (1993). The association of physical activity with obesity, fat distribution and glucose intolerance in Pima Indians. Diabe- tologia, 36, 863-869. Last, J. M. (1988). Attributable fraction (exnosedj. In: A D&Gonay if Epidemiology, 2nd edn, Last, j. M. ‘(editor). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 9-10. Levitt, N. S., Katzenellenbogen, J. M., Bradshaw,D., Hoffman, M. N. & Bonnici, F. (1993). The prevalence and identifica- tion of risk factors for NIDDM in urban Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. Diabetes Care, 16,601-607. Mbanya, J. C., Ngogang, J., Salah, J. N., Minkoulou, E. & Balkau, B. (1997). Prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural and an urban population in Cameroon. Diabetologib, 40, 824-829. McLarty, D. G., Swai, A. B., Kitange, H. M., Masuki, G., Mtinangi, B. L., Kilima, P. M., Makene, W. J., Chuwa, L. M. & Alberti, K. G. (1989). Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in rural Tanzania. Lancet, i, 87 l-875. McLarty, D, Unwin, N., Kitange, H. & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1996). Diabetes as a cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa: results of a community-based study in Tanzania. Diabetic Medicine, 13, 990-994. M&arty, D., Pollitt, C., Swai, A., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1997). Epidemiology of diabetes in Africa. In: Diabetes in Africa, Gill, G., Mbanya, J.-C. & Alberti, K. (editors). Cam- bridge, UK: FSG Communications, pp. 1- 18. Omar, M. A., Seedat, M. A., Motala, A. A., Dyer, R. B. & Becker, P. (1993). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a group of urban South African blacks. South African Medical Yournal, 83, 641-643. Omran, A. (197 1 j. The epidem&logic t&&ition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 49, 509-538. Panz, V. R. & Joffe, B. I. (1999). Impact of HIV infection and AIDS on prevalence of tvne 2 diabetes in South Africa in 2010. Bri&hMedicalJou&& 318, 1351. Unwin,N.,Alberti,G.,Aspray,T., Edwards,R.,Mbanya, J. C., Sobngwi, E., Mugusi, F., Rashid, S., Setel, P. &Whiting, D. (1999). Tackling the emerging pandemic of non-communic- able diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the essential NCD health intervention project. Public Health, 113, 141-146. WHO (1992). World Health Statistics Annual. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO (1996). Hypertension Control. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva: World Health Organization. Technical Report Series, no. 862. WHO (1998). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epi- demic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/NUT/NCD/98.1. Wilson, P., Paffenbarger, R., Morris, J. N. & Havlik, R. J. (1986). Assessment methods for physical activity and physical fitness in population studies: a report of a NHLBI workshop. American HeanJournal, 111, 1177-1192. Received 10 April 2000; revised 19 May 2000; accepted for publication 24 May 2000 Book Review Microbial Pathogenesis: a Principles-Orientated Approach Bruce A. McClane and Timothy A. Mietzner (editors) and John N. Dowling and Bruce A. Phillips (co- editors). Madison: Fence Creek Publishing, 2000. xii + 485~~. Price E15.95. ISBN l-889325-27-9. Microbial Pathogenesis is designed as a course supple- ment for first- and second-year medical students. The paper-backed volume is divided into 29 chapters which provide a basic introduction to the principles ofmicrobial growth, physiology and antimicrobial strategies, modes of transmission, colonization and subversion of host defences, mechanisms of host damage, the genetics of virulence, the outcome of infection and the principles of vaccines. As with other titles in this Integrated Medical Sciences Series from Fence Creek, the content is ex- pressly designed to explain the basic science principles that underlie a &en clinical condition. This is achieved by dividing ea& chapter into 3 distinct sections. First a clinical case relevant to the subject matter of the chapter is introduced, next the fundamental microbiological principles and details are given, and finally the clinical case resolution is described which draws upon the basic science content of the chapter in order to explain the outcome. At the conclusion of each chapter there are a number of multiple-choice questions which review the reader’s understanding of the subject matter followed by the answers and helpful explanatory summaries. In general, this approach works well and helps to divide this very broad subject matter into a digestible set ofbite- sized chunks. Perhaps inevitably, given the scope of the topics, the coverage of some areas is rather superficial. For example metabolism and nutrient acquisition, although funda- mental to bacterial survival, are barely mentioned. How- ever, throughout the book the authors do encourage the reader to visit more specialized texts to address each area in more detail. In this context it would have been helpful to have included specific suggestions for further reading or to have highlighted some of the extensive Internet resources that are now available. Another shortcoming is the omission of any references to the current frenzied research activity in the fields of microbial genomics and the interplay between bacteria and the pattern recogni- tion systems of the innate host defences. Whilst not absolutely essential to an initial understanding of patho- genesis, an attempt to convey the level of excitement which currently surrounds advances in these areas may have helped to persuade the reader to delve into this burgeoning literature and even to consider a future research career in the molecular basis of infectious disease. Nonetheless, MicrobiaZ Pathogenesis is a very useful addition to medical-undergraduate learning resources and would not even be out of place on the bookshelf of basic-microbiology students who would benefit from a text which neatly illustrates the clinical relevance and outcomes of the interaction between micro-organisms and their host. Medical Microbiology Mike Curtis St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dent&y 32, Newark Street London El 2AA, UK The book is available from Blackwell Science, phone +44 (0) 1865 206233, fax +44 (0) 1865 206026, e-mail [email protected]

Microbial pathogenesis: a principles-orientated approach: Bruce A. McClane and Timothy A. Mietzner (editors) and John N. Dowling and Bruce A. Phillips (coeditors). Madison: Fence Creek

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Page 1: Microbial pathogenesis: a principles-orientated approach: Bruce A. McClane and Timothy A. Mietzner (editors) and John N. Dowling and Bruce A. Phillips (coeditors). Madison: Fence Creek

644 TERENCE J. ASPRAY ETAL.

Fisch, A., Pichard, E., Prazuck, T., Leblanc, H., Sibide, Y. & Brucker, G. (1987). Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the rural region of Mali (West Africa): a practical approach. Diabetologia, 30,859-862.

Gillum, R. F. (1996). The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in black Americans. New EnglandJournal of Medicine, 335,1597-1598.

Greenland, S. & Drescher, K. (1993). Maximum likelihood estimation of the attributable fraction from logistic models. Biometrics, 49,865-872.

Helmrich, S. P., Ragland, D. R., Leung, R. W. & Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr (199 1). Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New EngZandJour- nal of Medicine, 325, 147-152.

James, W. P. T. (1996). The epidemiology of obesity. Ciba Foundation Symposium 20 1: The Origins and Consequences of Obesity. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 1 - 16.

Kriska, A. M., LaPorte, R. E., Pettitt, D. J., Charles, M. A., Nelson, R. G., Kuller, L. H., Bennett, P. H. & Knowler, W. C. (1993). The association of physical activity with obesity, fat distribution and glucose intolerance in Pima Indians. Diabe- tologia, 36, 863-869.

Last, J. M. (1988). Attributable fraction (exnosedj. In: A D&Gonay if Epidemiology, 2nd edn, Last, j. M. ‘(editor). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 9-10.

Levitt, N. S., Katzenellenbogen, J. M., Bradshaw,D., Hoffman, M. N. & Bonnici, F. (1993). The prevalence and identifica- tion of risk factors for NIDDM in urban Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. Diabetes Care, 16,601-607.

Mbanya, J. C., Ngogang, J., Salah, J. N., Minkoulou, E. & Balkau, B. (1997). Prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural and an urban population in Cameroon. Diabetologib, 40, 824-829.

McLarty, D. G., Swai, A. B., Kitange, H. M., Masuki, G., Mtinangi, B. L., Kilima, P. M., Makene, W. J., Chuwa, L. M. & Alberti, K. G. (1989). Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in rural Tanzania. Lancet, i, 87 l-875.

McLarty, D, Unwin, N., Kitange, H. & Alberti, K. G. M. M.

(1996). Diabetes as a cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa: results of a community-based study in Tanzania. Diabetic Medicine, 13, 990-994.

M&arty, D., Pollitt, C., Swai, A., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1997). Epidemiology of diabetes in Africa. In: Diabetes in Africa, Gill, G., Mbanya, J.-C. & Alberti, K. (editors). Cam- bridge, UK: FSG Communications, pp. 1 - 18.

Omar, M. A., Seedat, M. A., Motala, A. A., Dyer, R. B. & Becker, P. (1993). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a group of urban South African blacks. South African Medical Yournal, 83, 641-643.

Omran, A. (197 1 j. The epidem&logic t&&ition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 49, 509-538.

Panz, V. R. & Joffe, B. I. (1999). Impact of HIV infection and AIDS on prevalence of tvne 2 diabetes in South Africa in 2010. Bri&hMedicalJou&& 318, 1351.

Unwin,N.,Alberti,G.,Aspray,T., Edwards,R.,Mbanya, J. C., Sobngwi, E., Mugusi, F., Rashid, S., Setel, P. &Whiting, D. (1999). Tackling the emerging pandemic of non-communic- able diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the essential NCD health intervention project. Public Health, 113, 141-146.

WHO (1992). World Health Statistics Annual. Geneva: World Health Organization.

WHO (1996). Hypertension Control. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva: World Health Organization. Technical Report Series, no. 862.

WHO (1998). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epi- demic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/NUT/NCD/98.1.

Wilson, P., Paffenbarger, R., Morris, J. N. & Havlik, R. J. (1986). Assessment methods for physical activity and physical fitness in population studies: a report of a NHLBI workshop. American HeanJournal, 111, 1177-1192.

Received 10 April 2000; revised 19 May 2000; accepted for publication 24 May 2000

Book Review

Microbial Pathogenesis: a Principles-Orientated Approach Bruce A. McClane and Timothy A. Mietzner (editors) and John N. Dowling and Bruce A. Phillips (co- editors). Madison: Fence Creek Publishing, 2000. xii + 485~~. Price E15.95. ISBN l-889325-27-9.

Microbial Pathogenesis is designed as a course supple- ment for first- and second-year medical students. The paper-backed volume is divided into 29 chapters which provide a basic introduction to the principles ofmicrobial growth, physiology and antimicrobial strategies, modes of transmission, colonization and subversion of host defences, mechanisms of host damage, the genetics of virulence, the outcome of infection and the principles of vaccines. As with other titles in this Integrated Medical Sciences Series from Fence Creek, the content is ex- pressly designed to explain the basic science principles that underlie a &en clinical condition. This is achieved by dividing ea& chapter into 3 distinct sections. First a clinical case relevant to the subject matter of the chapter is introduced, next the fundamental microbiological principles and details are given, and finally the clinical case resolution is described which draws upon the basic science content of the chapter in order to explain the outcome. At the conclusion of each chapter there are a number of multiple-choice questions which review the reader’s understanding of the subject matter followed by the answers and helpful explanatory summaries. In general, this approach works well and helps to divide this very broad subject matter into a digestible set ofbite- sized chunks.

Perhaps inevitably, given the scope of the topics, the coverage of some areas is rather superficial. For example

metabolism and nutrient acquisition, although funda- mental to bacterial survival, are barely mentioned. How- ever, throughout the book the authors do encourage the reader to visit more specialized texts to address each area in more detail. In this context it would have been helpful to have included specific suggestions for further reading or to have highlighted some of the extensive Internet resources that are now available. Another shortcoming is the omission of any references to the current frenzied research activity in the fields of microbial genomics and the interplay between bacteria and the pattern recogni- tion systems of the innate host defences. Whilst not absolutely essential to an initial understanding of patho- genesis, an attempt to convey the level of excitement which currently surrounds advances in these areas may have helped to persuade the reader to delve into this burgeoning literature and even to consider a future research career in the molecular basis of infectious disease.

Nonetheless, MicrobiaZ Pathogenesis is a very useful addition to medical-undergraduate learning resources and would not even be out of place on the bookshelf of basic-microbiology students who would benefit from a text which neatly illustrates the clinical relevance and outcomes of the interaction between micro-organisms and their host.

Medical Microbiology Mike Curtis

St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dent&y 32, Newark Street London El 2AA, UK

The book is available from Blackwell Science, phone +44 (0) 1865 206233, fax +44 (0) 1865 206026, e-mail [email protected]