InlednCow milk
Farm cooling equipment
Cleaning and sanitising
Sheep (ewe) milk
Milking
Chapt2.pdf
Basic chemical concepts
Melting point of fat
Membrane proteins
Denatured proteins
Enzymes in milk
Other constituents of milk
Changes during storage
Oxidation of fat
Oxidation of protein
Classification: Protista
Nutrients
Temperature
Bacteria in milk
Nutrients
Moisture
Acidity
Temperature
Oxygen
Moisture
Penicillium
Keeping the milk cool
Delivery to the dairy
6.1 Heat exchangers
Time/temperature combination
Thermisation
Heating
Cooling
Product flow rate
Temperature program
Temperature change
Countercurrent flow
Concurrent flow
Material of the partition
Presence of fouling matter
Plate heat exchangers
Centrifugal separators
Batch separation by gravity
Continuous separation by gravity
Baffles increase the capacity
Continuous separation of a solid phase and two liquid phases
Separation by centrifugal force
Continuous centrifugal separation of solid particles – Clarification
Separation channels
Clarification
Separation
Semi-open design
Paring disc
Hermetic design
Paring disc separator
Cream flow meter
The discharge system
Production and CIP
Principle calculation methods for mixing of products
Principle of standardisation
Direct in-line standardisation
Flow transmitter
Control circuit for remixing of cream
The complete direct standardisation line
Some options for fat standardisation
The Bactofuge®
Decanter centrifuges
Solids discharge
Process requirements
Flow characteristics
Homogenisation theories
Full stream homogenisation
Chapt6-4.pdf
Pressure conditions
Chapt6-5.pdf
Further air admixture
Chapt6-7.pdf
Shaft seals
The pipe system
What are the control tasks?
Digital control
Analog control
Role of the operator
The programmable control system
Extending a control system
Decentralised process control
Process design considerations
Some legal requirements
The complete pasteuriser
Standardisation
Pasteurisation
Homogenisation
“ESL” milk
Raw material quality
Shelf life
Nutritional aspects
In-container sterilisation
Batch processing
Continuous processing
CIP
Direct UHT plant based on steam injection and plate heat exchanger
Direct UHT plant based on steam injection and tubular heat exchanger
Direct UHT plant based on steam infusion
Indirect UHT plant based on plate heat exchanger
Split heating
Indirect UHT plant based on scraped surface heat exchanger
Aseptic tank
Aseptic packaging
Stages of propagation
Cooling to inoculation temperature
Bulk starter tanks
A legend
Yoghurt
Choice of milk
Stirred yoghurt