Millennium Development Goals Millennium Development Goals (MDG) - (Water Related)(MDG) - (Water Related)

South African Perspective & South African Perspective & AchievementsAchievements

Fred van Zyl11 October 2006

Core MDG Water Related GoalsTarget date: 2015

• Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger– Target 2: Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger– Implied water involvement – however no water indicator

• Goal 4: Reduce child mortality – Target 5: Reduce under 5 mortality by 2/3– Implied water involvement (water & health) – however no water indicator

• Goal 6: Combat HIV/Aids, Malaria & other diseases– Target 7 & 8: Halted and begun to reverse incidents and spread of HIV/Aids,

Malaria & other major diseases– Implied water involvement – however no water indicator

• *** Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability ****** Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability ***– Target 9: Integrate principles of sustainable development

• Maintain biological diversity (Indicator 26)– Target 10: Halve proportion of people without sustainable access to safe Target 10: Halve proportion of people without sustainable access to safe

drinking water (Urban & Rural) - (Indicator 30)drinking water (Urban & Rural) - (Indicator 30)– Target 10: Halve proportion of people without access to basic & Target 10: Halve proportion of people without access to basic &

acceptable sanitation services (Urban & Rural) - (Indicator 31)acceptable sanitation services (Urban & Rural) - (Indicator 31)

Only Target 10 directly implied.Only Target 10 directly implied.

South African Response• Water supply goal:

– Eradicate backlog by 2008 (vs. MDG: halve backlog by 2015)– Developed specific criteria:

• 25 liters per capita per day (6kl per household per month)• Within 200 meters• Potable water• Secure resource• Secure flow (min 10 liters per minute)

• Basic sanitation goal:– Eradicate backlog by 2010 (vs. MDG: halve backlog by 2015)– Developed specific criteria:

• Clean, safe, healthy, environmentally acceptable and appropriate• Initially dry sanitation – now wet/dry mix with associated implications

• No consistent international criteria– E.g. Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya – distance within 2 to 5 km & no

specific quality criteria– MDG concern regarding sustainable service delivery.

Basic Water Supply ProgressMDG Achieved in 2005 (RDP Standards)

19941994 20012001 20062006

Access toAccess to 59%59% 71%71% 83%83%

BacklogBacklog 41%41% 29%29% 17%17%

59% Improvement59% ImprovementBacklog already halved in 2005Backlog already halved in 2005

*NB: Figures based on Infrastructure delivery

Basic Sanitation Progress(RDP Standards)

19941994 20012001 20062006

Access to Access to (RSA)(RSA)(Sub-Sah Afri)(Sub-Sah Afri)

48%48%32%(1990)32%(1990)

57%57% 69%69%37%(2004)37%(2004)

BacklogBacklog 52%52% 43%43% 31%31%

40% Improvement40% ImprovementMDG: 50% by 2015MDG: 50% by 2015

RSA Malaria PerspectiveYearYear Number of Number of

infections reportedinfections reported Number of fatalitiesNumber of fatalities

20002000 62898 to 6462262898 to 64622 428 to 459428 to 45920012001 26209 to 2650626209 to 26506 87 to 11987 to 11920022002 15614 to 1558215614 to 15582 969620032003 13057 to 1344613057 to 13446 116 to 141116 to 141

ImprovementImprovement Positive impactPositive impact Positive impactPositive impact

20042004 13232 to 1339913232 to 13399 85 to 8985 to 892005 Jan to Jul2005 Jan to Jul (5351)(5351) (41)(41)

*Variance due to different sources

Key Challenges - 1• Reality check regarding achievement of South African goals

– Insufficient funding (Requires 400% increase per annum)– Implementation capacity concern (Requires 500% improvement)– Implementation process challenges e.g. Procurement, decision

making, insufficient planning– Sustainability – Project comebacks and failures– Present implementation trend

• Required target for water supply – 3.6 million people per annum present trend 1 million

• Required target for sanitation – 0.9 million households per annum present target 0.2 million hh/a present delivery 0.1 m hh/a

• Waterborne sanitation has serious implications: high cost moving from R3000/hh to R18000/hh with associated increased water requirements & environmental impacts

– Moving target – migration, urbanisation, population growth.

Key Challenges - 2• Positive issues:

– Dedicated and committed program and funding– Drive and focus– Maintain goals (positive driver)– Develop creative and flexible solutions e.g. Interim

rudimentary goals, ring fencing of goals• Critical issue: Focus on sustainability• Achievement of MDG:

– Water supply on track– Sanitation requires dedicated & disciplined management

including clear definition of expectations.

Future Perspective

Water Water backlog backlog

(1.1 mp/a)(1.1 mp/a)

Sanitation Sanitation backlogbacklog

20062006

3.8 million hh 3.8 million hh over 5 years = over 5 years =

0.8 mhh/a0.8 mhh/a400%400%

20072007

3.6 million hh 3.6 million hh over 4 years = over 4 years =

0.9 mhh/a0.9 mhh/a450%450%

20082008

3.4 million hh 3.4 million hh over 3 years = over 3 years =

1.1 mhh/a1.1 mhh/a500%500%

8.2 million 8.2 million people over 3 people over 3

years = 2.7 years = 2.7 mp/amp/a270%270%

7.1 million over 7.1 million over 2 years = 3.6 2 years = 3.6

mp/amp/a360%360%

6.1 million over 6.1 million over 1 year = 6.1 1 year = 6.1

mp/amp/a550%550%

Basic Water Supply Delivery TrendR1.8 billion /a

8.3 mil8.3 milR12 bil +R12 bil +

20052005 20082008 20152015

??Present delivery <1m p/aPresent delivery <1m p/a

2013/142013/1410 mil10 mil

R15 bil +R15 bil + ??

Potential delivery (1.1m p/a)

Required trend(3.6 to 6m p/a)

Basic Sanitation Reality PerspectiveR1.2 billion/a

20052005 20082008 20152015

3.8 mil hh3.8 mil hhR12.5 bil (R25 b)R12.5 bil (R25 b) 20162016

20302030

Dry Dry (0.35 m hh/a)

(0.35 m hh/a)

Wet (0.2 m hh/a)

Wet (0.2 m hh/a)

Required trend(0.9 m hh/a) Potential delivery

?? Present delivery (0.1 m hh/a)Present delivery (0.1 m hh/a)