Midterm Exam

File Name: LASTNAME_Midterm.pdf

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In each of your answers, use screen captures or explain any intermediate steps or tools you used. Always show your work.

Question 1. Concept Questions (Short Answers) (15):

1) What is a map projection? Why would you choose to reproject a data layer? (5) The map project can store the coordinated system where the layer should be placed and transform the real 3-D world into a flat, 2-D map. I need to re-project data layer since not every layer is made in the same project, I need to re-project them in order to get them aligned.

2) What are three important things to keep in mind when selecting colors for a map? (5) any of these (or variations on them) would be good: Don't use bright colors next to each other or next to white Use bright colors sparingly as highlights Use other coding for "redundancy" -- e.g., labels and different symbols Use colors that are appropriate for the color blind Use colors that represent reality (e.g., blue for water)

3) What is a “resistance” layer? Would it more likely be a raster or a vector layer? And, what might you use said resistance layer for? (5)

A resistance layer is used in modeling connectivity for animals (or plants). It indicated how difficult it would be to traverse the landscape. Areas with higher resistance values are harder to pass through than areas with lower resistance values. These layers are usually raster layers.

Question 2. Geodatabase & Data Management (35)

1) Create a file geodatabase, named with your last name, LASTNAME.gdb, and show a snapshot of the process (5) Answer: Process- Step 1. Click on the ArcCatalog, then right click from M drive. Step 2. Choose “file geodatabase”, and name as my LASTNAME

Results-

2) Import the following data into your geodatabase and show a snapshot of the process and results: (30) a. “dem” raster layers (location: L:\packgis\forest)

For the raster layer, I need to find out the right layer. Choose the Export > Raster to different formats… Place the output into my geodatabase: M:\LASTNAME.gdb\dem

b. “Stream”, “Stand”, and “Trail” layer from packgis geodatabase (location: L:\packgis\pcgis.mdb\forest) Answer: I can either export each layer from the packgis geodatabase, or here, I plan to import all the layers from my geodatabase. To achieve this, I right click on my geodatabase, choose import -> Feature Classes (Multiple) Choose three layers from packgis geodatabase, then click ok to import them.

c. “Boundary” (polygon) and “Soil” (polygon) coverage files from forest folders (location: L:\packgis\forest) Since the coverage file has a little bit tricky, my plan is to import the right one into my ArcMap, and export them to my geodatabase.

After import two coverage file layers, I can have all the layers to the next step. Here is the

snapshot for my geodatabase.

Question 3. Symbology Application (25)

1) Display the soils polygon layer with graduated colors based on Windthrow.CD from yellow to

orange to red (least to greatest) with 6 classes. (10)

2) Make a table that displays the total area of every soil type (Soil_Name field) (10)

Open the soil table, then right click from the Soil_Name, and choose the summarize In the summarize window, choose the “Shape_Area” to summarize.

3) Display only the Baldhill soil type (Soil_Name field) (5)

Question 4 Table Manipulation and Vector Analysis (65) Pack Forest is considering a stand survey or a harvest planning activity. Your job is to lay out some clear information for the director to use in determining if such a survey or plan is necessary. To achieve this, the manager asks you to provide the following results within the Pack Forest Boundary. (Use the data you imported from the CD to your database)

1) Provide a summarize table with average age (AGE_2004) and total area (in acres) of each tree species from a stand layer. Be sure to remove the “NON-FORESTED” species before you summarize the table (10).

2) Assume the field AGE_2004 contains the stand age as recorded in 2004. Add a field from #1 summary table and calculate the age for 2012. (10)

3) How many stands (number of polygons) are younger than 40 years old in 2012 (32 years for AGE_2004) and intersect some area that is within 500 ft of a stream? (20)

First, I would like to use the select by attribute to get my stand features are younger than 32 years old.

Here I would like to use select by locations

After I finish my selection, I went back to attribute table, it shows there are 108 stand

polygons that intersect within 500ft of a stream

4) Using the stands identified in #3 above, make a map of the stands minus those areas that are within 500 ft of a stream. (10) In order to know what the precise area is of those stand polygon out of 500ft stream, I need to buffer the 500ft of a stream, then remove them from the selected stands. From the Buffer window, the setting is in the snapshot, same as the Remove window.

5) What is the total area of land that is > 500 ft from a stream and is within a stand that is younger than 40 years old 2012 (32 for AGE_2004)? (15) After I got the stand erased by the 500ft of a stream, the rest area I had is >500ft from a stream and is within a stand that is younger than 40 years old. I will check the “Shape_Area”, and then check the statistics. I had 38170200.917719 square feet or 876.267 acres.

Question 5 Raster Analysis (60) To understand trail stability and maintenance in the Pack Forest, it is import to have an understanding of slopes. All of your analyses for the following questions should be within the Pack Forest boundary.

Use the data you imported from the CD to your database.

1) Show how to set up the environment for starting the spatial analysis (10)(cell size/extent: based on dem layer)

2) Generate a raster that indicates distance from the nearest trail using the trail layer (10) I use the Euclidean Distance and generate the layer, without changing anything, I got the distance layer based on the trail.

3) Use the raster calculator to eliminate all distances > 400 ft (10) [Hint: Set Null] Since I do not really know how to set null first, so I went to raster calculator, and type in less than 400ft, I will get the layer with 0/1 value

So I type in Set Null tool, and I want my value 0 set to null (nothing), and I got the layer

below.

4) Generate the Slope Layer (Use the degree setting) and reclassify the slope layer by the following categories: (15) a. Degree <10 value=1

b. Degree 10-30 value=2 c. Degree >30 value=3 I need to use the dem layer to generate the slope first.

Do not why my slope layer did not be clipped by the boundary, so I went back to set my

mask as boundary again

In order to ease the pain of reclassifying, I went to the symbology, change the categories

to 3.

After that, I went to reclassify window, change the range of it

5) What is the area (in acres) within 400ft of the buffered trail layer with a slope < 30 (show the counts and acres, also the resulting layers) (15)

I already got 400ft buffered layer already. Now I am using this to as the mask layer

(SetNull_raster1 from #3), and make my slope < 30.

Then I use the raster calculator to get the slope is less than 30

It has 572991 counts, which is 57299100 square ft, 1315.406 acres.