Russia’s History Russia’s History Russia’s History Russia’s History Russia’s History Russia’s History Russia’s History Russia’s History

Czar “Czar “RamanovRamanov Family” Rules RussiaFamily” Rules Russia

►► Russia was becoming powerful and the lives of Russia was becoming powerful and the lives of

serfs had not improved. Russia was divided serfs had not improved. Russia was divided

between two groups; the very rich and the very between two groups; the very rich and the very

poor. Tensions between the two groups began to poor. Tensions between the two groups began to

rise drastically. rise drastically.

►► 18551855--1881 Alexander II1881 Alexander II

►► --Wanted Russia to become more like European Wanted Russia to become more like European

nations. nations.

►► --Freed the serfs and gave them their own land.Freed the serfs and gave them their own land.

►►18811881--1894 Alexander III1894 Alexander III

►►--Reversed many of his father’s reforms and Reversed many of his father’s reforms and

the country again came under harsh rule. the country again came under harsh rule.

►►18941894--1917 Nicholas II1917 Nicholas II

►►--After a devastating defeat by the Japanese, After a devastating defeat by the Japanese,

unrest grew among serfs and workers. unrest grew among serfs and workers.

Czar “Czar “RamanovRamanov Family” Rules RussiaFamily” Rules Russia

►► --Bloody Sunday 1/22/05: Bloody Sunday 1/22/05: Thousand of workers Thousand of workers marched to the Winter marched to the Winter Palace to request reforms Palace to request reforms from the czar. The workers from the czar. The workers were met by troops that fired were met by troops that fired into the crowds killing into the crowds killing thousands.thousands.

►► --After Bloody Sunday After Bloody Sunday Nicholas was forced to agree Nicholas was forced to agree to the “to the “DumaDuma”. The “”. The “DumaDuma” ” was a congress elected by was a congress elected by the people. The the people. The DumaDuma held held power along with czar until power along with czar until 1917. 1917.

World War OneWorld War One

►► 19141914--19191919

►►War that was fought over territory and War that was fought over territory and

alliances in Europe.alliances in Europe.

►► Russia formed an alliance with France, Russia formed an alliance with France,

Britain, and the USABritain, and the USA

►► 2, 500, 000 Russians killed2, 500, 000 Russians killed

►► Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 due Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 due

to its own civil war at home. Russia was to its own civil war at home. Russia was

economically devastated after the war.economically devastated after the war.

World War OneWorld War One►► Inflation soared, Inflation soared, people suffered severe people suffered severe food shortages and food shortages and reconstruction costs reconstruction costs were astronomical. were astronomical. Russia was on the Russia was on the verge of collapse. The verge of collapse. The Russian citizens rioted. Russian citizens rioted. The czar Nicholas The czar Nicholas Romanov was forced to Romanov was forced to relinquish his power relinquish his power and a weak democratic and a weak democratic government controls government controls Russia. Russia.

Communist Principles Rule RussiaCommunist Principles Rule Russia

►► 1917 Vladimir Lenin 1917 Vladimir Lenin overthrows the new overthrows the new Russian democracy Russian democracy and makes peace and makes peace with Germany.with Germany.

►► In order to heal the In order to heal the deep split between deep split between Russia’s rich and Russia’s rich and poor, Lenin installs poor, Lenin installs a communist a communist government. government.

Russian Civil WarRussian Civil War►► 19171917--19221922

►► Communists come to Communists come to

power under Lenin. power under Lenin.

►► War broke out between War broke out between

the communists and the communists and

nationalists. The war nationalists. The war

lasted for three years lasted for three years

and cost millions of and cost millions of

Russian lives. Russian lives.

►► The czar Nicholas The czar Nicholas

Romanov and his Romanov and his

family are murdered by family are murdered by

the Bolsheviks the Bolsheviks

(Communists). (Communists).

USSR FormedUSSR Formed

►►1922 under Lenin1922 under Lenin

►►Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics

►►The USSR was made up of Russia and The USSR was made up of Russia and

smaller republics under Russian smaller republics under Russian

control.control.

►►Lenin jailed or killed people who Lenin jailed or killed people who

opposed his communist government.opposed his communist government.

USSR FormedUSSR Formed

►► Bulgaria, Bulgaria,

Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia,

Hungary, Poland, Hungary, Poland,

Romania, Albania, Romania, Albania,

East Germany, East Germany,

Mongolia, Cuba, and Mongolia, Cuba, and

Vietnam were Vietnam were

nations that were nations that were

ruled by the USSR. ruled by the USSR.

►► Lenin dies in 1924Lenin dies in 1924

Josef Stalin Rules RussiaJosef Stalin Rules Russia

►Rules from 1924-1953

►Stalin is a harsh and cruel dictator that supports communist principles. He controlled every aspect of Soviet life and jailed or executed anyone who opposed him.

Josef Stalin Rules RussiaJosef Stalin Rules Russia

Stalin forced the serfs to give their farm products to the government and sent millions of serfs to the Siberian Labor camps where millions died.

World War TwoWorld War Two

►►In 1939, Stalin signed a pact with In 1939, Stalin signed a pact with

Germany to not invade, Germany Germany to not invade, Germany

invades anyway. invades anyway.

►►In 1941, Germany invades the USSR In 1941, Germany invades the USSR

and millions die. Soviet cities are and millions die. Soviet cities are

destroyed. destroyed.

World War Two World War Two ►► The Soviets joined The Soviets joined forces with the forces with the Allies and captured Allies and captured Berlin, Germany in Berlin, Germany in 1945. Germany is 1945. Germany is defeated and the defeated and the Russians never Russians never leave Eastern leave Eastern Europe after the Europe after the war. war.

Cold WarCold War

►►The Cold War was a time of great The Cold War was a time of great

tension in the world. Communist tension in the world. Communist

countries of Eastern Europe and the countries of Eastern Europe and the

USSR formed an alliance called the USSR formed an alliance called the

Warsaw Countries. Warsaw Countries.

►►The capitalist countries of Western The capitalist countries of Western

Europe and the USA formed the Europe and the USA formed the

alliance of NATO Countries. alliance of NATO Countries.

Cold WarCold War

►► The two alliances The two alliances competed in an competed in an arms race of nuclear arms race of nuclear weapons, a space weapons, a space race, through race, through education, and the education, and the Olympics. Olympics.

►► The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain marked the dividing marked the dividing line between line between communism and communism and capitalism.capitalism.

Sputnik LaunchedSputnik Launched

►►The Cold War was a time of great The Cold War was a time of great

tension and secrets. Both the United tension and secrets. Both the United

States and the USSR worked very hard States and the USSR worked very hard

to secure their countries. to secure their countries.

►►Both nations were very fearful of Both nations were very fearful of

spying and nuclear attacks. spying and nuclear attacks.

Sputnik LaunchedSputnik Launched►► Sputnik was one of Sputnik was one of the ten artificial the ten artificial orbiting satellites orbiting satellites launched by the launched by the USSR that was USSR that was believed to be believed to be spying on the USA. spying on the USA.

Vietnam WarVietnam War

►► 19591959--19751975

►► Conflict was part of the Conflict was part of the Cold War and was a Cold War and was a hidden war between hidden war between the USA and the USA and USSR/China. USSR/China.

►► South Vietnam: South Vietnam: CapitalistsCapitalists�� USA SupportedUSA Supported

►► North Vietnam: North Vietnam: Vietcong (Communists)Vietcong (Communists)�� USSR/China SupportedUSSR/China Supported

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

►► The Berlin Wall was The Berlin Wall was built in 1961. It built in 1961. It divided Berlin, divided Berlin, Germany into the Germany into the East (Communism) East (Communism) and the West and the West (Capitalism). This (Capitalism). This wall split families wall split families and friends for 28 and friends for 28 years. years.

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

►►19621962

►►Communist Dictator Fidel Castro rules Communist Dictator Fidel Castro rules

Cuba with the financial and military Cuba with the financial and military

support of the USSR. support of the USSR.

►►The USA had long range nuclear The USA had long range nuclear

missiles that could strike all of the missiles that could strike all of the

USSR. The USSR was unable to reach USSR. The USSR was unable to reach

the USA with their missiles. the USA with their missiles.

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

►► The USSR devised a The USSR devised a plan to set up Soviet plan to set up Soviet nuclear sites in Cuba nuclear sites in Cuba that could reach the that could reach the USA. USA.

►► Both nations were in Both nations were in the highest state of the highest state of readiness and prepared readiness and prepared to use nuclear weapons to use nuclear weapons to defend their to defend their territory. territory.

►► This crisis is the closest This crisis is the closest the world has ever the world has ever come to nuclear war.come to nuclear war.

USSR Invades AfghanistanUSSR Invades Afghanistan

►► 19791979--19891989

►► USSR invades USSR invades Afghanistan in attempt Afghanistan in attempt to install a communist to install a communist government. government.

►► The United States The United States supported the Islamic supported the Islamic Fundamentalist Fundamentalist government (Taliban government (Taliban and Bin Laden) that and Bin Laden) that opposed Soviet rule. opposed Soviet rule.

►► Extension of the Cold Extension of the Cold War War

ChernobylChernobyl

►►1986 Ukraine1986 Ukraine

►►Worst nuclear reactor disaster in Worst nuclear reactor disaster in

history. The explosion caused history. The explosion caused

radioactive material to be released radioactive material to be released

into the atmosphere. into the atmosphere.

►►Hundreds suffered from severe Hundreds suffered from severe

radiation sickness, high cancer rates radiation sickness, high cancer rates

and genetic mutations were common. and genetic mutations were common.

ChernobylChernobyl

►►Chernobyl and Chernobyl and near by towns near by towns were all were all evacuated. evacuated.

Fall of Berlin WallFall of Berlin Wall

►► November 9November 9thth, 1989, 1989

►► East German East German government opens its government opens its borders to the West borders to the West and allows thousands and allows thousands to pass freely through to pass freely through the Berlin Wall. the Berlin Wall.

►► November 10November 10thth, 1989: , 1989: East German troops East German troops begin to dismantle the begin to dismantle the Berlin Wall which Berlin Wall which marked the end of marked the end of communism in Europe.communism in Europe.

Break Up of the USSRBreak Up of the USSR

►►19911991

►►In economic ruin due to military In economic ruin due to military

spending to support the Cold War, the spending to support the Cold War, the

USSR collapses. USSR collapses.

►►Russia becomes democratic and Russia becomes democratic and

embraces capitalism. embraces capitalism.

Break Up of the USSRBreak Up of the USSR

►► Former Russian Former Russian republics emerge as republics emerge as free nations and free nations and hold their own hold their own elections. elections.

►► Communism is no Communism is no longer present in longer present in Europe. Europe.