Russia’s Russia’s History History

Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules RussiaRussia

► Russia was becoming powerful and the lives Russia was becoming powerful and the lives of serfs had not improved. Russia was of serfs had not improved. Russia was divided between two groups; the very rich divided between two groups; the very rich and the very poor. Tensions between the and the very poor. Tensions between the two groups began to rise drastically. two groups began to rise drastically.

► 1855-1881 Alexander II1855-1881 Alexander II► -Wanted Russia to become more like -Wanted Russia to become more like

European nations. European nations. ► -Freed the serfs and gave them their own -Freed the serfs and gave them their own

land.land.

►1881-1894 Alexander III1881-1894 Alexander III►-Reversed many of his father’s reforms -Reversed many of his father’s reforms

and the country again came under and the country again came under harsh rule. harsh rule.

►1894-1917 Nicholas II1894-1917 Nicholas II►-After a devastating defeat by the -After a devastating defeat by the

Japanese, unrest grew among serfs Japanese, unrest grew among serfs and workers. and workers.

Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules RussiaRussia

► -Bloody Sunday 1/22/05: -Bloody Sunday 1/22/05: Thousand of workers Thousand of workers marched to the Winter marched to the Winter Palace to request reforms Palace to request reforms from the czar. The from the czar. The workers were met by workers were met by troops that fired into the troops that fired into the crowds killing thousands.crowds killing thousands.

► -After Bloody Sunday -After Bloody Sunday Nicholas was forced to Nicholas was forced to agree to the “Duma”. agree to the “Duma”. The “Duma” was a The “Duma” was a congress elected by the congress elected by the people. The Duma held people. The Duma held power along with czar power along with czar until 1917. until 1917.

World War OneWorld War One

► 1914-19191914-1919►War that was fought over territory and War that was fought over territory and

alliances in Europe.alliances in Europe.►Russia formed an alliance with France, Russia formed an alliance with France,

Britain, and the USABritain, and the USA► 2, 500, 000 Russians killed2, 500, 000 Russians killed►Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 Russia withdrew from the war in 1917

due to its own civil war at home. Russia due to its own civil war at home. Russia was economically devastated after the was economically devastated after the war.war.

World War OneWorld War One ► Inflation soared, Inflation soared,

people suffered severe people suffered severe food shortages and food shortages and reconstruction costs reconstruction costs were astronomical. were astronomical. Russia was on the Russia was on the verge of collapse. The verge of collapse. The Russian citizens Russian citizens rioted. The czar rioted. The czar Nicholas Romanov was Nicholas Romanov was forced to relinquish his forced to relinquish his power and a weak power and a weak democratic democratic government controls government controls Russia. Russia.

Communist Principles Rule Communist Principles Rule RussiaRussia

► 1917 Vladimir 1917 Vladimir Lenin overthrows Lenin overthrows the new Russian the new Russian democracy and democracy and makes peace with makes peace with Germany.Germany.

► In order to heal the In order to heal the deep split between deep split between Russia’s rich and Russia’s rich and poor, Lenin installs poor, Lenin installs a communist a communist government. government.

Russian Civil WarRussian Civil War ► 1917-19221917-1922► Communists come to Communists come to

power under Lenin. power under Lenin. ► War broke out War broke out

between the between the communists and communists and nationalists. The war nationalists. The war lasted for three years lasted for three years and cost millions of and cost millions of Russian lives. Russian lives.

► The czar Nicholas The czar Nicholas Romanov and his Romanov and his family are murdered family are murdered by the Bolsheviks by the Bolsheviks (Communists). (Communists).

USSR FormedUSSR Formed

►1922 under Lenin1922 under Lenin►Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics►The USSR was made up of Russia The USSR was made up of Russia

and smaller republics under and smaller republics under Russian control.Russian control.

►Lenin jailed or killed people who Lenin jailed or killed people who opposed his communist opposed his communist government.government.

USSR FormedUSSR Formed

► Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Albania, Romania, Albania, East Germany, East Germany, Mongolia, Cuba, Mongolia, Cuba, and Vietnam were and Vietnam were nations that were nations that were ruled by the USSR. ruled by the USSR.

► Lenin dies in 1924Lenin dies in 1924

Josef Stalin Rules RussiaJosef Stalin Rules Russia

►Rules from 1924-1953►Stalin is a harsh and cruel dictator

that supports communist principles. He controlled every aspect of Soviet life and jailed or executed anyone who opposed him.

Josef Stalin Rules RussiaJosef Stalin Rules Russia

Stalin forced the serfs to give their farm products to the government and sent millions of serfs to the Siberian Labor camps where millions died.

World War TwoWorld War Two

►In 1939, Stalin signed a pact with In 1939, Stalin signed a pact with Germany to not invade, Germany Germany to not invade, Germany invades anyway. invades anyway.

►In 1941, Germany invades the In 1941, Germany invades the USSR and millions die. Soviet USSR and millions die. Soviet cities are destroyed. cities are destroyed.

World War Two World War Two ► The Soviets The Soviets

joined forces with joined forces with the Allies and the Allies and captured Berlin, captured Berlin, Germany in 1945. Germany in 1945. Germany is Germany is defeated and the defeated and the Russians never Russians never leave Eastern leave Eastern Europe after the Europe after the war. war.

Cold WarCold War

►The Cold War was a time of great The Cold War was a time of great tension in the world. Communist tension in the world. Communist countries of Eastern Europe and countries of Eastern Europe and the USSR formed an alliance the USSR formed an alliance called the Warsaw Countries. called the Warsaw Countries.

►The capitalist countries of The capitalist countries of Western Europe and the USA Western Europe and the USA formed the alliance of NATO formed the alliance of NATO Countries. Countries.

Cold WarCold War

► The two alliances The two alliances competed in an competed in an arms race of arms race of nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons, a space race, a space race, through education, through education, and the Olympics. and the Olympics.

► The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain marked the marked the dividing line dividing line between between communism and communism and capitalism.capitalism.

Sputnik LaunchedSputnik Launched

►The Cold War was a time of great The Cold War was a time of great tension and secrets. Both the tension and secrets. Both the United States and the USSR United States and the USSR worked very hard to secure their worked very hard to secure their countries. countries.

►Both nations were very fearful of Both nations were very fearful of spying and nuclear attacks. spying and nuclear attacks.

Sputnik LaunchedSputnik Launched► Sputnik was one Sputnik was one

of the ten of the ten artificial orbiting artificial orbiting satellites satellites launched by the launched by the USSR that was USSR that was believed to be believed to be spying on the spying on the USA. USA.

Vietnam WarVietnam War

► 1959-19751959-1975► Conflict was part of Conflict was part of

the Cold War and the Cold War and was a hidden war was a hidden war between the USA between the USA and USSR/China. and USSR/China.

► South Vietnam: South Vietnam: CapitalistsCapitalists USA SupportedUSA Supported

► North Vietnam: North Vietnam: Vietcong Vietcong (Communists)(Communists) USSR/China SupportedUSSR/China Supported

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

► The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was built in 1961. was built in 1961. It divided Berlin, It divided Berlin, Germany into the Germany into the East East (Communism) and (Communism) and the West the West (Capitalism). This (Capitalism). This wall split families wall split families and friends for 28 and friends for 28 years. years.

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

►19621962►Communist Dictator Fidel Castro Communist Dictator Fidel Castro

rules Cuba with the financial and rules Cuba with the financial and military support of the USSR. military support of the USSR.

►The USA had long range nuclear The USA had long range nuclear missiles that could strike all of the missiles that could strike all of the USSR. The USSR was unable to USSR. The USSR was unable to reach the USA with their missiles. reach the USA with their missiles.

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis► The USSR devised a The USSR devised a

plan to set up Soviet plan to set up Soviet nuclear sites in Cuba nuclear sites in Cuba that could reach the that could reach the USA. USA.

► Both nations were in Both nations were in the highest state of the highest state of readiness and readiness and prepared to use prepared to use nuclear weapons to nuclear weapons to defend their territory. defend their territory.

► This crisis is the This crisis is the closest the world has closest the world has ever come to nuclear ever come to nuclear war.war.

USSR Invades AfghanistanUSSR Invades Afghanistan

► 1979-19891979-1989► USSR invades USSR invades

Afghanistan in Afghanistan in attempt to install a attempt to install a communist communist government. government.

► The United States The United States supported the supported the Islamic Islamic Fundamentalist Fundamentalist government (Taliban government (Taliban and Bin Laden) that and Bin Laden) that opposed Soviet rule. opposed Soviet rule.

► Extension of the Cold Extension of the Cold War War

ChernobylChernobyl

►1986 Ukraine1986 Ukraine►Worst nuclear reactor disaster in Worst nuclear reactor disaster in

history. The explosion caused history. The explosion caused radioactive material to be released radioactive material to be released into the atmosphere. into the atmosphere.

►Hundreds suffered from severe Hundreds suffered from severe radiation sickness, high cancer radiation sickness, high cancer rates and genetic mutations were rates and genetic mutations were common. common.

ChernobylChernobyl

►Chernobyl Chernobyl and near by and near by towns were towns were all evacuated. all evacuated.

Fall of Berlin WallFall of Berlin Wall

► November 9November 9thth, 1989, 1989► East German East German

government opens government opens its borders to the its borders to the West and allows West and allows thousands to pass thousands to pass freely through the freely through the Berlin Wall. Berlin Wall.

► November 10November 10thth, 1989: , 1989: East German troops East German troops begin to dismantle begin to dismantle the Berlin Wall which the Berlin Wall which marked the end of marked the end of communism in communism in Europe.Europe.

Break Up of the USSRBreak Up of the USSR

►19911991►In economic ruin due to military In economic ruin due to military

spending to support the Cold spending to support the Cold War, the USSR collapses. War, the USSR collapses.

►Russia becomes democratic and Russia becomes democratic and embraces capitalism. embraces capitalism.

Break Up of the USSRBreak Up of the USSR

► Former Russian Former Russian republics emerge republics emerge as free nations as free nations and hold their and hold their own elections. own elections.

► Communism is no Communism is no longer present in longer present in Europe. Europe.