Short History Care PartsParts FocusingThe History Many people experimented with making microscopes Many people experimented with making microscopes Was the microscope originally made by accident? (Most people were creating telescopes) The first microscope was 6 feet long!!!The first microscope was 6 feet long!!! The Greeks!omans "sed #lenses$ to magnify ob%ects o&er '((( years ago)The History *ans and +acharias ,anssen of *olland in the '-.(/s created the #first$ compo"nd microscope 0nthony &an 1ee"wenhoek and !obert *ooke 0nthony &an 1ee"wenhoek and !obert *ooke made impro&ements by working on the lensesAnthony van Leeuwenhoek1632-1723Robert Hooke 1635-1703 Hooke MicroscopeThe HistoryZacharias Jansen1588-1631The First MicroscopeHow a Microscope WorksConvex Lenses arecurved glass used tocurved glass used to make microscopes(and glasses etc.)Convex Lenses bendlight and focus it inone spot.How a Microscope WorksOcular Lens(Magnifies Image)Objective Lens(Gathers Light,(Magnifies Image)(Gathers Light,MagnifiesAnd Focuses Image Inside Body Tube)Body Tube(Image Focuses)Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside thebody tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a microscope magnifies it (again).Types of MicroscopesLight Microscope - the models found in most schools, use compound lenses to magnify objects. The lenses bend or refract light to make the object beneath them appear closer. closer.Common magnifications: 40x, 100x, 400x Always carry with 2 handsOnly use lens paper for cleaningThe Light MicroscopeGuidelines for Use Only use lens paper for cleaning Do not force knobs Always store coveredEyepieceBody Tube Body TubeRevolving NosepieceArmObjective LensStageStage ClipsCoarse FocusDiapragmCoarse FocusFine FocusBaseDiapragmLigtBody Tube The body t"be holds the ob%ecti&e lenses and the oc"lar lens at the proper distance oc"lar lens at the proper distanceDiagramNose Piece The 2ose 3iece holds the ob%ecti&e lenses and can be The 2ose 3iece holds the ob%ecti&e lenses and can be t"rned to increase the magnificationDiagramObjective Lenses The 4b%ecti&e 1enses increase magnification ("s"ally The 4b%ecti&e 1enses increase magnification ("s"ally from '(x to 5(x)DiagramStage !ips These 6 clips hold the slide7specimen in place on the These 6 clips hold the slide7specimen in place on the stage)Diagram"iaphrag# The 8iaphragm controls the amo"nt of light on the The 8iaphragm controls the amo"nt of light on the slide7specimenTurn to let more light in or tomake dimmer.DiagramLight Source 3ro%ects light "pwards thro"gh the diaphragm9 the 3ro%ects light "pwards thro"gh the diaphragm9 the specimen and the lenses :ome ha&e lights9 others ha&e mirrors where yo" m"st mo&e the mirror to reflect lightDiagramOcu!ar Lens$%yepiece Magnifies the specimen imageMagnifies the specimen imageDiagram&r# ;sed to s"pport the microscope when carried)*olds ;sed to s"pport the microscope when carried)*olds the body t"be9 nose piece and ob%ecti&e lensesDiagramStage :"pports the slide7specimen :"pports the slide7specimen Diagramoarse &djust#ent 'nob Mo&es the stage "p and down ( use coarse and fine knob 2.Low power --> use coarse and fine knob3.High power --> use fine knob onlyDO NOT SKIP STEPS!!!!B >o"r slide M;:T be foc"sed on low power before attempting this stepB Click the nosepiece to the longestB Click the nosepiece to the longest ob%ecti&eB 8o NOT "se the Coarse Doc"sing Enob9 this co"ld crack the slide or the lensB ;se the Dine Doc"s Enob to bring the slideDrawing Specimens1. Use pencil - you can erase and shade areas2. All drawings should include clear and proper labels (and be large enough to view details). Drawings should be labeled with the specimen name and magnification.3. Labels should be written on the outside of the circle. The circle indicates the viewing field as seen through the eyepiece, specimens should be drawn to scale - ie..if your specimen takes up the whole viewing field, make sure your drawing reflects that.Cleanup1. Store microscopes with the scanning objective in place.2. Wrap cords and cover microscopes. *Double check to make sure you didn't leave a slide3. Place microscopes in their designated location (probably a cabinet)TroubleshootingOccasionally you may have trouble with working your microscope. Here are some common problems and solutions.1. Image is too dark!Adjust the diaphragm, make sure your light is on.2. There's a spot in my viewing field, even when I move the slide the spot stays in the same place!Your lens is dirty. Use lens paper, and only lens paper to carefully clean the objective and ocular lens. The ocular lens can be removed to clean the inside.The spot is probably a spec of dust.3. I can't see anything under high power!Remember the steps, if you can't focus under scanning and then low power, youRemember the steps, if you can't focus under scanning and then low power, you won't be able to focus anything under high power.Start at scanning and walk through the steps again.4. Only half of my viewing field is lit, it looks like there's a half-moon in there!You probably don't have your objective fully clicked into place..Carrying a MicroscopeAB Return the lowest power Storing The Microscope Return the lowest power objective in place Wrap the cord around the base base Return dustcoverPreparing a slide Using a pipet or dropper, add a drop of water or another solvent to a clean microscope slide. Then, place the specimen in the water.specimen in the water. Place the edge of a coverslip on the slide so that it touches the edge of the water. Slowly lower the coverslip to prevent the formation of air bubbles.