-
START MICROFILM COLLECTION
OF MANUSCRIPTS ON / CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
'i
FORMERLY: MICROFILM COLLECTION OF MANUSCRIPTS ON AMERICA* INDIAN
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
AND . MICROFILM COLLECTIONS OF MANUSCRIPTS ON THE MIDDLE
AMERICAN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
/
Series:, LXXVII No: 396_
Photographed by: —
Department of Photoduplication - The Joseph Regenstein
Library
University of Chicago - Chicago, III. 60637
REDUCTION RATIO: 12X » j
-
(
Monosyllable Dictionary
cf the
Tzeltal Language' J
(Oxchuc)
b y
Harvey B. Sarles
San Crist6bal de Las Casas
February, 1961
MICROFILM COLLECTION.
0 F
MANUSCRIPTS
ON
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
No. 396
Series LXXVII
University of Chicago Library
Chicago, Illinois
December 15, 1990
-
MONOSYLLABLE DICTIONARY
OF THE
TZELTAL LANGUAGE
by
HARVEY B. SARLES
I
v
February, 19^1
-
MONOSYLLABLE DICTIONARY OF THE TZELTAL LANGUAGE
This dictionary contains an almost complete liBt of the
monosyllables of a speaker of the Tzeltal language. The
informant who gave this list is from the pueblo of Oxchuc,
State of Chiapas, Mexico.
The method used in collecting the material was based on
a logical construction of phoneme combinations - assuming
advance knowledge* of the phonemes. The kind of question
asked was of the form: Does such and such a sequence of
phonemes exist? Meanwhile I attempted to construct vocally
the particular sound combination. The informant would
usually go through some kind of rumination, saying the
word oyer and over, with various combinations of
constructions
before answering. Since, however, this sort of work tends
to be both boring and tedious, and since my pronunciation
might be misleading, this list probably includes only
some 9O-95P/0 of all his monosyllables, perhaps less.
The main reason for collecting, in this fashion, the
monosyllables in this language is that the 'basie' forms
(roots K^if the language are CV, CVC, and CVhC. Most of
the longer constructions may, under analysis, however,
be broken down into the ultimate monosyllables. A fair
number of such monosyllables occur as independent words.
It fs already known, from field work in process, that
such words do not constitute all of the roots in the
language. A great deal of work will have to be done
before any k^nd of realistic statistics can be obtained
on the relation between roots which are monosyllables and
those which are not.
Besides being a useful reference dictionary, the
monosyllable list is also an aid in compiarative work.
It Is inpg'^systematic form and can be put into other
useful forms with a minimum of difficulty, We can run
statistics on the occurrences of some phonemes with
other phonemes, note the distributions of such combinations
of phonemes, and note any systematic 'holes’ in
distributions.
-
ii. Each of these descriptive facts in turn, can be useful
for comparative purposes.
Uses other than the linguistic can be found for a chart
such as this. Several anthropologists have already used
some of these words as a basis for asking new questions.
Since the.list was gathered in terms of the original
language, it has turned up some words that have not
occurred in texts or in the vocabularies of people who
have set out to learn the language. 'And it has, perhaps,
turned up some words which would not be talked about
otherwise - words referring to concepts which are ge erally
'not talked about' for any number of reasons, sacred or
profane.
The dictionary itself is composed of 2100 'spaces' -
of the shapes CVC and CV. Some of these are occupied)
the others are assumed not to exist, at least as words .
(or free forms). In addition, there are 'n' number of
spaces which are occupied by forme' of the shape CVhC -
'n' being the number of forms which actually occur. The
chart is numbered consecutively from 1 to 2100, with
additions for the CVhC forms.
Each set of 100 is determined by the final phoneme in
the series; 1 to 100 has /-p/ for the final phoneme,
101 to 200 has /-t/, etc.
Within each set of 100, there are 20 sets of 5 each,
determined by the initial consonant. 1 - 5 in each 100
begins with /p-/, 6-10 with /t-/, etc. Each of the
small series of 5 is determined by the appropriate vowel;
thus the 1st in each set of 5 has vowel /-i-/, the 2nd,
vowel /-e/, etc. i
In this manner the distributions (or holes in distri-_
bution) are clearly seen. ,In addition, we leave room
to add all roots WhTch do not occur as monosyllables.
-
11 i
The numbering
Final ( Nos .
-p l^ffco
-t 101-200
-t 201-500
-l 501-400
• f ^ 401-500
-5 501-600
-i 601-700 -k 701-800
-k 801-900
-’ * 901-1000
-b 1001-1100
-s 1101-1200
-S 1201=1500
-h 1501-1400
-m 1401-1500
-n 1501-1600
-w 1601-1700
-y 1701-1800
-1 1801-1900
-r 1901-2000
-0 2001-2100
sequences (ALPHABET)
Initial Nos.
p- xxl - xx5
t- xx6 - xlO
t- xll - xl5
0- xl6 - x20
- x21 - x25
5- x26 - x50 -
are as follows:
Vowel Wos.
-i- xxl xx6
* -e- xx2 xx7
-a- xx5 xx8
-o- xx4~ xx9
-u- xx5 xxO
x51 - x55
k- X56 f x40f
k- x4l - x45
x46 - x50
b- x51 - x55
s- x56 - *60
S- x6l - X65
h-7 x66 - x70
m- x71 - x75
n- X76 - x8o
w- x8l - X85
y- x86 - x90
1- x91 - x95
r- X96 - xOO
In addition there are several abbreviations:
*NC* - numeral classifier _
interj. - interjection as it would be if English *
rel. - related to (the connection is still vague or unknown)
intr. - intransitive
in gen. - the generic term
g. - 'groserfa'j i.e., would be a 'swear' word in English
and
Seems to embarrass the informant
Sp. - Spanish (form) - if apparently related or a direct
translation ^ 7 ^
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1
0001 pip
2
3 4
5 6 tip
7 8
9 10
11
12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21
22
23 24
25
26
27
2 Th
28
tip
^ep
f^op
(?ap
j?up
*bep
cehp
'bap
sound (of car horn, duck)
I
to push two things together, to obstruct
sound (of a small bird which sings only
in wet season) i v
/ ‘
to cut with a machete
type of plant
to stick a pole in the ground
to make a pointed end on a pole (or
pole-shaped object)
sound of dropping a load from a horse
or one’s back
*NC* - one net bag of corn, charcoal _
to tune a guitarj to roll up lasso in
many loops
-
<
V 2.
v ^
28h c—v
29
30
31 32
33 34
35 36
37 38 38h
39 * 40
41 42
* 43 44
45 ' 46
47 48
49 50
51 52h
52
53
cahp
V cop
6up
£ip
kip
kep
kap
kahp
kop
kup
kip
ktep
kt>p
’ip
’ap
bip
bihp
bep -
*NC* - one owned ho,u6e; one handful
of rope; rare, no good
to put a hand inside something (to
pick out an object)
border of blouse; type\of insect;
to carry, using shirt as bag
anti-baptismal name for girl babies
V my force, power (see ’ip)
to make a wooden mallet
to stir or mix
to stir or mix (soon)
sound of water splashing
to hold breath; to take a purgative
pitcher, Jug
to separate
to speak; word, dialect, language
force, power
interJ., when in pain
why?
what?, what’s that?
-
to
00^6 sip
57 sepj
58 sap 1.
59 sop
60 sup
61
62
63
64
65 Sup
65h Suhp
66 hip
67 hep
68 hap
69 hop
70 hup
70h huhp
71
72 mep
73
74
75
76
77
78
79 nop
80
leech, sucker
to make a round object
he offers it for sale (see hap);
clean or wash-^'
to carry many, small objects in the
hands (as beans - see hop)
sour taste of fruits (as banana skin -
not lemons)
cT to fatten an animal " M n n \ v soon;
throw; part which remains, no more
than this
to slice or cut into 2 equal parts
to offer for sale; to make an opening
in a corral (animal entrance)
to carry many sm. objects in one's
hands (as beans)
to be in pain
to fatten an animal (see g.uhp)
'huh'i ,
to learn
-
your force, power (see ’ip) 0081 82
83 84
85 86
87 88
89
wip
yip his forced-power (see ’ip)
90
91 92
9-5 94
95 96
97 98
99 100
101
102
102h
103- 104
105 106
107 108
lep
lap
lop
lup
pit
pet
peht
pat
to carry objects in' hands (usually
carried in containers)
to 'get dressed*
to drink liquids
to distribute drinks
\
solo, alonej to grab onto wrist or arm
lightly
to test fruit with two hands
(intr. of pet)j to cradle
baby
back, shell
tat father, mister
V
-
o r
5.
0109 tet
110 tut ' /
111
112
113
114
115
116 !^lt
117
118
ll8h ^aht
119
120
121 fit 12 lh £iht
" 122 £et
12J
124 ^ ot
12Uh £oht
125
126 Sit
127
128
129 Sot
130 —
131 tit
131h tiht \
132 tet
> 132h teht
133 tat
1334 taht
to be dirty
to play the bugle? sound of this
r Oome herel go there! look!
eye
to clean well with hands (as a plate)
act of water falling out of container
when stir hard
to fell timber
to twist, to make rope
■'*" M ' " " (rel. to £ohi) « i
look! come here!, etc.
to sit
to bud? a squeak
type of plant (for weaving)? act and
sound of corn popping
to not comb hair well
to gather many people in a group
to make (it) with a machete or knife
to make a hammer (rel. to $ah-£)
-
6
0135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
l43h
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
151h
152
153
153h
154
155
156
156h
157
157h
158
159
160
161
kit
kat
kot
kut
kfcht
kot
Kat
’it
’at
’ot
’ut
bit
biht
b>et
bat I
baht
bot
8 it
siht
set
seht
sat
sot
sut
lit
my buttocks (see ’it)
my pehj.s (see ’at)
my tortilla (see ’ot)
I quarrel (see ’ut)
*NC* - one cake of brown sugar (rel.
to kaivfc ) ^ to arrive
to strip kernels from corn cobs
buttocks, anus
penis
tortilla
to quarrel
man's name
to ripen and fall (beans
a debt
hail
he went (animates)
lg. red bean
tfel. to biht)
fruit (in gen.)
eye; to swell (body, corn - rel. to
to make tortillas with the hands
to cut a tree with a sharp object
(rel. to seht)
eye
rattle; rattle of rattlesnake
to turn over; to return
tcome here! look!, etc.
lih i)
-
Ol6lh
162
163
l63h
164
l64h
165
166
l66h
167
l67h 168
'l68h
169
170
171
172
172h
173
174
175
176
176h
177
178
178h
179
180
181
7
Riht
Set
Sat
5 aht
Sot
&oht
5:ut
hit
hiht
het
heht
hat
haht
hot
hut
met
meht
mot
mut
nit
niht
naht
wit
position of arms and legs - spread out
to break a plate
to divide a piece of land into 2 equal
parts
boundary marker for land
to roll up string
" " M " (rel. to 5.0ht)
the last son (of man or male animal)
act of something escaping from broken
part of a container
to grow very small (people and animals)
to graft plants
*NC* - one pace or step
to crack (by itself)
" * ” " (rel. to haht)
to scratch the bodyj to begin to speak
(babies) ^
to drill, pierce
maguey (century plant)
an almost dead snake is still moving
to move the fingers all-together into
a curve
chicken
pull, haul
" " (rel. to niht - implies
many people (?) )
large, far (rel. to naht)
your,buttocks (see *it) s
-
<
I
8.
Ol8lh
182
183
18*
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
192h
193
19*
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
201h
202
202h
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
209h
210
wlht
wet
wat
wot
wut
it
yat
yot
yut
leht
lot
lut
pit
piht
peht
put
toht
to open eyes for first 'time (baby)
man's name
your penis (see ’at)
your tortilla (see ’ot)
you quarrel (see ’ut)
his buttocks (see ’it)
his penis (see ’at)
his tortilla (see ’ot)
he quarrels (see ’ut)
*NC* - one thickness or layer of tortilla
a lie
to eat corn kernels) to build up a
fireplace with poles
to test a piece of fruit for ripeness
a broken bone
r
*NC* - one handful of vegetables
finger print
type of bird (size of pigeon)
-
0210h
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
221h
tuht
♦ t
tot » l
tut
£iht
222
222h
223
224
224h jJoht
225
226 ;
226h
227
228
229
229h
Siht
5oht
230
231
232
232h $eht
type of plant
type of mushroom
stingy, miserable
to clean a plate well (rel. to it)
action of water falling out of containe
(rel. to j?iht)
to fell a tree (intr. of j?et) «
— -
to make lasso, to twist (intr. of j?ot -
rel. to £oht)
to pop corn in fire (rpl. to biht)
*NC* - one object to sit on (chair,
bench, etc. )
*NC* - one pile of garbage
-
10
0253
233h
234
235
235h
236
237
238
239
239h 240
241
242
243
243h
244 ,
244h
245
245h
246
247
248
248h
249
250
250h
251
251h
fcahi
$ut
$uht
to make a hammer (rel. to Saht)
kahi
kott
koht
kuht
*a£
*aht
*ut
*uht
bii
bih-fc
stomach (of people only)
(my)
kat my pain (seetat)
koht
-
11
0252h
253
253h
254
254h
255
255h
256
256h
257
257h
258
259
260
260h
261
26lh
262
262h
265
26jh
264
264h
265
265h
beht • 1
"bat
"baht
bot
boht
• » but
buht
sit
siht
*NC* - one pile of excrement
a person left (went by) rapidly II tl II II It It
(intr. of bat - rel. to baht)
to turn clothes inside out 11
to it
to
to
II „ I, I. (lntr.
of bot)
fill completely
" " (intr. of but)
strike or hit a person; to swell,
puff up
swell , puff up (intr. of sit)
seht 0
to cut a pole with a sharp object
(rel. to seht)
sot
sut
suht
he scratches the body (see hot)
to tie well so that nothing can
escape
to return (intr. of sut)
Sih^ when a person is stiff or rigid (can't
or doesn't moveJ[
Seht
Sat
Saht
*NC* - one broken part of food con-
tainer or liquid container
to cut firewood in the hills or
mountains
to cut firewood in the hills or
mountains (intr. of Sat)
Soht to roll up lasso (intr. of Sot)
Sut to pull skin of body
Suht a little 7
-
0266
266h
267
26711
268
268h
269
269h
270
270h
271
272
272h
273
27^
274h
275
275h
276
276h
277
277h
278
278h
279
280
281
28ih
282
282h
283
12
hit
hiht
to make a fence, enclosure
" " ” " " (intr. of
hit)
hiht
hat
haht
hot
hoht
hut
huht
#NC* - one pile of excrement
spots on the skin from cold
to crack by itself (rel. to haht)
to scratch the body
" " " (intr. of hot)
to breakj sound of car horn
" " (intr. of hut)
meht to frighten
mot
moht
mut
muht
to defecate
" " (intr. of mot)
to hold breath
" " " (intr. of mut)
niht
net
neht
to pull (rel. to niht)
to put one object on top of another If II If II II H If
(intr. of net)
naht large, far (rel. to naht)
wiht flower of squash plant
weht
wat
to appear
curve described from top of a tree to
ground (distance of tree)
-
13
0283h waht
282+ wot
284h woht
285
286
287
288 yat
288h yaht
289
290
291 lit
291h liht
292 293 lat
293h laht
294 lot
291+h loht
295 lut
295h luht
296 „
297
298
299
300
301 pij^
302 r
303
304 po^
curve described from top of tree to
ground (intr. of wat - rel. to yaht)
to spread (flower petals)
" " " (intr. of wot)
I make the curve of a tree (see wat)
to " " " " " " ( intr. of
yat - rel. to waht)
to stand on tiptoes
" " " " (intr. of lit)
a brick
*NC* - one width of tortilla
to touch another person's foot with
your own
to touch another person's foot with
your own (intr. of lot)
to grab an object with two poles If I! tt II If It II
(intr. of lut)
piece of fruit which is already
picked, but too small to eat
pop corn; to wrap up
-
1 1
14.
0505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
515
314
515
516
5l6h
517
518
519
520
521
522
525
524
525
526
527
528
529
550
551
552
555
554
pu*f
te^
to^
tu^
toff
tu^
Hi jfihjf
ffaff
ioi Hi
interior part of cow (pancreas)
only women eat this
type of dog (long-haired)
to pull grass out by the roots
palm used to cover body when it rains
to have hair in front of the head
and rest shaven off
when part of thatched roof falls off
type of avocado (spotted)
to scold; to call attention to
(rel. to j£ihj?f)
erect penis
jacket; hard
a part of a loom
■ •••
-
}
15.
\
0555 556 557 557h 558 559 540
541 542 545 544
545 546 547 548
549 550 551 55lk
kij!
ke^
keh*!
ka^
ko*?
ko^
ku*f
\>u bih*!
to line (make lines on)
woman's name
anti-baptismal name for girl baby
pubic or under-arm hair
male turkey
to carry wet clothesj well-cooked
vegetables
to cut off the leaves of vegetables
to be enough
enough; much
to rub the skin (in curing)
something has moved a little bit
(2-5") - (rel. to bihj?)
552 555 554 w 555 W
5-56 557 558f sa^
559 so*!
560 561 562 565
a small hill with large trees
when part of a thatched roof falls
off (atu^)
he breaks (see ha*!)
he gathers grass with the hands
(see ho^)
-
0364
365 366
367
368
369
370
371
37ih
372
* 373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
38ih
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389 390
16
hi/ he has grown bigger (pereon, animal)
ha/ to break) to light a fire
ho/ to gather grass with the hands
mi/ refers to (part of) motion of snakes,
worms, etc.
mih/ to look for remaining corn after
harvest (rel. to mih/)
me/ to go to sleep (animates)
mo/ to fornicate
mu{/ interior part of a flower
nu/ to pursue rapidly
wi/ hill, mountain
wih/ to squeeze a pimple with very little
pus coming out
we/ type of dog (long-haired)
wa/ ' twimed' things (e.g. twins, 2
joined pieces of fruit, etc.)
wo/ to carry something with both hands
(2 armsful)
wu/ anti-baptismal name for boys
-
\ IT.
0391
392
393
394
la^
lo^
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
401h
402
402h
403
404
404h
405
400
407
407h
408
409
40 9h
410
4l0h
411
412
413
414
4l4h
pij? pibj?
peja pehj?
pa j!
pohj?
tehj^
taj?
tohj?
tUj?
tuh£
tohj?
*NC* - one pile of flat objects (as
books)j to pile things in a place
to carry object very high on one's
back
to wring out
" " " (intr. of pij?) 3
a trap for dogs or large animals
a large trap for dogs
tamale of pure corn meal
to wrap up (intr. of pojO
*NC* - one pile of cut grass or hay
a movement of a snake
to pull grass out by the roots
spoon
falling rocks in a landslide
*NC* - one place where there remains
only a few plants left to harvest
-
0415
416
417
4l8
419
420
421
42 lh
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
437h
438
439
439h
440
440h
18.
f?ihj£ call attention to (rel. to ^ih^)
j?oj? type of plant with fruit
kij? to cut
kej? I test it with my teeth (see ’ej?)
kehj? to eat very tough meat; I cut plants
one-hy-one (see ?ehj?)
kajs to place one object below another
kof? to remove one's foot from mud; sound
of this action
kohj? to remover one's foot from mud;
(intr. of koj?)
kuj? my little brother (see *uj?); to bend
over double (as arm flex)
kuhj? to bend over double (as arm flex)
(intr. of ku£)
-
19
0441
442
445
444
444h
445
445h
446
447
447h
448
448h
449
449h
450
451
451h
452
452h
453
454 454h
455
455h
koj?
kohj?
kuj?
kuh£
’ej?
’ehj?
’ahj?
’oh)?
’U|?
bi£
bihj?
he)?
beh$
ba^f
boj?
bohj?
buj?
buhj?
sound of mud thrown against something
*NC* - one 'little bit' of cooked
vegetables
to break off grass with hands, to cut
leaves of vegetables
to break off grass with hands, to cut
leaves of vegetables (intr. of kuj?)
to test it with one's teeth
to cut plants one-by-one when only
are a fewj sound, moving furniture
to be damp
to shrink
faded clothj sickness, one limb
bent permanently
little brother (2nd son of same
father)
to rub skin of body (to scratch)
to move a little (rel. to bihj?)
to walk around a curve (i.e., to
walk like a snake)
act of snake moving
type of animal
to remove a pole from the ground
*NC* - one pt. of land with treesj
one pt. of unharvested fields
to leave some food afterdating;
to suck and withdraw (eating mango)
to leave some food after eating;
to suck and withdraw (intr. of buj?)
1
-
0456
456h
457
457h
458 459
460
46l
462
465
464
465 466
466h
467
467h
468
468h
469
469h
470 471
47lh
472
473
473h
474
475
475h
476
111 479 480
20.
s ij?
sihj?
sej?
sehj?
a * rebozo1 for carrying
white 1 rebozo’
clay dish
unpainted clay bowl
bat
hij?
hihj?
hej?
hehj?
ha;?
hah)?
ho£ hohj?
mi)?
mihj?
to play the violin; sound from
violin
to move it a little more (than 2-3" -bihj?)
tendons in meat
I eat tendons of m eat
|soft' corn meal
to be broken (intr. of ha^)
to keep\ frul.t seeds; to clean a well
to harvest grass or hay by hand (intr. ho;0
the one ear of corn remaining after
harvest (and'can't see it)
to look for the regaining corn after
harvest (rel. to mihj?)
maj?
mahj?
posole (corn gruel)
to dry
muj?
muhj?
to blink
" (intr. of muj? )
-
I
21.
jt
0480h 48l
48lh
482
482h
485
484
484h
485
485h
486
487
487h
488
489 490
491 492
W 495h
494
494h
495
495h
496 497
nuhjif to pursue rapidly (intr. of nujO vij? time when it's
raining a little hit
wihj? to squeeze a pimple with little pus
(rel. to wih^)
wej? you test it with your teeth (see ?ej?)
weh^ you cut plants one-by-one (see ehj?)
woj2 hoe; to mix things with'liquid
(as to make adobe)
wohj? to mix with liquid (int^, of wof?)j
to carry (intr. of woj/)
wu| your little brother (see ’uj?)j
to squat
wuhj? *NC* - one plant
yej? he tests it with his teeth (see fe$)
yeh£ he cuts plants one-by-one (see *eh^)
yuj? his little brother (see ?UJ?)J Jrd
' son of same father
laj? to carry a baby on one's back
lahj? to pile things in one place (intr.
of lajO
lojt , 'Y-shaped' object (as fork in tree,
space between 2 fingers)
lohj? to lift up a log or pole
luj? to cradle a child on (mother's) X breast when it’s
sleeping
luh£ to cradle fe child on (mother's)
breast (intr. of luj?)
-
0498
499 500 501
501h
502 505
505h
504 505 506
507 V.
508
509
50 9h
510
511 511h 512
512h
513 514 515
516 517
22
pi?
pih?
pe?
pa?
pah?
po?
pu?
a token of work (a piece of metal -
Sp. 'ficha')
to place (it) on one end of a thing,
thereby raising other end
duck
to pick up food or liquid (for eating
or drinking) containers
to pick up food or liquid containers
(rel. to pah£)
sound of wing-flap of chicken
interj. - when in pain
te? when 2 pieces of cloth are not sewn
together well
to?
toh?
tu?
to fall alone (outside of something
a6 a wall, tree barlq scab)
to fall alone (outside of something)
(rel. to toh£)
*NC* - one long, thin object (as
pencil, pole, penis)
tih? to bounce back, return (rel. to tih$)
te? to walk poorly because of thorn in
foot
teh? to walk poorly
tu? to put it on end, rapidlyj beginning
walk of baby
-
0518
519
520
521
522
525
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
538h
559
539h
540
540h
541
542
542h
23
512
5e5
5u5
ki5
ke5
kah?
ko5
koh?
ku5
kuhS
ke5
ke h5
wife of maternal uncle
to lift baby
squirrel
my chile (s^s *15)
ref. to working at a task which is
now finished
to fall apart slightly (wardrobe,
container for ^lathes - rel. kah$)
to fall alone (outside of something -
wall, tree bark, scab)
to fall alone (outside of something)
(rel. to koh£)
to carry
to drink ( rel. to kuh$; to carry^
(rel. to kuh$)
to keep an object in your hands
to pick up a large object (rel. to
keh£)
-
0545 544
545' 546
546h
547
548
549
550
551
552
552h
'555
554
555
556
557
557h
558
559
560
561
562
562h
565
564
565
566
566h
24
’i?
’ih?
’a?
*o?
*u?
bi?
be?
beh?
bo?
bu?
se?
seh?
s a?
so?
Si?
Be?
Seh?
Sa?
gu?
hi?
hih?
chile
chile (rel. to ’i?v)
interj. - for pain in body
to enter (g.)
type of animal (Sp. 'tlacuache')
to raise one end of a pole
to grab on to a banana (g.)
" " " " ' " " (rel. to be?)
something which isn't straight (and 1 should be')
pocket-like parts of face of a mole
he separates ears of corn from the
stalk (see he?)
he separates ears of corn from the
stalk (rel. to se?)
he sets a trap (see ha?)
he peels vegetables (see ho?)
mother's older brother
to separate ears of corn from the
stalks (still? - see he?)
to separate ears of corn from the
stalke (rel. to Be?)
he sets a trap (see ha?)
woman's name
'uh-huh' (conversational form -
agreement)
to become smaller (rel. to hih£)
-
25.
0567 he?
568 hat?
569 ho? 570 hu?
571
572
573
57^ mo?
575
576 ni?
577
578
579
580 581 wi?
58lh will? 582
583
58U
585
586 yi? 586h yih? 587 ye?
588 589 yo?
590
591 li?
591h lih?
592 le?
592h leh?
593
to separate ears of corn from the
stalks
to set a trap; to begin a conversation
to peel vegetables
interj. - for great pain
basketj one side of body
flower (in gen.)
■ ■
yovr chile (see *i?)
” ” (rel. to wi?)
his chile (see ’i?)
” ” (rel. to yi?)
part of tree at which branching
occurs
to relieve pressure^(e.g., of a
watchband)
to 'show-off' a piece of material
to sun clothes (rel. to lih£)
milk (Sp. 'leche')
to carry a hat or tortilla in one's
hands
-
26
0594
595
595h
596
597 598
599 600
601
6oih
602
602h
603
603h
604
605 605h 606
607
608
609
609h
610
6l0h
611
lu?
luh?
pic
pih£
pe£
peh£
pah&
po8
pu£
puh£
te$
toh£
tu£
tuh£
to remove splinter from body (rel.
to lu8); to squeeze pimples
to remove splinter from body* to
squeeze pimples (rel. to luh£)
to grab an object with 2 hands s **
in same direction
to put (it) on one end of something,
thereby raising other end (see;*-pih?)
*NC* - one tortillaj to put ribbons
in hair (women)
*NC* - one tortilla; to put ribbons
in hair (women); (intr. pe$)
to pick up food containers (intr.
of pa? - rel. to pah?)
bed-bug; to ’peel* beans (remove
covering)
to fall by itself
" (intr. of pu£)
a dry object; an object which has
little substance or body
to fall by itself (outside of
something - intr. of to?)
to break in the middle; a trap
" " " " " (intr. of tu*)
-
27
06llh
612
613
61k
615
6l5h
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
62k
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
tih£
tuhe
$1$
632
633
631+
635
636
637
637h
638
63811
tut ki8
keh£
ka$
kahS
639
to "bounce, return (rel. to tihC)
*NC* - one pile of excrement
blood; diarrhea with "blood in
stool
type of frog (small)
I receive it in my hand (see *i£)
my flower (see *e£)
vagina; below a stone
when a container for clothes has
fallen apart slightly (rel. to.kahS)
-
28
0639b
6b-0
640h
641
642
642h
643
644
645
646
646h
647
647b
648
648h
649
650
650h
651
651b
652 652h
653
654
654h
655
656
657
657b
658
kohc
ku&
kuh£
keh?
’i$
*ih$
’e
-
29.
0659
660 661 66lh
662
662h
665 665h 66k
,66*>
666
666h
667 667h 668
668h
669 66 9h
670 670h
671
671h
672
673
67^
674h
675
676 677
678 679
SOi corn powder used for animal feed
515
5lh*
5a5
5eh5
5a5
5ah5
5o£
5u£
hih£
he^
heh£
ha£
hah5
ho$
hoh£
hu£
huh£
mi$
mih5
to stretch, extend
to grab one's wrists and ankles and
hold them together
he opens a net bag (see he5)
" " " " " (intr. of 5e$)
to stretch
" " ' (intr. of 5a5: )
bird which enters each house at night
turpentine
to become smaller (rel. to hih5)
to open a net bag
" " " " " (intr. of he5)
to chew; to open one's mouth
to raise up a trap (intr. of ha5)
type of animal which eats corn
to peel (intr. of hot)
to grind
" " (intr. of hu$)
to squeeze an object with 2 hands tl It II ft II ft ft
(intr. of mi£)
ma$
mo&
moh£
to put an object in one's mouth
to flex (close) hand completely on
an object
to flex (close) hand completely on
an object; (intr. of mo£)
-
50
o68o 681 wi£
68lh wihc
682
682h
683
weh£
\r&t
683h
684
68kh
wahc
wo£
woh$
685 wuc
686
686h
687
687h
688
689
689h
690
691
691h
ylt
yih£
yeh£
yoh£
ynt
li$
lih$
692
692h
let
leh£
693
694 69^h
la£
lo$
loh£
695 lu
-
31
0695h luh£
696 697
698 699 700
701 pik
701h pihk
702
702h pehk
703 pak
794 pok
704h pohk
705 puk
706
707 708
709 710 tuk
711 712
173
714
715
716
7l6h j£ihk
717 /ek 717h ^ehk
718 (flak
719 720 ^uk
■v~
to remove splinter, squeeze pimples
(rel. to luhS)j sty in eye
to pulse ( a person); 8,000
" " " " (rel. to pihk)
my cap®! (hag with strap around
forehead)
to fold a piece of cloth
-to wash.oneself
" " " (rel. to pohk)
to serve each person, distribute
to sell a little (fruit, vegetables
to destroy
to obey (rel. to jifihk)
scorpion
petticoat
take, grab, receive, get
parts of some chickens (on sides of
throat)
to
il
-
0721 722
725 72 k
725
726
72 6h
727 728
729 750 751 751h 752 755
754
755 756 757 758 759 740 741 742 745 744 745
746 746h 747
52
£ik to endure, resist
^ak
j?ok
j?uk
Sik
?ihk
to add something
cut, break, destroyj to cut firewood
top of thatch roofj to sharpen
pencil); sharp object
sound of calling pigs
man’s name (Sp. 'Chico')
gak buttocks of a woman
Suk to tie
$ik to repair a part of a house
£ihk to sweat, burn (rel. to £ihk)
£ak flea; to make a ditch in one's house
to drain water from heavy rain
£ok sound of the birds which come in
the night (rel. to Sok)
kak my grass, hay (see *ak)
kok my calf (of leg^; (see ?ok)
kok to cut a fruit; to fall alone ( a fruit)
kuk to crack bones (as to crack knuckles);
sound of this action
’ihk ^to call; to be married
-
0748
749
750
751
751h
752
752h
7^ 754
755
756
756h
757
758
759
760
760h
761
762
765
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
’ak
’ok
’us
bihk
bek.
behk
bak
bok
s Ik
sihk
sak
sok
suk
suhk
Sik
Sak
Sok
hek
hok
huk
mak
mQk
muk
33.
grass, hay
calf of leg
interj. - when tired
to swallow (rel. to bihk)
to swaddle
" " (intr. of bek ?)
bone
vegetable ( in gen. )
cold
type of thatch for roofs
white
(it) isn'nt useful
to seal up a sweat house tightly 11 11 11 11 11 11 **
(rel. to suhk)
hawk
a 'ground-colored1 rock or stone
to play with a lasso
to fall by itself (branch of a tree)
sound of pig
animal which enters body of rats}
hurt in side when running
to closej name of a month
'uh-huh'
to cover (as with blanket), to bury
-
0776
776h
777
778
779
780 781 782 785 784
785 786
787 788
789
790
791
79lh
792
795
79^ 795
796
797
798
799
800 801 8oih
802
nik
nihk
nak
nuk
to swing a child's hammock with child
in it
to swing a child's hammock with child
in it (rel. to nihk)
to despise, hate
neck
wak your grass, hay (see ’ak)
wok family name; your calf of leg (see ’ok)
yak his grass, hay (see ’ak); 'yes, of
course!'; animal trap
yok his calf of leg (see ’ok)
lik
lihk
lek
lak
lok
luk
*NC* - one shirt, jacket, blanket;
to carry or lift up
to carry or lift up (rel. to lihk)
'good', 'fine'
to cut a long object with a hatchet
to hit another person with elbow or arm
tool for clearing land
pihk to pulse a person (intr. of pik)
-
35
0802h pehk
803
803h
80^
804h
pak
pahk
pok
pohk
805
805*1
puk »
puhk
806
8o6h
807
80 7h 808
809
809h
810
8l0h
t ik
tihk
tek
tehk
tok
tohk
tuk
tuhk
811
8llh
812
813
814
81^*1
815
816
8l6h
817
818
8l8h
819
tihk
• t
tok
tohk
flik
^ihk
/ ahk
^ ok
capal (carrying hag with forehead
strap)
cloth
wall; to make a tortilla
sound of wet clothes thrown on ground
to wash the body (intr. of pok - rel.
to pohk) - *NC* - one shirt, blanket,
jacket
to mix corn meal or posole with hands
" " " " (intr. of puk);
to distribute (intr. of puk)
to be enough, to fill, require
1st group to pass us; to require
to notify; to step on
*NC* - one step, pace
to be hatched (chicks)
" " " (intr. of tok)
rifle
to destroy (intr. of tuk,. only in
this sense)
to demand, require (intr. of tik)
mountainous region
*NC* - one pile of gar^abe; to be born
sound of coins hitting tf It It ft
to grab, take (intr. of j£ak)
sound of burning hair, water in a fire
('hiss' )
-
0820
821
82 lh
822
823 82 3h
824 82 4h 825
82 5h
826
82 6h
827 828
829
830 830h
831 83II1
832
833 833h 834
834h
835 836
837 838
839
§58h 84l 842
56.
jfuk corn silk, strings of string beans
£ihk to 6bey (rel* to ^ihk)
j?ak stone wall to fence in animals
jtfahk
j)ok to pull apart
j?ohk " " " (intr. of ^ok)
^fuhk to sharpen an object, make a point
(intr.of j?uk)
Sik to sweat, burn
Sihk " " " (implies many people?)
?ak sound of gunshot
Sok sound of water hitting something
Suhk to tie (intr. of Cuk)
£ihk to sweat, burn (intr. of Sik)
^ek a bird which passes in each house
before night
£ahk to make a drainage ditch (intr.afv.Sak)
£ok sound of birds which come at night
-t (rel. to £ok)
$ohk pimples on hands and feet
kik I marry her; my odor (see *ik)
kek all of the eye (includ. eyelids, etc.)
kak I give (see *ak)
kok to be deaf kohk " " " (intr. of kok)
-
0843
843h
844
844h
845
84 5h
846
846h
847
848
849
850 851 851h 852 852h
853
853h
854
855
856 856h
857
858
858h
859
860
860h
861
*
37
kak fire
kahk to be very hot
kohk to fall alone (a fruit - intr.
of kok)
kuk sound and type of small bird
kuhk to crack one's bones (intr. of kuk)
’ik win^J odor
’ihk black if
’ek star
’ak to give; language, tongue
’ok to cry
bihk • • bek
behk
bak
bahk
to swallow
" " (intr. of bik)
to tie up bananas in bundles
" " " " (intr. of bek);
to swaddle (intr. bek - rel. behk)
seed
400
buk
sik
sihk
sek
sak
sahk
sok
suk
suhk
Sik
pain in back of neck or back
to sniff for smells
interweaving of poles in house roof;
thatch
'stab' a sharp object into the ground
to be itchy; to wash; he asks
(see hak)
to wash (intr. of sak)
to make a well (see hok )
to clean food containers
" " " " (intr. of suk);
to stop-up steam bath (rel. to suhk)
wing of bird
-
38
0862
863 864 864h
865 86 5h
866
867 867h
868
868h
869
869h
870
871
872
873
873h
874
875
875h 876
876h
877 878
87811
879
Sohk
Suk
Suhk
hik
hehk
hak
hahk
hok
hohk
huk
mak
mahk
mok
muk
muhk
nihk
nak
nahk
nok
red, small insect (dangerous)
to raise foot backwards
a side of an object (vertical to
ground)
to be unable to speak because mouth
is full
to fall by itself (branch of tree -
intr. of hek)
to breathe vapors of food into mouth;
to ask
to ask (intr. of hak)
to make a well; to draw water from
a well
to make a well (intr. of hok)
to hiccough
when food is stuck in throat and
person can't talk
to close (intr. of mak)j to not be
able to see sun for the clouds
'uh-huh'
large
to cover, bury (intr. of muk)
to swing child's hammock (intr. of nik)
to hide
type of wood (used for painting)
to light or place upright a candle
before praying; to make balls of
posole
-
0879h
880
880h
881
88lh
882
885
884
884h
885
885h
886
887 888
889 890
890h
891
891h
892
893
893h
894
894h
895 896
897
898
39-
nohk
nuk
nuhk
wik
wihk
wek
wak
wok
wohk
to make balls of posole (intr.
of nok)
to suck, fan, grab or take a soul ti H 11 11 11 11 it "
(intr. of nuk)
your smell, odor (see ’ik)
to open one's eyes
all of your eye
your language (see *ak)} you give
(see ’ak)
to break
" " (intr. of wokjN^
wuhk
yik
yek
yak
sound of tree falling
his odor (see *ik)
all of his eye
to be; he gives (see ’ak); his
language (see *ak)
yuk to move
yuhk " ” (intr. of yuk)
lihk to carry, lift (intr. of lik)}
*NC* - one shirt, pants, jacket
lek saint
lak to move closer to another person
lahk to cut an object with a hatchet
(intr. of lak)
lok to leave, depart
lohk *NC* - one piece of firewood
-
0899 900
,_90l 902 903 904
905 906
907 908
909 910
911 912 913 914 915 916
917 918
919 920
921
922
923 924 925 926
927 928
929 930
40
pi? to whistle
ti’ to eat meat; to bark (dogs); edge;
lips? mouth) to bite
te* pole, tree, wood
tu* rotten or sick thing which is not
useful
to* sound of Ilatulation
^a* excrement
jdu* bowl for getting water
j?i* dog
£e* sound of pig when grabbed
j?o* sound of closing door
£u* to suck sugar; sound of dying rats
gi? a thing which is sweet
ge’ short form for two
ga* metate
go* to peel fruit
gu* nipple, teat; milk
-
0931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
4l
51’
$e’
ki’
ke’
ka’
ko’
ki’
ke’
ka’
ko’
ku’
’e’
’a’
’o’
’u’
bi’
bo’
si’
se’
sa’
to be torn
to open a bag to fill it; sound of
small, black bird
bitter
sound of one's stomach when it is
'bad'
to Join, pile up, etc.
a man’s Voicd while talking to a child
my thigh (see ’a’)
to lower
to put an object in the sun
sound of chicken when grab it
rotten fruit
type of large snail
clothes, shirt
interj. - when in pain; and (Sp. 'y')
to 'thump' a person in his back;
sound of this action
thigh; to vomit
to vomit; sound of this
sound of pig
act and sound of flatulation
to divide land with trees on it
firewoo^
when a pole falls on its side; to open
What are you looking for? What do
you want?
-
42
0961
962
963 964
965 966
967 968
969
970 971 972 973 97^
975 976 977 978 979 980
981
982
983 984
985 986
987 988
989 990 991 992
995
Si*
Se’
Sa’
Su*
hi*
he*
ha’
hu*
mi*
me’
ma*
mo*
mu*
ni*
na*
wi*
we*
wa’
so*
ya*
li*
le*
la*
'uh-huh'; to frighten
vomit
to wash the head (only)
“—“T' 'it might he'
sand
to open
water; he, she, it
to be able; to finish one's work
sound of a cat
mama
no
type of large, black bird
brother - or sister-in-law
nose, beak
to understand; to remember
sound of chicks
to eat
your thigh (see *a*)
*NC* - one person
\
his thigh (see *a*)
language of the Chamula Indians
'uh-huh', 'that's right' (with body
gesture)
come here!
-
0994 995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1004h
1005
1006
1006h
1007
1008
1009
1009h
1010
lOlOh
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
43
lo9 to be 'like' a piece of fruit
lu9 vagina, mushroom
pohb petate, mat
tihb to move things together (inti; of
tip)
teb a little; to be better (when sick)
tab 20
tob to break, cut in several parts
tohb " " " "
(lntr. of tob)
tub to spit; to erase, put out (fire,
bulb)
tuhb to spit; to erase, put out (intr.
of tub)
tib movement of water back and forth
in a container
tub sound of water dripping in water
^ib type of fern
-
44
1019
1019h
1020
1021
1022
1023
1023h
1024
1024h
1025
102 5h
1026
1027
102 7h
1028
1028h
1029
1030
1030h
1031
1032
1032h
1033
1034
1034h
1035
1036
j£ob
j^ohb
^ub
jhb
to gather, pile up
" " " ’’ (intr. of joi) sound of coins
to write
^ahb
j?ohb
j?ub
j?uhb
Sib
Seb
Sehb
Sab
Sahb
to. place pole in ground (intr.-of £ap)
to repair
" " (intr. of £ob)
to suck (as orange, sugar cane -
with noise)
to suck (intr. of j£ub)
type of grass
2
'that's so'
honey
tune a guitar (intr. of Sap);
to repair, prepare
Suhb to carry objects in a shirt (intr.
of Sup)
$ib type of reed (used to make baskets
and flutes)
£eb 'that's so!'
$ehb to open a bag (to fill it) (intr.
of £e?)
£ab to be calm; to become well (when sick)
£ohb to put hand inside a container
(intr. of £op)
kib I make like a pig nosing in the dirt
(see *ib)
-
45
1057
1057h
1058
1038h
1059
1040
1040h
1041
1042
I042h
1045
1044
1045
1046
1047
1047h
1048
1048h
1049
1050
1050h
1051
1052
1052h
1055
1054
1055
1056
1057
1057h
keb to belch • .
kehb to make a wooden mallet (intr. of
kep)
kahb
kob
kub~
kuhb
kib
keb
kehb » 1
kab
kob
kub
’ib
to stir one thing into another
(intr. of kap)
my plant (see ’ob)
thighj my partridge (see ’uh)
to hold breath (intr. of kup)
my pitcher (see ’ip)
to pour liquid from one container
into another
the weather is clear and fine!
hand an
-
46
1058
1558h
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
I063h
1064
1065
106 5h
1066
1066h
1067
106 7h
1068
1068h
1069
1069h
1070
I070h
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
sab
sahb
sub
Sab
Sahb
Suhb
hihb
heb
hehb
hab
hahb
hohb
hub
huhb
vapor of hot things, breath (see
hab)j early, tomorrow
to clean, to offer for sale (intr.
of sap)j vapor of hot food
he blows (long to curej short to fan
fire) (see hub)
to move a pile of objects
to carry in hands (intr. of Sap)
to blow (soon ?)
to throw (intr. of hip)
test corn kernels with teeth
*NC* -one of a half a thing (to eat)j
to slice into 2 equal parts
(intr. of hep)
breath, vapor (sometimes a sickness)
to offer for sale (intr. of hap)
to lift with hands (intr. of hop)
to blow
to blow (intr. of hub)
net
nab
crab
a measure (distance between ends of
thumb and little finger with
hands spread)
-
1079
1079h
1080
1080h
108l
1082
1082h
1083
1084
IO85
1086
1087
1087h
1088
1088h
IO89
1090
1091
1092
1093
1093h
1094
1094h
IO95
1095h
1096
1097
47.
nob
nohb
nub
nuhb.
wib
web
wehb
wob
wub
yib
yeb
yehb
yab
yahb
yob
yub
to grasp with hands (long, thin
objects)
to grasp with hands (intr. of nob);
to learn (intr. of nop)
to add to
to crush ( intr. of nup )
you nose in the dirt (see *ib)
you test with teeth
" (intr. of web)
you plant (see ’ob)
your partridge (see ’ub)
he noses in the dirt (see *ib)
he tests with teeth
(intr. of yeb)
to bend into form of a curve,
to arc
to bend into form of a curve,
to arc (intr. of yab)
his plant (see 9ob)
his partridge (see ’ub)
1
lel> large, net bag for corn kernels
lab nahualj to have a nahual t
lahb to put on clothes (intr. of lap)
lob to grasp objects with 2 fingers
(not thumb); place with much mud »
lohb *NC* - one mouthful of liquid; to
drink a mouthful of liquid
(intr. of lop)
lub fatigue, tiredness
luhb *NC* - one measure of food used to
fill containers (as spoon of sugar)
-
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1105
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
mo 1111
1112
1115
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1121h
1122
1125
1124
1125
1126
1127
48
pis to roll thread into a ballj body
part of sick chickens
pas to make
pus sweat house
tes to comb
tas to pull a large object
tus to pile things up; to count
tis 'snap' - sound of marbles hitting,
finger snap
tas sound when hit someone
tos to sun-rise; to break by itself into
several parts
tus to break an egg
^is a flatulation
j£is to repair
j?ihs " " (intr. of |?is)
Sis oven in sweat house
-
49
1128
1129
1150
1151
1132
1155
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
kis
kas
kos
kus
1141
1142
1143 kas
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
9es
’us
bis
bas
bos
bus
1156
1157
sis
ses
anti-baptismal name for girls
kerosene, gas
sound of snore
to clean with a ragj my mosquito
(see ’us)
to be broken; *NC* - one piece of
anything
type of small ant
small mosquito
a (small) measure of trago
to cut firewood with a machete
to carry a baby with arms curved
*NC* - one pile of corn kernels,
garbage; to walk with head bent
to slice meat; slice of meat
to slice (fruit, meat,etc.) in many
pieces
-
1158
1159
1160
ll6l
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1175
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
50
808
his
hes
has
hos
mis
mes
mas
nis
nes
nos
wes
wos
wus
yos
sickle
chalk (Sp. 'gis' )
to make a point on an object (as
to point a pencil)
to pant
vulture
cat
broom
a club to hit withj but
a colonia of Oxchuc
to use teeth to clean an object
tell it:
to gather and pile up
poor-grade adobe
to bounce a ball; sound of this;
your mosquito (see ’us)
God (Sp. 'dios1)
-
51
\T
1190
1191
1192
1195
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
yus
les
las
los
lus
piS
peg
paS
poS
puS
tig
tog
tug
tig
tag
tog
tug
his mosquito (see ’us)
*NC* - one tortilla
refers to something which you want
to make
number two (Sp. 'dos')
woman's name (Sp. Lucia)
to wrap up
an object whiah is small
man's name (Sp. Pascual)
medicine, remedy
to double over, fold
to drag a log on the ground
'good'!
to make corn meal balls by hand;
*NC* - one ticketj man's name
to move an object
to hit with the hands
to fell a large tree with a hatchet
to dampen
-
52.
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1128
1129
1230
1231
1232
1235
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
Sog
Sug
*18
kag
kuS
keg
kag
kog
kug
’ig
’ug
big
a leaf of cabbage* any part of a
tree branch
foundation made of wood (as a
bed frame)
urine, bladder
*NC* - one long, thin object (as
ear or corn); thorn
bow (of bow and arrow)
man's name (Sp. Gaspar)
to revive
shame, disgrace, shyness
a pace or step (animate)
youngest son or daughter
to eat corn kernels; to be in pain
interj, - go awayl (to animals)
go away chickens!
to pour liquid from one container
into another
-
55
1255
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1275
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
bag a rock used in the making of clay
pots
sog
gag
gog
gug
hig
heg
hag
hog
hug
mig
mag
mug
nig
nag
wig
weg
wag
wog
he shaves or cuts hair (see hog)
to fall from a tree (leaves)
he cuts his hair (see hog)
to file; type of large, black wasp
to strip a branch of leaves
a blue bird which is eaten
I fall
to cut hair, shave
to plane, whetstone; kidney
to beat an object with the hands
monkey; to put food in the mouth
with hands (i.e. no tortilla)
well-cooked corn kernels
’and then’ (conversation ’continuer’)
today, now; alone
older sister, father's older sister
trousers
mountain cat
to swell, blister
-
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
54.
yaS green or blue (sky color)
yoS to break an object by doubling it
over with 2 hands
peh lame walk (when a part of one leg
hurts or is damaged)
poh to remove
puh sound of fruit dropping onto ground
by itself
tih push, move; awaken
tah to meet
toh to gesture, signal; straight; to pay
tih to fill a container very full, to
stuff
/
toh to hit two pieces of wood together;
sound of this
-
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1335
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
/ih
/eh
/ah
/ih
/eh
/ah
/uh
5ih
Seh
5 ah
Soh
fth
$ih
5 ah
$oli
keh
kah
koh
kuh
keh
kah
koh
*ih
rotten smelling food
when a fruit or vegetable is not
ripej sick body
red
to hit a stone with a machete
large mountain rat which is eaten
to place corn kernels in water
the price is cheapl
deer; to hit, strike
family name
echo in mountains
tiger, chin and/or cheek
type of black jacket
to break a part of a chicken egg
bile; lazy
to throw; type of rat
my mouth (see *eh); old person's
voice
*NC* - one floor of a house
0.K.1, good!
my necklace (see *uh)
to safeguard an object
to get along; to gather, harvest
sound of door knock; to arrive
interj. - for when an object is
knocked over
-
13^7
m 1350
1351
1352
1353 1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1339 1360
1361
1362
1363 1364
1365 1366
1367 1368
1369 1370
1371 1372
1373 1374
1375 1376
1377 1378
1379
56
’eh mouth; interj. when an object is
knocked over
’ah interj. - for, pain or fatigue ’oh sound of cough ’uh a
month; necklace
bih to be broken; intelligent, lively
bah mole (animal)
bah to cut (intr. of to ?) »
buh sound of fruit dropping on some-
thing (not onto ground)
suh to order
Sih to put firewood in a fire
2eh vomit
goh to tie
hih unripe corn
heh 'uh-huh'
hah mosquito; very large gourd
hoh sound of a type of bird
huh to shout
meh a question form (like 'eh'?)
mah to hit
moh to climb
neh tail (of man or animal)
nah when one is drunk
noh to fill
-
57
1380
i.38l
1382
1583 1384
1385 1386
1387 1388
1389 1590
1591 1592
1595
1594
1595 1596
1397 1398
1399 1400 1401 1402
1403 1404
1405
1406
1407 1408
nuh
wih
weh
wah
woh
wuh
yih
yeh
yuh
leh
lah
loh
pim
pem
pam
pom
pum
tim
tem
tam
sound of putting top on a pot
man's name
your mouth (see ’eh)
tortilla; to plant wheat seeds
sound of dog's hark
your necklace (see ’uh)
solid, firm
his mouth (see ’eh)
his necklace (see ’uh)
*NC* - one piece of excrement, one
hit of coffee in each cup
to he done; to die
2 pieces of fruit grown together
(can't he eaten)
thick, double
interj. - said when an explosion
occurs
milpa
incense; sound of an explosion
sound of person's body falling
(from an accident)
a guitar string (for 1 string
guitar); to play this type of
guitar
'uh-huh'
to pick-up an object
-
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
58
tom a handful
tom thunder, explosion
turn sound of water dripping into
water
j^um to ignite
j?em to fall (a plant) from wind action
j?am to catch water from rain in a
container
j?um to dry slightly; a month
5am to die
Sum toothless (old people and babies)
£am to sell everything which one has
to sell
$om a man who asks a girl to marry his
son
£um type of squash (large, round)
kern to level off a high piece of ground
kam piece of planed or leveled wood
kom to cut; to stop, detain
f
-
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
l46l
1462
1463
1464
59
kum to 'turn over' plants of corn;
I keep liquid in ray mouth
(see ’urn)
kam handful of rope
’am spider
’urn to keep liqiii in the mouth for
a short while
hem
ham
bom
$
hum
sim
sem
sam
som
sum
S im
conversttional form (significance?)
'hello', salutations; where are
you going?
a large roman candle (explosive
part)
to puff up cheeks
nose drip ('snot')
he breaks ground, plows (see hem)
leaves which are rotting on the
ground
sound of walking in a wet place
to sow land without preparing the
soil
to destroy (drop) something old
(see him)
Horn to eat a piece of fruit
-
60.
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1475
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
him
hem
ham
hom
hum
mem
mam
mum
nam
nom
wum
yam
yom
yum
lim
to destroy something old (intr.
of Sim ?)
to plow
to open
I eat a piece of fruit; path
of mole who has destroyed milpa
type of chile; to he in pain from
a wound; sound of many people
talking
conversational form (significance?)
grandfather (old person); grand-
child (form for men)
type of honey from one kind of bee
far, distant
far-away place
you keep liquid in your mouth
(see ?um)
to smooth back hair with hands
to fan; to pray for life of newborn
he keeps 'liquid in his mouth
(see ’urn)
stre.tch out or unfold (as petate,
newspaper)
-
6l
1492
1493 1494
1495 1496
1497 1498
1499 1500
1501 1502
1503 1504
1505 1506
1507 1508
1509 1510
1511 1512
1513 1514
1515 1516
1517
1518
1519 1520
1521
1522
1525 1524
lem
lam
lom
lum
pan
ten
tan
ton
tun
tin
tun
i in (!en
/an
/on
/in
to light up, illuminate
undershirt; piece of paper
worn out clothes; to make a pot
town, land, area
bread (Sp. ’pan')
to grind on a metate
breast
rock, stone
to serve
to dill
to track, trail a person or animal
sound of coins
distant lights which are seen at
night
sound produced when a stone is
thrown in a cave
pubic hair
a moment, a second
-
62
1525 1526
1527 1528
1529 1550 1551 1552 1555 1554
1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544
1545 1546
1547 1548
1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557
1558
j?un
2 in
2 an
Son
$in
$en
kan
kon
kun
kin
kan
kon
kun
’in
’an
’on
"bin
ben
ban
bon
sin
sen
to sow
pimple
snake (in gen.)> to learn
to sell
little, small
rock, stone
sound of water swished in a bottle
my avocado (see ’on)
mine
party, fiesta
yellowj to want
to arrive
soft
that, those
to flee
type of avocado
what; that
•good'j very much, a lot
where an animal walks
to paint
sound of mouse i
to not speak (no one speaks -
implies that all are asleep)
-
1559 1560
1561 1562
1563
1564
1565 15 66
1567 1568
1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580
1581 1582
1583 1584
1585 1586
1587 1588
1589 1590
63
sun
Sin
San
Sun
hin
han
hon
hun
man
mon
nen
nan
wen
wan
wun
yan
yun
his paper (see hun); type of honey
poorly cooked (raw) food
type of palm; conversational
particle* e.g. still?
man's name (Sp. Juan)
to have been destroyed (an object)
(see him, sim)
sound of flight of 'animals'
(e.g., bee)
I (rapd form of ho’on)
one; paper
to buy
to climb (rel. to moh)
mirror
mama
family name (Sp. Gomez)
man's name (Sp. Juan)
(it is) yours
other
(it is) his
-
6k 1591
1592
1593
159^
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601 1602 1603 160k 1605 1606
1607 1608
1609 1610 1611 1612
1613 1614
1615 1616
1617 1618 1619 1620 1621
1622
1623 1621*. 1625
lan
Ion
piw
paw
taw
f^aw
j?iw
j£ew
a thick object
sir, mister (Sp. ’don')
sound of chick
to cook
to meet
to choose, select
sound of a bird which lives in
the mountains
sound of pig
-
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
l64o
l64l
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
65
Saw sound of mountain catj to take,
grab
$iw sound of a chicken being grabbed
£ew " " " type of mountain bird
&aw " " " dog's bark
kiw sound of century plant when it's
broken
kaw I plant (see ’aw)
kew sound of rooster when grabbed
’aw to vomitj to plant
baw to empty something a little bit
saw to read; look for (intr. of sa’ ?)
-
66
1659 1660
1661
1662
1663
Siw
Saw
1664 1665
1666
1667
1668 haw
1669
1670
1671 1672
1673 1674
1675 1676
1677 1678
1679 1680
1681
1682
1683
1684 1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690 1691
naw
waw
yaw
to be afraid
to wash the head (intr. of 8a’ ?)j
man's name (Sp. Sebastian)
to stretch out arms full length
at sides
to understand (intr. of na’)
you plant (see ’aw)
he plants (see ’aw)
-
67
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
pay fox
puy snail
tay sound of chicken 'singing'
(clucking?)
toy to lift, pick up
tuy to cut, saw with hack and forth
motion
tay to: move like a pendulum
tuy to return to vertical position
(a suspended, round object)
^ey fruit which isn't ripe
^ay to move distal phalange of finger
-
1724
1725
1726
1727 1728
1729 1730
1731 1732
1733 1734
1735 1736
1737 1738
1739
1740
1741 1742
1743 1744
1745 1746
1747 1748
1749 1750
1751 1752
1753 1754
68
j?uy to return to vertical position
(=£uy); describes a kind of
walk
Say fish
Soy to weaken
Suy to carry objects in folded pants
when don't have a bag
£ay to lose
Suy to cut with a machete
key interj. - for much pain
kay I eat (see ?ay)
koy O.K., 'fine'; my house column
(see ’oy)
kuy to think
’ay to eat; to be, exist
’oy column support for house
’uy interj. when tired
bey 'that' road (pointing to it)
bay where
-
1755
1756 1757 1758 1759
1760
1761 1762
1763 176^
1765 1766
1767 1768
1769
1770 1771 1772 1773 177^
1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780
1781 1782
69
tuy press "back and forth and crush;
to decompose; overcooked corn
which can't he eaten
say to dry up, wither slowly
soy he takes a walk (not straight);
his friend (see hoy)
suy type of extremely hard rock
(proh. iron pyrites)
Soy to fold or double up with hands
and break
hay thin, narrow
hoy to take a walk (not straight);
friend; husband
huy to stir
mey my mama
may cigaret
ney
nay
noy
my tail
yes i
I iron, press
-
70
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
way
woy
wuy
yay
yoy
loy
Pil
pal
pol
pul
til
tel.
tal
tul
tal
you eat (see ’ay); to hear;
to sleep
your house column (see ’oy)
press hack and forth and crush;
to decompose
he eats (see ’ay); to listen
his house column (see ?oy)
I give (Sp. 'doy')
family name (Sp. Gomez)
*NC* - one whole hunch of bananas
to roll silk in a hall; to make a
path with a machete
to grow (as onion) after cutting;
to fill; family name (Sp. Gomez)
to burn; unfasten, untie
to double over, roll up
to come
*NC* - one person; to cut fruit
to have a cold body (to feel cold)
-
71.
1814
1815 1816 1817
tol
tul
J^il lei
1818 1819
1820
m
1823
1824
1825 1826 1827 1828
1829
l al
lol
/ul
lei
l al
i?ol
j?Ul
511
Sal
Sol
1830 1831
1832 1833
1834
1835
1836 1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
Sul
*il
t&i
tol
tul
kil
kal
kol
kul
kal
kol
to cool a hot liquid
*NC* - one drop of liquid? rabbit
type of plant
to roll down a hill (a stone)?
to plane or level wood
a part of a fence
to pass by (a rai)
to push a rock along the earth
when something is not in 'order'
(e.g., a leaning book)
to pick up firewood to carry on
one's back
a type of squash
rhubarb
sound of and type of grasshopper
to dig a ditch or trough
to divide among several people?
a furrow, line
family name (Sp, Gomez)
to make pop corn
to decorate
to fill a container
God? to smooth, plane
I see (see ’il)
I say (see ’al)
to save? to be well
my atole (corn gruel - see ’ul)
field for farming(milpa)
*NC* - one 'ball' of cooked
vegetables.
-
72
1845
1846 m 1849
1850 1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861 1862
1863 1864
1865 1866
1867
1868
1869 1870 1871
1872
1873
1874
/
’ll
’al
’ol
’ul
bil
bel
bal
bol
bul
8 11
sel
sal
sol
sul
511
5al
5ul
hil
bel
hal
hoi
hul
mil
mel
mal
mol
to see
to say; to be heavy (an object)
a part of a loom; to add to
atole
name (in gen.)
traveller
*NC* - one word; man's brother-in-
law; 'yes, that's so'!
crazy; a cooked ear of eating corn
to pull up a plant with root; to
to fall over (a plant) with root
to break (as ocote)
to work in same place and redo some
work there (as replow land)
to begin to itch
his head (see hoi)
he leeches blood (see hul)
to remain
to make a shirt
pole used for house roof aupport
*NC* - one piece of clothing; to
leave, depart
to change; a trap for rats and
mice
to weave
head
to leech blood; to arrive
to kill
to send (an object)
to drop or fall (a container of
liquids)
old; old person
-
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
mul guilt, blame
nil sound when destroy things (as
rocks)
nel time has passed
nol to make clay or corn meal in the
form of balls
nul to plant with pole (hard ground);
to eat unripe corn with teeth
wil to fly; you see (see *il)
wel *NC* - one flat object (as paper,
leaf); to clean body with leaves
in ^w^at :h©use•
wal you say (see ?al); your son
wol *NC* - one plant, one large ball of
corn meal; one block of houses
wul your atole (see *ul)
yil he sees (see *il)
yal he says (see ?al); his son
yol heart of wood
yul his atole (see ’ul)
lol anti-baptismal name for boys;
type of root (eat it)
-
sound of airplane
sound of little birds flying
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
ml 1935
1936
1937
1938
par
por
tar eound of spinning
^ir type and sound of grasshopper
j?ir sound of a type of bird
Sor sound of type of grasshopper
Sur sound of (metal-type) whistle
-
75
1939 1940
1941 1942
1943 1944
1945 1946
1947 1948
1949 1950
1951 1952
1953 1954
1955 1956
1957 1958
1959 1960 1961 1962
1963 1964
1965 1966
1967 1968
1969 1970
1971 1972
1973
kor to snore; sound of snoring
»
kor sound of a type of grasshopper
sir sound of a type of bird
har sound of airplane
-
76
197^ 1975 1976
1977 1978
1979 1980
1981 1982
1985 1984
1985 1986
1987 1988
1989 1990
1991 1992
1995 1994
1995 1996
1997 1998
1999 2000
2001
2002
2005 2004
2005 2006
2007 2008
ler
rer
pa
te
ta
to see (Sp. 'leer’)
net "bag (Sp. 1 red ' )
sour
the, these, that, when, etc.
to, in the act ofj ocote (kindling
wood - type of pine)
2009
-
77
*
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 to
2015 tu
2016
2017
2018 fa
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026 81
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
So
ke
sound of cutting wood with
machete
sound of drop of water falling
on something
to use something new for the 1st
time
to fall in waterj sound of this
action
henequen (Sp. 'pita' - rope from
century plant)
man's name
that, which (Sp. 'que')
-
78
\
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043 ka
2044
2045
2046 ’i
2047 *e
2048
2049
2050 *u
2051 bi
2052 be
2053 ba
2054 bo
2055
2056
2057
