Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques,G. D. Vendelin,Microwave Systems Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques

Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques , G. D. Vendelin, Microwave Systems

Microwave CircuitDesign Using Linear

and Nonlinear Techniques

GEORGE D. VENDELIN


OUTLINES

RF/microwave systems

Lumped and distributed elements

Active devices

Two-port networks

Impedance matching

Microwave filters

Noise in linear two-ports

Small and large-signal amplifier design

Power amplifier design

Oscillator design

Microwave mixer design

RF switches and attenuators

Microwave CAD for MMIC requirements


Microwave Systems


First GaAs MESFET amplifiers for 12-GHz satellite application for direct broadcast TV

Microwave Systems



Microwave Systems



Microwave Systems


Heterodyne Receiver

Super Heterodyne Receiver

RF: 1 MHz to 1GHz

Microwave: 1–30 GHz

Millimeter wave: 30–300 GHz or higher

Microwave Systems


Applications:

Wireless communications: space, long-distance, cordless phones, cellular telephones, mobile, PCS, local-area networks (LANs), aircraft, marine, citizen’s band (CB) radio, vehicle, satellite.

Radar: airborne, marine, vehicle, collision avoidance, weather, imaging, air defense, traffic control, police, intrusion detection, weapon guidance, surveillance.

Navigation: microwave landing system (MLS), global positioning system (GPS), beacon, terrain avoidance, Imaging radar, collision avoidance, auto-pilot, air raft, marine, vehicle.

Remote sensing: Earth monitoring, meteorology, pollution monitoring, forest, soil moisture, vegetation, agriculture, fisheries, mining, desert, ocean, land surface, clouds, precipitation, wind, flood, snow, iceberg, urban growth, aviation and marine traffic, surveillance.

RF identification: security, antitheft, access control, product tracking, inventory control, keyless entry, animal tracking, toll collection, automatic checkout, asset management.

Broadcasting: amplitude- and frequency-modulated (AM, FM) radio, TV, direct broadcast satellite (DBS), universal radio system.

Automobiles and highways: collision warning and avoidance, GPS, blind-spot radar, adaptive cruise control, auto navigation, road-to-vehicle communications, automobile communications, near-obstacle detection, radar speed sensors, vehicle RF identification, intelligent vehicle and highway system (IVHS), automated highway, automatic toll collection, traffic control, ground penetration radar, structure inspection, road guidance, range and speed detection, vehicle detection.

Sensors: moisture sensors, temperature sensors, robotics, buried-object detection, traffic monitoring, antitheft, intruder detection, industrial sensors.

Microwave Systems


Wireless Applications:

Surveillance and electronic warfare: spy satellites, signal or radiation monitoring, troop movement, jamming, anti-jamming, police radar detectors, intruder detection.

Medical: magnetic resonance imaging, microwave imaging, patient monitoring, etc.

Radio astronomy and space exploration: radio telescopes, deep-space probes, space monitoring.

Wireless power transmission: space-to-space, space-to-ground, ground-to-space, ground-to ground power transmission.

Microwave Systems


Microwave Transmission:

Microwave Systems


Fundamental Definitions Noise Figure (NF)

Minimum Detectable Signal (MDS)

Dynamic Range (DR)

Spurious-free Dynamic Range (SFDR)

P1dBc

Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)

Third-order Intermodulation (TOI)

Noise Figure (NF):

Equivalently Noise Temperature:

When components are cascaded in a receiver:

Microwave Systems

K=Boltzmann’s constant, =1.381×10−23J/K B=bandwidth, Hz T=Ambient temperature (290 K is the IEEE

standard for room temperature)


Microwave Systems

Minimum Detectable Signal (MDS)

Dynamic Range (DR)

P1dBc


f1 f2

2f1-f22f2-f1

f1 f2

Microwave Systems

Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)

Third-order Intermodulation (TOI or IP3)

Spurious-free Dynamic Range (SFDR)

SFDR refers to the outputpower range where no third-order products are observed.


Basic RF Transmitters and Receivers


Cascading of circuit components produces an increase in noise figure as:

And reduction of TOI (IP3) as:

Example:

Basic RF Transmitters and Receivers


CAD For Analysis

Three Forms to simulate:

1. Transient Time-domain Form

2. Harmonic Balance Form

3. Envelope Form (Including Modulation)

Each of these packages costs roughly $30,000 to $90,000, available from:

Ansoft: EESof , HFSS

Agilent: ADS

Applied Wave Research (AWR): MWOffice

Computer Simulation Technology (CST): CST-Microwave Studio

LN1T1: Due 93.11.20

Go to the website of microwave corporations such as Agilent, Hittite, Mini-circuits … .

Select five amplifiers including small signal and power amplifier.

Present introduced parameters.

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Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques,G. D. Vendelin,Microwave Systems Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques