MINISITERI Y’UBUREZIMINISITERI Y’UBUREZI IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU ... · bw’impine) amategeko y’igenamajwi ari mu izina ryasesenguwe Uturemajambo tw’izina mbonera Amategeko y’igenamajwi

REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

MINISITERI Y’UBUREZIMINISITERI Y’UBUREZIMINISITERI Y’UBUREZIMINISITERI Y’UBUREZI

IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHOIKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHOIKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHOIKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO

INTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA MU CYICIRO RUSANGEINTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA MU CYICIRO RUSANGEINTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA MU CYICIRO RUSANGEINTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA MU CYICIRO RUSANGE

Kigali, Mata 2007

2

INTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA MU CYICIRO RUSANGE

1. Iriburiro1. Iriburiro1. Iriburiro1. Iriburiro

Ikinyarwanda gifite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda. Ni rwo rurimi ruha Abanyarwanda ubushobozi bwo kuranga

isi, kugaragaza imbamutima, gushyikirana baganira, bungurana ibitekerezo, bagezanyaho ubutumwa…

Ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda rufite uruhare rukomeye mu guhamya Umunyarwanda udafite isoni n’ubwoba by’umuco we kandi

utisuzugura. Umuco w’u Rwanda ukeneye abawurinda n’abawubungabunga ngo hato imico y’amahanga itawumira. Iyo nshingano

rero ni iy’Abanyarwanda ubwabo. Inzira ya mbere iriho ni ukwigisha ikinyarwanda. Kwigisha ikinyarwanda bihamye rero ni ugushimangira ubunyarwanda. Ni ugushyikiriza umwana w’u Rwanda ibyo abakurambere

bahanze bakabisigira Umunyarwanda wese ho umurage. Bityo kwiga ikinyarwanda bikaba guhura n’ibyo kibumbatiye: uko giteye,

ubugeni gihetse, umuco n’imyumvire y’Abanyarwanda. Ibi bisobanura ko kwigisha ikinyarwanda ari ugufasha umwana w’u Rwanda kugicengera ari mu miterere yacyo no bwiza bwacyo: uko cyemerera ukivuga gutaka imvugo ye.

Kwigisha ikinyarwanda rero bikwiye kuba umwanya wo guha Umunyarwanda ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kumirwa n’amahanga, ibyiza agisangamo akabyamamaza, ibyo anenga akabikosora, akagikungahaza ngo gihangane n’iterambere isi ihorana.

2. Ibigamijwe mu kwigisha ikinyarwanda2. Ibigamijwe mu kwigisha ikinyarwanda2. Ibigamijwe mu kwigisha ikinyarwanda2. Ibigamijwe mu kwigisha ikinyarwanda Mu kwigisha ururimi kavukire hari ibintu bine by’ingenzi biba bigamijwe ari byo:

1. Ubuhanga :

• Ururimi kavukire ni rwo fatizo ryo kumva no gusobanura isi. • Ururimi kavukire ni intangiriro yo kumenya izindi ndimi. • Ururimi kavukire ruduha uburyo n’ububasha bwo gutekereza. Umwana yiga gutekereza cya gihe aba yiga kuvuga. Uko amenya amagambo mashya ni ko ubwenge bwe buba buhirika inkuta z’ubujiji.

• Ururimi kavukire ni rwo dutekerezamo iyo tuvuga : kumenya ururimi rwawe ni ko kumenya imitekerereze y’abo murusangiye. Imyitozo irukorwamo y’inozamvugo ituma abanyeshuri bagira imitekerereze itunganye.

3

• Kwiga ururimi rwawe bigaragaza ukwiyubaha, ugushyira mu gaciro n’ubuhame bw’ibitekerezo. Umuntu wize ururimi rwe agira ubushobozi bwo kururinda mu ruhando rw’izindi ndimi. Atahura ko imiterere yihariye yarwo ari yo ituma ruba ururimi

rutandukanye n’izindi kandi rufite ingingo zose n’ububasha bwose nk’iby’izindi ndimi.

2. Ubusabane :

Ururimi kavukire rugomba kubera umwana inzira yo gushyikirana n’abandi. Agomba rero kugira ubushobozi bwo kugeza ku bandi vuba kandi neza ibyifuzo bye, imbamutima ze n’ibyo yungutse. Mu rurimi rwe kavukire, umwana agomba kwiga kuganira, kumva

abandi ndetse rimwe na rimwe akagerageza kwemera igitekerezo runaka kuko ari cyo yumva gitunganye. Uwo mwanya wo

kwiyumva mu bandi ushimangira intego yo guhamya ubunyarwanda.

3. Ubukesha

Mu kumwigisha ururimi rwe kavukire, icyifuzwa ni uguha umwana uburyo bunyuranye bwo kwitegereza, kugereranya,

gusesengura, gucishiriza no guhitamo mu byitegererezo binyuranye dusanga mu myandiko inyuranye. Imyandiko ahura na yo,

yaba ifite imizi mu buvanganzo nyarwanda yaba imyandiko isanzwe, igira uko imufasha guhindura inyifato ye. Imyandiko rero igomba kwerekeza umunyeshuri aheza.

4. Ubuhanzi

Kwigisha ururimi kavukire biba bigamije gukangurira abanyeshuri ubugeni n’ubuvanganzo igihe cyose biga imyandiko ngo na bo

babe bahera ku ngeri bize maze bahange.

Mu kwigisha ururimi kavukire, umwarimu agena uburyo butunganye bwo kubahugurira kwisobanura badategwa igihe bavuga

cyangwa bandika bikurikije ubuhanga buriho bwo kwandika imyandiko inyuranye ; kumva no kwiyumvikanisha, gusesekaza

imbamutima zabo ; mbese kuvuga, gusoma no kwandika.

Bityo kwigisha ururimi kavukire bigomba kongerera uwiga ubushobozi bwo kurukoresha birambuye mu gushyikirana n’abandi. Ni

ngombwa rero kumwongerera amagambo n’ubumenyi byo kumufasha gushyikirana n’abandi tutirengagije kumufasha gusobanukirwa imiterere n’imikorere y’ururimi rwe.

Iyi nteganyanyigisho y’ikinyarwanda yateguwe dushingiye kuri ibi byose bimaze kuvugwa. Twanashingiye kandi ku ivugurura

ryakozwe ku nteganyanyigisho y’ikinyarwanda igenewe amashuri abanza ngo habeho ukunguruza kw’inyigisho.

4

3. Imiterere y’iyi nteganyanyigisho3. Imiterere y’iyi nteganyanyigisho3. Imiterere y’iyi nteganyanyigisho3. Imiterere y’iyi nteganyanyigisho

Iyi nteganyanyigisho yihatiye gukemura ibibazo iyari isanzwe yateraga birimo nko kuba:

• itagaragazaga ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri igihe yiga icyigwa runaka mu gihe twemera ihame rivuga ko imyigishirize inoze igomba gushingira ku wiga bityo ikamuha urubuga rukwiye mu kongera ubumenyi bwe;

• itoroherezaga umwarimu kuko ititaga ku masaha inyigisho y’ikinyarwanda yagenewe (amasaha abiri mu cyumweru) mbere yo kugena ibyo azigisha. Abarimu bakaba barakomeje kutugaragariza impungenge ko kugena ibyigwa utitaye ku gihe bizigishirizwamo ari ukubakorera umuzigo ugoye itwara;

Ku bijyanye n’ibiyikubiyemo hari ibyahindutse. Nyuma yo gusuzuma integanyanyigisho nshya y’ikinyarwanda cy’amashuri abanza, twasanze hari ibyakuwe mu mashuri abanza kuko abarimu b’amashuri abanza batugaragarije ko byagoraga abanyeshuri bo muri icyo cyiciro cy’amashuri bityo byimurirwa mu mashuri yisumbuye (amategeko y’igenamajwi). Hari ibyigwa byatangiraga kwigwa mu mashuri yisumbuye ubu byinjijwe mu mashuri abanza: amasaku n’ihangamyandiko (amabaruwa, amatangazo, raporo...). Hari insanganyamatsiko zijyanye n’ubumenyi ngengabuzima zitabaga mu nyigisho y’ikinyarwanda cy’amashuri yisumbuye kandi ubu zarinjijwe mu mashuri abanza zigomba kugarukwaho kugirango habeho ukunguruzanya kw’inyigisho: uburenganzira bwa muntu, uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye, ikoranabuhanga, ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, kubungabunga ibidukikije, gukunda igihugu, umuco w’amahoro, kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge, kwirinda sida n’izindi ndwara...Izi nsanganyamatsiko zigomba kugaragara mu nyigisho zinyuranye harebwe ibihe u Rwanda rwanyuzemo n’ibyo rugezemo Mu rwego rwo gukuraho impungenge twagaragarijwe n’abarimu ko integanyanyigisho iba irimo ibintu byinshi bityo umwaka ukarangira ibyagenwe byose bitarangiye, iyi nteganyanyigisho igena ibyigwa mu gihe. Umwaka w’amashuri ugizwe n’ibihembwe bitatu. Igihembwe kimwe kigira hagati y’ibyumweru cumi na kimwe n’ibyumweru cumi na bitatu. Hakuwemo ibyumweru by’amasuzuma, twasanze muri rusange igihembwe kibamo ibyumweru umunani byo kwigisha. Ibyigwa byateganyijwe muri iyi nteganyanyigisho byafatiye kuri ibyo byumweru umunani. Ibisigaye bizaba umwanya wo kunononsora ibyigwa bitumvikanye neza no gukoresha amasuzuma arimo n’ibizami.

4. Ishusho y’umunyeshuri urangije icyiciro rusange4. Ishusho y’umunyeshuri urangije icyiciro rusange4. Ishusho y’umunyeshuri urangije icyiciro rusange4. Ishusho y’umunyeshuri urangije icyiciro rusange

Mu bijyanye n’inyigisho y’ikinyarwanda, umunyeshuri urangije icyiciro rusange agomba kiba afite ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha by’ifatizo bituma:

• atekereza mu buryo bw’ubuhanga no mu buryo bw’inyurabwenge; • atekereza nta kubogama kandi ntabe “nyamujyiyobijya”; • asobanukirwa imiterere y’ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda • akoresha mu buryo buboneye ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda;

5

• agira inyota yo gushaka ubumenyi mu byanditswe; • ahanga mu kinyarwanda; • agira ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije; • agaragaza imyifatire ituma ubuzima bwe busugira yirinda ibiyobyabwenge, sida n’izindi ndwara z’ibyorezo; • arangwa n’ubushake bwo kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi; • yimakaza umuco w’amahoro, ubworoherane n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu; • agira imyifatire irangwa no gukunda igihugu; • asobanukirwa n’ibyiza by’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye; • arangwa no gukunda umuco nyarwanda no kuwuha agaciro.

5. Imbonezanyigisho rusange5. Imbonezanyigisho rusange5. Imbonezanyigisho rusange5. Imbonezanyigisho rusange

Inyigisho y’ikinyarwanda iba ikubiyemo ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi bikurikira: Ubuvanganzo, iyigandimi n’ubumenyi ngengamibereho. Mu buvanganzo uwiga ahura n’ingeri zinyuranye zigize ubuvanganzo nyarwanda. Mu iyigandimi umunyeshuri asobanukirwa imitere y’ururimi rwe. Ku bijyanye n’ubumenyi ngengamibereho, uwiga yunguka ubwo bumenyi asoma imyandiko inyuranye yaba iy’ubuvanganzo, yaba n’imyandiko isanzwe nk’inkuru, amabwiriza, amatangazo n’indi. Ibiri muri iyi nteganyigisho rero bikubiye muri izo ngingo eshatu:

1. Ingeri z’ubuvanganzo Mu cyiciro rusange, hazigwamo imyandiko ifite imizi mu buvangazo nyarwanda n’imyandiko isanzwe. Mwarimu azafasha abanyeshuri gutahura ibiranga buri ngeri ku buryo abanyeshuri banaheraho bagahanga imyandiko migufi yo mu ngeri bize. Bahereye ku bivugwa mu myandiko, Mwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kuwusesengura ari na ko bunguka ubumenyi bunyuranye: imvugo iboneye, ibiranga umuco nyarwanda, imibereho y’abanyarwanda ubu no mu gihe cyahise....

2. Ikibonezamvugo Mu isomo ry’ikibonezamvugo, mwarimu akwiye gushishikariza abanyeshuri kumva akamaro ko kwiga ikibonezamvugo kuko ari wo mwanya wo gusobanukirwa imiterere y’ururimi rwabo kandi ko kuruha agaciro bihera ku kuba rwarizwe bityo imiterere yarwo ikaba izwi. Ikinyarwanda rero ni rumwe mu ndimi nke zo muri Afurika zakozweho ubushakashatsi mu rwego rwo kurusesengura hagamijwe kugaragaza imiterere yarwo. Ibyigishwa rero mu kibonezamvugo ni ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku kinyarwanda bityo kutabigira ibyabo bikaba byafatwa nko kutiha agaciro.

6

3. Ubundi buhanga

Muri iki gice, umunyeshuri azigishwa ubumenyi bunyuranye burimo ubujyanye no guhanga yandika akurikiza amategeko y’imiterere y’umwandiko runaka. Ubu bumenyi ni gikwira kuko bwigwa hose hagamijwe guhanga imyandiko iberanye n’ubumenyi rusange. Abanyeshuri bazigishwa ubuhanga bwo guhina imyandiko, kurambura ingingo bubahiriza imbata, gutahura ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka zikubiye mu mwandiko, kwandika ikinyarwanda uko amabwiriza y’imyandikire abiteganya, kwandika amabaruwa, gukora umwirondoro n’ibindi.

6. 6. 6. 6. Uburyo bw’iUburyo bw’iUburyo bw’iUburyo bw’isuzumasuzumasuzumasuzuma

Kuri buri gace k’isomo umwarimu asuzuma ubushobozi bw’umunyeshuri kugira ngo abone gukomeza isomo. Igihe umwarimu asuzuma ahera ku ntego zihariye zagenewe buri gace k’isomo. Amasuzuma agamije gutanga amanota azajya akorerwa ku gace k’isomo runaka bitewe n’uko umwarimu ashaka kugashimangira. Ikizamini cyo kigomba kuba kireba buri gace kugira ngo intego zose zisuzumwe.

7. Abateguye iyi nteganyanyigisho7. Abateguye iyi nteganyanyigisho7. Abateguye iyi nteganyanyigisho7. Abateguye iyi nteganyanyigisho

Iyinteganyanyigisho yateguwe n’abarimu bakurikira: 1. BAZIRUSHAKA, Isaie, Groupe Scolaire Saint André 2. GATOYI RUTIKANGA Vital, Lycée Notre Dame de Cîteaux, Kigali 3. MURENZI Jean de Dieu, Collège APPEC, Remera-Rukoma 4. MUSABYIMANA Gaudence, Ecole secondaire de Kacyiru 5. MUTUNGIREHE Damien, Lycée de Kicukiro 6. NIYONSABA Monique, ESEGI, Gikonko Bayobowe na NIYIBAHO Sylvestre, umuteganyanyigisho w’ikinyarwanda, CNDP, Kigali

7

IBIKUBIYE MU NTEGANYANYIGISHO

1. 1. 1. 1. Umwaka wa mbereUmwaka wa mbereUmwaka wa mbereUmwaka wa mbere

Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya mbere • Gusoma aranguruye ijwi

yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa • Kuvuga ibikubiye mu

mwandiko

Umugani muremure

• Gusomesha bucece • Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku

mwandiko • Gusoma umugani wose • Gusomesha umugani igika ku

kindi asobanura amagambo mashya

• Kubaza abanyeshuri ku mugani wasomwe

• Gusoma umugani bucece • Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu

mugani yasomwe akurikiza inyurabwenge

• Gusoma igika cy’umugani atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa

• Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mugani

• Guca umugani Icya kabiri • Gutandukanya izina bwite

n’izina rusange • Kuvuga inteko z’amazina

yahawe

Izina : Izina bwite n’izina rusange

• Gusomesha umwandiko wigishijwe ubushize

• Guca akarongo ku mazina bwite no ku mazina rusange mu gika yatoranyije

• Gusobanura izina bwite n’izina rusange

• Kuvuga inteko ayo mazina arimo

• Gukoresha imyitozo ku nteko z’amazina

• Gusoma umwandiko • Gutanga amazina bwite

n’amazina rusange ari mu mwandiko

• Gutandukanya izina bwite n’izina rusange

• Kuvuga inteko z’amazina ahawe

• Kwandika amazina bwite yubahiriza imyandikire yemewe y’ikinyarwanda

Imyandikire y’amazina bwite (y’abantu, uturere n’ibihugu)

• Gusobanura imyandikire yemewe ku mazina bwite y’abantu,y’uturere n’ay’ibihugu

• Gukoresha icyandikwa

• Kwandika neza interuro zirimo amazina bwite

8

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya gatatu • Gusesengura uturemajambo

tw’izina • Kugaragaza (mu buryo

bw’impine) amategeko y’igenamajwi ari mu izina ryasesenguwe

Uturemajambo tw’izina mbonera Amategeko y’igenamajwi akora mu izina (ajyanye n’inyajwi gusa)

• Kwandika ku kibaho interuro zikuwe mu mwandiko wizwe zirimo amazina mbonera

• Guca akarongo ku mazina mbonera

• Gusesengura amazina agaragaza uturemajambo twayo

• Kwerekana amategeko y’igenamajwi yubahirijwe

• Gutanga imyitozo

• Gusoma interuro • Guca akarongo ku mazina

mbonera • Gusesengura no kugaragaza

amategeko y’igenamajwi arimo • Gukora imyitozo

Icya kane -Kwirinda sida n’izindi ndwara zifatira mu myanya ndangagitsina

Umwandiko kuri Sida n’izindi ndwara zifatira mu myanya ndangagitsina

• Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko cyangwa kwitegereza no kuganira ku mashusho yerekeye kuri sida


mwandiko • Gusoma umwadiko wose • Gusomesha igika ku kindi • Kugaragaza ingaruka za sida ku

muryango • Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga

uko bakiriye inyigisho iri mu mwandiko

• Kwitegereza amashusho akayavugaho

• Gusoma bucece • Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko • -Gusoma igika • Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko

wose • Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu

mwandiko • Kuvuga ingamba bafashe ngo

birinde Sida

9

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya gatanu • Kuvuga ubwoko bw’interuro

n’uturango twazo • Guhanga interuro asabwe

Interuro : Amoko y’interuro y’inyabumwe:ihamya, ibaza, itangara

• Kwandika ku kibaho interuro avanye mu mwandiko wizwe

• Gusomesha interuro • Gusobanura interuro icyo ari

cyo • Gusobanura aho zitandukaniye

uhereye ku twatuzo zifite

• Gusoma interuro • Kuvuga ibiranga buri nteruro • Gukoresha utwatuzo

twigishijwe mu nteruro yihimbiye

• Gukora icyandikwa

Gukoresha inyuguti nkuru n’utwatuzo

Imikoreshereze y’inyuguti nkuru n’utwatuzo: akitso, akabago n’akitso, akabago, agatangaro, akabazo.

• Gusobanura imikoreshereze y’inyuguti nkuru n’utwatuzo

• Gukoresha icyandikwa

Icya gatandatu

• Kuvuga adategwa, atarya amagambo

• Gusoma aranguruye adategwa, atarya amagambo

• Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe

• Guhanga amagorane n’uturingushyo

Amagorane n’uturingushyo


magorane n’uturingushyo • Kubasomera • Gusobanura amagambo mashya • Gusomesha baranguruye • Gufatisha mu mutwe

amagorane n’uturingushyo • Gutanga umukoro wo guhanga

uturingushyo n’amagorane

• Gusoma bucece • Gusoma aranguruye • Gutanga ingero z’amagorane

n’uturingushyo • Gufata mu mutwe uturingushyo

n’amagorane • Kuvuga amagorane

n’uturingushyo adategwa • Guhanga amagorane

n’uturingushyo

10

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya karindwi

• Gusoma aranguruye yumvikanisha injyana

• Kuvuga umuvugo yafashe mu mutwe ashize amanga

• Gutandukanya umuvugo n’indi myandiko

Umuvugo

• Gusomesha umuvugo bucece • Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku

muvugo • Gusoma umuvugo wose

by’intangarugero • Gusomesha umuvugo igika ku

kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya

• Kwerekana ibiranga umuvugo ashingiye ku miterere y’interuro

• Gufatisha mu mutwe umuvugo • Gusaba abanyeshuri guhanga

umuvugo mugufi

• Gusoma bucece • Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu

muvugo yubahiriza inyurabwenge

• Gusoma yubahiriza injyana • Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku

muvugo • Gufata mu mutwe umuvugo

no kuwuvuga • Guhanga umuvugo mugufi

(hagati y’imikarago icumi na cumi n’itanu)

Icya munani

• Kwandika agaragaza ahari ubutinde n’amasaku

• Gusoma amagambo yanditse yubahiriza amasaku n’ubutinde

Ubutinde bw’imigemo n’amasaku

• Gutegura umwandiko urimo aya magambo:

gusiba/gusiiba; urutoki/urutooki; inda/indâ; guhera /guhêra; Mugaânza/Mugaanza; Ubweênge/ubwêenge • Kwandika interuro zirimo ayo

amagambo • Gusomesha interuro • Kwandika ayo magambo

ashyiraho amasaku

• Gusoma interuro zirimo amagambo atandukaniye ku butinde n’amasaku

• Gusoma amagambo yanditse hagaragazwa ubutinde n’amasaku

• Kwandika amagambo agaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku

11

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya mbere • Kuvuga ibikubiye mu

• Gutahura indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka

Igitekerezo cya rubanda


mwandiko • Gusoma umwandiko wose • Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku

kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya

• Gusaba abanyeshuri gutahura mu mwandiko indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko

• Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga inyigisho bakuye mu mwandiko

• Gusoma umwandiko bucece • Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu

mwandiko yasomwe akurikiza inyurabwenge

• Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa

• Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mwandiko

• Gutahura indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko

• Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko

Icya kabiri • Kugaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka mu mwandiko

Ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka z’umwandiko

• Gusomesha umwandiko • Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku

kindi batahura ingingo ziri mu mwandiko

• Kugaragaza iz’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka-

• Gusoma umwandiko • Gusoma igika ku kindi

berekana ingingo irimo • Kwandika ingingo z’ingenzi

n’iz’ingereka ziri mu mwandiko

• Guhina umwandiko atarengeje igihe n’umwanya yahawe

Ihinamwandiko • Guhina umwandiko afatanyije n’abanyeshuri kandi bafatiye ku ngingo zagaragajwe

• Gutanga umwitozo wo guhina umwandiko

• Kwandika incamake y’ibikubiye mu mwandiko yahawe

12

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya gatatu • Gusesengura izina

• Kugaragaza (mu buryo bw’impine) amategeko y’igenamajwi ari mu izina ryasesenguwe

Uturemajambo tw’izina mbonera Amategeko y’igenamajwi akora mu izina (ajyanye n’ingombajwi)


• Guca akarongo ku mazina mbonera • Gusesengura amazina agaragaza

uturemajambo twayo • Kwerekana amategeko

y’igenamajwi yubahirijwe • Gutanga imyitozo



amategeko y’igenamajwi arimo

• Gukora imyitozo

Icya kane • Gusubiza ibisakuzo yahawe akoresheje inyurabwenge

• Gushakisha ibisakuzo

Ibisakuzo

• Gutanga ingero z’ibisakuzo • Kubasaba gusakuza • Kubasaba guhanga ibisakuzo

• Gusakuza • Gushakisha ibisakuzo • Guhanga ibisakuzo

• Gutanga ibisobanuro by’imigani yahawe

• Gushakisha imigani migufi • Gukoresha imigani mu mvugo

Imigani migufi

• Guca imigani migufi • Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga

ibisobanuro by’imigani yatoranyijwe

• Kubasaba gushakisha imigani migufi

• Gusobanura imikoreshereze y’imigani migufi

• Gusobanura imigani migufi • Gushakisha imigani migufi • Gukora imyitozo yo kuzuza

imigani migufi ituzuye yahawe

Icya gatanu

• Gutahura ntera ziri mu mwandiko

• Kugaragaza uturemajambo twa ntera n’amategeko y’igenamajwi

Ntera: � Uturango twa ntera � Ibicumbi bya ntera

Amategeko y’igenamajwi muri ntera

• Kwandika interuro zirimo ntera • Gusaba abanyeshuri gutahura ntera

zirimo(guca akarongo kuri ntera) • Gusaba abanyeshuri kugaragaza

uturemajambo twa ntera n’amategeko y’igenamajwi akoramo

• Gusoma umwandiko • Guca akarongo kuri ntera ziri

mu nteruro • Gusesengura ntera yahawe • Kugaragaza amategeko

y’igenamajwi yakoreshejwe asesengura.

13

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya gatandatu

• Kugaragaza ingorane n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose

• Gusobanura ibyiza by’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

Umwandiko ku buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye


mwandiko • Gusomesha umwandiko wose

baranguruye • Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku

kindi asobanura amagambo mashya • Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga

inyigisho bakuye mu mwandiko • Kubaza abanyeshuri ingaruka

z’ivangura ku muryango nyarwanda • Gusaba abanyeshuri kugaragaza

icyo bakorwa ngo uburinganire butezwe imbere

• Gusoma bucece adahwihwisa • Gusomera abandi aranguruye,

yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa • Kuvuga inyigisho yakuye mu

mwandiko • Gusubiza ibibazo ku

mwandiko • Kuvuga ingaruka z’ivangura

ku muryango nyarwanda. • Kugaragaza ingamba bafata

ngo uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bigerweho

Icya karindwi

• Kuvugira mu ruhame, ashize amanga kandi atanga ingingo zifatika

• Gutanga ibitekerezo bye bwite ku nsanganyamatsiko yahawe

Impaka ku muco w’amahoro n’ubworoherane

• Gutanga insanganyamatsiko igibwaho impaka

• Kuyisobanura • Kurema amatsinda y’abanyeshuri • Gusaba buri tsinda kwitoramo

umuvugizi • Gutanga amabwiriza agenga

impaka: gusaba ijambo, kwirinda amahane, agasuzuguro, imvugo isesereza

• Kubasaba kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko mu matsinda no gutangaza ibyagezweho

• Gusaba ijambo mbere yo kuvuga

• Kuvuga nta mahane, nta gasuzuguro

• Gukoresha imvugo idasesereza

• Gutanga ibitekerezo bye ku nsanganyamatsiko

• Gusubiza ibibazo bya bagenzi be ashimangira igitekerezo cye

14

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya karindwi

• Gusobanura inkuru ahuza amashusho n’amagambo mu buryo bw’ inyurabwenge.

• Kugaragaza inyigisho iri mu nkuru

Inkuru ishushanyije • Kwerekana amashusho no kubasaba kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo babona

• Gusomesha bucece • Gusomesha barangurura • Kubaza ibibazo bigaragaza isano

iri hagati y’amashusho n’amagambo.

• Kubaza inyigisho bakuye mu nkuru n’ingamba bafashe.

• Gusaba abanyeshuri gukina iyo nkuru

• Kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo babona ku mashusho.

• Gusoma bucece bahuza amashusho n’amagambo.

• Gusoma baranguruye. • Kuvuga isano iri hagati

y’amashusho n’amagambo • Kuvuga inyigisho bakuye mu

nkuru • Gukina bigana iyo nkuru

Icya munani

Guhanga umwandiko yubahiriza inyurabwenge, injyabihe n’imyandikire yemewe y’ikinyarwanda

Ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko zikurikira: � indwara z’ibyorezo

na Sida � uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye � umuco w’amahoro

• Gutanga insanganyamatsiko • Kuyisobanura • Gusaba uhanga gukusanya

ibitekerezo abyandika. • Gutanga umukoro wo guhanga

inkuru ishushanyije

• Gusesengura insanganyamatsiko yahawe

• Gukusanya ibitekerezo • Guhitamo iby’ingenzi

akabyandika • Guhanga inkuru ishushanyije

15

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya mbere • Kuvuga bimwe mu

bidukikije n’akamaro kabyo • Kuvuga ingaruka ziterwa

no kwangiza ibidukikije

Umwandiko ku bidukikije





• Kubaza abanyeshuri ingaruka ziterwa no kwangiza ibidukikije

• Gusoma bucece • Gusomera abandi aranguruye

kandi yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa

• Gusubiza ibibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko

• Kuganira ku ngaruka ziterwa no kwangiza ibidukikije

Icya kabiri • Gusoma amagambo yanditswe yubahiriza amasaku n’ubutinde

• Kwandika agaragaza ahari

ubutinde n’amasaku

Ubutinde n’amasaku • Guha abanyeshuri amagambo fatizo aranga amasaku y’ikinyarwanda: umugabo, umusôre, umugorê, umugeenzi, umwâana, umwaâmi, reerô, imbêehê

• Kwandikisha amagambo bashyiraho ubutinde n’amasaku bagereranya n’amagambo fatizo

• Gusoma amagambo yanditse hagaragazwa ubutinde n’amasaku

• Kwandika amagambo agaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku

Icya gatatu • Kuganira atera urwenya • Kwandika ingero

z’urwenya azi cyangwa yihimbiye

Urwenya na byendagusetsa

• Gutanga ingero z’urwenya • Gusaba abanyeshuri gushakisha

ingero z’urwenya bazi • Gusaba abanyeshuri kwihimbira

urwenya

• Gusoma urwenya na byendagusetsa

• Gutanga urwenya na byendagusetsa

• Gukora umwitozo wo guhanga urwenya na byendagusetsa

16

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya kane Kuvuga inyigisho mbonezamuco ziri mu mwandiko

Umwandikoku Gukunda umurimo





• Gushima ibyiza no kugaya ibibi • Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku

myifatire ivugwa

• Gusoma bucece adahwihwisa • Gusomera abandi aranguruye

kandi yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa

• Kugaragaza ibyiza n’ibibi ku myifatire ivugwa mu mwandiko

• Gushima ibyiza no gufata ingamba zo kubikomeraho

Icya gatanu • Gusesengura izina • Kugaragaza (mu buryo

bw’impine) amategeko y’igenamajwi ari mu izina ryasesenguwe

Uturemajambo tw’izina mbonera Amategeko y’igenamajwi akora mu izina (ajyanye n’ingombajwi)


• Guca akarongo ku mazina mbonera

• Gusesengura amazina agaragaza uturemajambo twayo

• Kwerekana amategeko y’igenamajwi yubahirijwe

• Gutanga imyitozo



amategeko y’igenamajwi arimo • Gukora imyitozo

17

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya gatandatu

Gutanga igitekerezo cye ashize amanga kandi atanga ingingo ku nsanganyamatsiko y’impaka yatanzwe

Impaka ku muco nyarwanda (kwambara, kwirimbisha, kwidagadura,...)

• Gutanga insanganyamatsiko igibwaho impaka

• Kuyisobanura • Kurema amatsinda y’abanyeshuri • Gusaba buri tsinda kwitoramo

umuvugizi • Gutanga amabwiriza agenga

impaka (gusaba ijambo, kwirinda amahane, agasuzuguro, imvugo isesereza,...

• Kubasaba kuganira ku nsanganyamatsiko yatanzwe mu buryo bw’impaka

• Gusaba buri muvugizi gutangariza abandi imyanzuro yagezweho

• Gusaba ijambo mbere yo kuvuga • Kuvuga nta mahane, nta

gasuzuguro • Gukoresha imvugo idasesereza • Gutanga ibitekerezo bye ku

nsanganyamatsiko • Gusubiza ibibazo bya bagenzi be

ashimangira igitekerezo cye

Icya karindwi

Kwandika ibaruwa yubahiriza imiterere y’ibaruwa isanzwe

Ibaruwa isanzwe • Kuganira n’abanyeshuri ku buryo bukoreshwa mu gutanga ubutumwa

• Gusomesha bucece ibaruwa • Kubaza ibibazo rusange • Gusomesha baranguruye • Kwerekana ibice by’ingenzi

bigize ibaruwa • Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika

ibaruwa • Gukosora umwitozo watanzwe

• Gusoma ibaruwa adategwa yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa

• Kuvuga muri make ubutumwa bukubiye mu ibaruwa

• Kugaragaza ibice bigize ibaruwa • Kwandika ibaruwa

18

Umwaka wa mbere Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya munani

• Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga

• Kuvuga ahuza imvugo n’ingiro kandi ashyiramo isesekaza

• Gukina bigana abanyarubuga bari mu gakinamico

Agakinamico • Gusomera abanyeshuri agakinamico

• Gusomesha abanyeshuri no gusobanura amagambo mashya

• Guha buri munyeshuri urubuga rwe (ibyo akina)

• Gusaba abanyeshuri kugafata mu mutwe

• Kubatoza gukina

• Gusoma agakinamico kateguwe • Gufata mu mutwe agakinamico • Gukina ako gakinamico

19

INTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA : ICYICIRO CYA MBE RE CY’AMASHURI YISUMBUYE

2. 2. 2. 2. Umwaka wa kabiriUmwaka wa kabiriUmwaka wa kabiriUmwaka wa kabiri

Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya mbere Kugaragaza ibiri mu mwandiko biranga umugani

Umugani muremure

- Gusomesha bucece - Gusomesha umugani igika ku

kindi asobanura amagambo mashya.

- Gusomesha umugani wose

- Gusoma bucece. - Gusoma aranguruye,

adategwa yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa.

Icya kabiri - Gusobanuza ijambo imvugakimwe(impuzanyito) n’imbusane.

- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yungutse

- Kwerekana uko inyito y’ijambo ihinduka uko ryiyunga n’andi

Inyunguramagambo

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gusobanura amagambo bakoresheje amagambo maremare, impuzanyito n’imbusane.

- Kubasaba gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo mashya

- Kwandika ibisobanuro by’amagambo akoresheje. amagambo maremare, impuzanyito n’imbusane

- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yungutse

- Kuvuga indangamuco ziri mu mugani

Indangamuco. Kubaza indangamuco ziri mu mugani.

Kuganiraku ndangamuco ziri mu mugani

Icya gatatu - Gutandukanya umugani mugufi n’umugani muremure

- Gutanga ingero z’imigani migufi - Gusobanura imigani yahawe.

Imigani migufi

- Gutanga ingero z’imigani migufi ayandika ku kibaho.

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga ingero zindi.

- Gusaba gutanga ibisobaburo by’imigani yatoranyije.

- Gusoma imigani yahawe. - Gutanga ingero z’imigani

azi. - Gutanga ibisobanuro

by’imigani yahawe.

- Kwandika yubahiriza imikoreshereze y’utwatuzo.

Utwatuzo: uturegeka, utubago tubiri, udukubo, akanyerezo, utwuguruzo n’utwugarizo,udusodeko

- Gusobanura imikoreshereze y’utwatuzo twigwa

- Gukoresha icyandikwa

- Kwandika akoresha utwatuzo twasobanuwe

20

Umwaka wa kabiri Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya kane

- Gusoma aranguruye yumvikanisha injyana

- Kubwira abandi umuvugo yafashe mu mutwe ashize amanga

- Guhanga umuvugo mugufi.

Umuvugo - Gusomera abanyeshuri umuvugo yateguye

- Gusomesha bucece. - Gusomesha baranguruye - Kubaza ibibazo ku muvugo - Gufatisha umuvugo mu mutwe. - Gusaba abanyeshuri guhanga

umuvugo mugufi.

- Gutega amatwi yumva injyana y’umuvugo

- Gusoma bucece - Gusoma baranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo ku

muvugo. - Gufata umuvugo mu

mutwe - Guhanga umuvugo mugufi.

Icya gatanu - Kugaragaza amazina akomoka ku yandi

- Gusesengura amazina akomoka ku yandi

Ikomorazina mvazina

- Gutanga interuro zirimo amazina akomoka ku yandi

- Gusesengura ayo mazina herekanwa uruhare rw’inteko mu ikomorazina.

- Gutanga imyitozo

- Kuvuga ingero z’amazina akomoka ku yandi.

- Gutahura mu nteruro ahawe amazina yakomotse ku yandi.

- Gukora imyitozo. - Kwandika yubahiriza amabwiriza

y’imyandikire yemewe y’ikinyarwanda

Imyandikire : ikata ry’amagambo:

- Ibinyazina ngenera - Ibyungo na na nka Akabimbura nyiri

- Gutanga interuro zirimo amagambo yandikwa akatwa

- Kwerekana amagambo yandikwa akatwa mu kinyarwanda

- Gutanga icyandikwa.

- Guca umurongo ku magambo akatwa ari mu nteruro yahawe.

- Kwandika interuro ahawe akata amagambo yandikwa atyo

- Gukora icyandikwa.

21


Icya gatandatu

- Gusoma adategwa kandi ashize amanga.

- Kubwira abandi igihozo yafashe mu mutwe akoresheje imbamutima.

Igihozo

- Gusomesha bucece igihozo - Gusaba umunyeshuri - Gusoma aranguruye,

adategwa kandi ashize amanga.

- Kubaza ibibazo ku gihozo - Gusaba abanyeshuri gushaka

cyangwa guhanga uduhozo

- Gusoma bucece. - Gusoma aranguruye, adategwa

kandi ashize amanga. - Gusubiza ibibazo ku gihozo - Gushaka cyangwa guhanga

agahozo - Gutanga ingero z’ibihozo.

- Gusoma amagambo hubahirizwa ubutinde n’ amasaku

- Kwandika amagambo

hagaragazwa ubutinde n’amasaku.

Ubutinde n’amasaku mu magambo maremare

- Gusomesha amagambo yanditse hagaragazwa ubutinde n’amasaku (agahararo, Kanamugirê, amasâbunê, guhaangamura ibivuumbikiisho,umukorôroombya gutôondagura, imyaândikire, umwîiroondooro, ubutâbeerâ urwûunyuunyû,...)

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gushaka amagambo maremare no kuyandika bagaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku bahereye ku magambo fatizo baboneye mu mwaka wa mbere.

- Gutanga imyitozo yo kwandika hagaragazwa ubutinde n’amasaku

- Gusoma amagambo yahawe yubahiriza ubutinde n’amasaku

- Kwandika amagambo maremare agaragaza amasaku ahereye ku magambo fatizo yaboneye mu mwaka wa mbere.

- Kwandika amagambo ahawe agaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku.

22


Icya karindwi - Gusobanura inkuru ahuza amashusho n’amagambo mu buryo bw’ inyurabwenge.

- Kugaragaza inyigisho iri mu nkuru yerekeza ku biyobyabwenge n’ingaruka zabyo ku rubyiruko

Inkuru ishushanyije ku biyobyabwenge

- Kwerekana amashusho no kubasaba kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo babona

- Gusomesha bucece. - Gusomesha barangurura - Kubaza ibibazo bigaragaza

isano iri hagati y’amashusho n’amagambo.

- Kubaza inyigisho bakuye mu nkuru n’ingamba bafashe.

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gukina iyo nkuru

- Kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo babona ku mashusho.

- Gusoma bucece bahuza

amashusho n’amagambo. - Gusoma baranguruye. - Kuvuga isano iri hagati

y’amashusho n’amagambo - Kuvuga inyigisho bakuye mu

nkuru - Kugaragaza ingamba zo

kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge - Gukina bigana iyo nkuru.

- Gutandukanya imvugo iboneye, iya giseseka na nyandagazi.

- Gukoresha buri mvugo mu

mwanya wayo

Inshoza y’imvugo iboneye, iya giseseka na nyandagazi.

- Gufatira ku nkuru ishushanyije (cyangwa indi yizwe) agatahura uturango tw’imvugo iboneye, iya giseseka na nyandagazi.

- Kugereranya izo mvugo zose. - -Gusaba abanyeshuri

gukoresha izo mvugo mu mwanya wazo bakina

- Gusubiza ibibazo rusange ku mvugo zikoreshwa.

- Gutahura uturango tw’imvugo iboneye, ya giseseka na nyandagazi

- Kuvuga itandukaniro ry’izo mvugo

- Gukina bakoresha izo mvugo.

23


Icya munani - Gusoma amagambo y’urusobe n’interuro ngufi yubahiriza amasaku n’ubutinde

- Kwandika amagambo y’urusobe n’interuro ngufi mu nyandiko igaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku

Ubutinde n’amasaku mu magambo y’urusobe no mu nteruro ngufi. (umuzirankoni , uturemajaambo, umunyarwaandakazi, ubushaakashaatsi, intêganyanyîgiisho, ikibônezamvûgo, ibiyôbyabwêenge, impûuzanyîto, ikôranabûhaânga, incâamareênga, umugîranêezâ, nka yâa myaambaro, uba hêehê, ni bwâa bwâato,...)

- Gusomesha amagambo n’interuro ngufi yatanze, yubahiriza ubutinde n’amasaku.

- Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga amagambo y’urusobe ahereye ku magambo

- Kwandikisha amagambo y’urusobe n’interuro ngufi bahereye ku magambo fatizo

- Gutanga imyitozo yo kwandika bagaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku

- Gusoma amagambo yahawe yubahiriza ubutinde n’amasaku

- Gushaka amagambo y’urusobe ahereye ku magambo fatizo yaboneye mu mwaka wa mbere.

- Kwandika amagambo ahawe agaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku.

- Kwandika bagaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku mu mwitozo bahawe

- Guhanga umukino ushekeje bandika

- Guhuza ibikorwa n’umuco w’umunyarubuga

Ihangamwandiko: Agakino gashekeje

- Gutanga inzira fatizo zo guhanga agakino gashekeje

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gushaka insanganyamatsiko

- Gusaba abanyeshuri guhanga agakino mu matsinda

- Kubasaba gukina tumwe mu dukino twahimbwe

- Guhitamo insanganyamatsiko - Guhanga udukino mu matsinda - Kwitoramo abanyarubuga no

kubagenera ibyo bakina - Gukina tumwe mu dukino

twahimbwe

24

Umwaka wa kabiri Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya mbere

- Kugaragaza indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko.

- Gutandukanya insigamigani,

umugani muremure n’igitekerezo

Insigamigani Indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka

- Gusomesha bucece - Gusomesha insigamugani igika

ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya

- Gusomesha insigamugani yose - Kubaza ibibazo ku mwandiko - Gutandukanya insigamugani,

umugani muremure n’igitekerezo.

- Kubaza indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko


yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa.

- Gusubiza ibibazo ku

mwandiko - Kuvuga indangamuco

n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko.

- Guhina umwandiko akurikiza amabwiriza yatanzwe.

Ihinamwandiko - Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga mu magambo make insigamugani basomye

- Kuvuga umwandiko mu ncamake

25


Icya kabiri - Kugaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubwoko bw’amagambo n’imimaro yayo

- Kugaragaza imimaro y’ingenzi mu nteruro y’inyabumwe

Interuro : Imimaro y’amagambo mu nteruro y’inyabumwe

- Kwandika interuro - Kugaragaza ubwoko bw’amagambo

ari mu nteruro yatanze - Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga

imimaro y’amagambo agize izo nteruro: � ruhamwa � ipfundo ry’ubutumwa (inshinga) � icyuzuzo

- Gutanga umwitozo ku mimaro y’ingenzi mu nteruro

- Kwerekana ubwoko bw’amagambo ari mu nteruro zatanzwe.

- Kuvuga imimaro y’ingenzi

iri mu nteruro yahawe - Gukora umwitozo yahawe

Icya gatatu

- Gutahura inshoberamahanga mu mwandiko asomye

- Kuzisobanura no kuzikoresha mu mvugo no mu nyandiko

Inshoberamahanga

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Gufasha abanyeshuri gutahura

inshoberamahanga mu mwandiko wizwe

- Kuzisobanura - Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga izindi

nshoberamahanga bazi. - Gusaba kuzikoresha mu mvugo no

mu nyandiko

- Gusoma umwandiko - Gutahura

inshoberamahanga mu mwandiko

- Kuvuga izindi nshoberamahanga azi

- Kuzikoresha mu mvugo no mu nyandiko

26


Icya gatatu (ibikurikira)

- Gusobanuza ijambo imvugakimwe, imbusane.

- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yungutse.

- Gutahura mu mwandiko cyangwa mu nteruro inyito mbonera n’inyito shusho y’amagambo no kubitandukanya.

Inyunguramagambo: Imvugakimwe(Impuzanyito) Imbusane Imvugwakimwe(impuzashusho) Ingwizanyito Inyito mbonera Inyito shusho

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza inyito y’amagambo

yatoranyijwe - Gutanga inshoza y’impuzanyito,

imbusane, impuzashusho, ingwizanyito, inyito mbonera, inyito shusho

- Imyitozo ku mpuzanyito, imbusane, ku mpuzashusho no ku ngwizanyito

- Imyitozo yo kugaragaza inyito mbonera n’inyito shusho (igiti cy’umuvumu/ Naka afite igiti)

- Gusoma umwandiko - Gutanga inyito y’amagambo

yatoranyijwe - Gusobanura amagambo yandika - Kugaragaza inyito mbonera

n’inyito shusho mu mwitozo yahawe

Icya kane

- Kuvuga bimwe mu bidukikije n’akamaro kabyo

- Kuvuga ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’akamaro kabyo

Umwandiko ku bidukikije .

- Gusomesha bucece - Gusomesha umwandiko igika

ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya.

- Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Kubaza ibibazo ku mwandiko - Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga

ingamba bafata kugira ngo babungabunge ibidukikije

- Gusoma bucece - Gusoma aranguruye, yubahiriza

utwatuzo n’iyitsa. - Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko - Kuvuga ingingo z’ibidukikije ziri

mu mwandiko. - Kuvuga ingamba zo kubungabunga

ibidukikije

Guhina umwandiko yubahiriza amabwiriza yahawe

Ihinamwandiko - Gushaka ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka.

- Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika incamake y’umwandiko.

- Kuvuga ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka zigize umwandiko.

- Kwandika umwandiko mu ncamake

27

Umwaka wa kabiri Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya gatanu - Gutandukanya amazina

y’umwimerere (gakondo) n’amazina y’amatirano .

- Gutanga ingero z’amazina y’amatirano n’indimi akomokamo.

Inshoza y’amazina y’amatirano.

- Gutanga interuro zibonekamo amazina y’umwimwere (gakondo) n’amazina y’amatirano.

- Gufasha abanyeshuri kugereranya amazina y’umwimerere (gakondo) n’amazina y’amatirano.

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga ingero z’amazina y’amatirano bazi.

- Gusoma interuro zibonekamo amazina y’umwimwere (gakondo) n’amazina y’amatirano.

- Gutahura amazina y’amatirano mu myitozo ahawe

- Gutanga ingero z’amazina y’amatirano n’indimi yakomotsemo

Icya gatandatu

Gutandukanya ibisantera n’ubundi bwoko bw’amagambo y’ikinyarwanda

Ibisantera

- Gutanga interuro zirimo ibisantera na ntera

- Gufasha abanyeshuri gutahura ibisantera biri mu nteruro

- Kwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati ya ntera n’ibisantera

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga izindi ngero z’ibisantera

- Gusoma interuro yahawe - Gutahura ibisantera biri mu nteruro - Gutanga izindi ngero z’ibisantera.

Icya karindwi

- Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga

- Kuvuga ahuza imvugo n’ingiro kandi ashyiramo isesekaza

- Gukina bigana abanyarubuga bari mu gakinamico kateguwe

Agakinamico - Gusomera abanyeshuri agakinamico

- Gusomesha abanyeshuri no gusobanura amagambo mashya

- Guha buri munyeshuri urubuga rwe(ibyo akina)

- Gusaba abanyeshuri kugafata mu mutwe

- Kubatoza gukina

- Gusoma agakinamico kateguwe - Gufata mu mutwe agakinamico - Gukina ako gakinamico

28

Umwaka wa kabiri Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya munani - Gutahura ikinyazina nyereka

- Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’ikinyazina nyereka

Ibinyazina: Ikinyazina nyereka

- Gutanga interuro zibonekamo ikinyazina nyereka

- Kwerekana ibinyazina nyereka binyuranye biri mu nteruro

- Gusesengura hagaragazwa ibicumbi bitandukanye by’ikinyazina nyereka

- Gusoma interuro yahawe - Gutahura ikinyazina

nyereka - Kugaragaza uturemajambo

tw’ikinyazina nyereka

29

Umwaka wa kabiri Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya mbere Kugaragaza indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko.

Igitekerezo - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku

mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika

ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya

- Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga inyigisho bakuye mu mwandiko

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gutahura mu mwandiko indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka

- Gusoma umwandiko bucece - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu


- Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa

- Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mwandiko

- Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko

- Gutahura indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko

Icya kabiri

- Gutahura ikinyazina ngenga n’utw’ikinyazina ngenera

- Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’ikinyazina ngenga n’utw’ikinyazina ngenera

Ibinyazina: � ngenga � ngenera

- Gutanga interuro zibonekamo ikinyazina ngenga/ngenera

- Kwerekana ibinyazina ngenga/ngenera binyuranye biri mu nteruro

- Gusesengura hagaragazwa ibicumbi bitandukanye by’ikinyazina ngenga/ngenera biri mu nteruro.

- Gusoma interuro yahawe - Gutahura ikinyazina

ngenga/ngenera - Kugaragaza uturemajambo

tw’ikinyazina ngenga/ngenera

30


Icya gatatu - Kuganira asetsa abo baganira - Kuvuga cyangwa kwandika

ingero z’urwenya azi - Kwandika urwenya yihimbiye

Urwenya

- Gusomesha aranguruye bagaragaza isesekaza.

- Gushishikariza abanyeshuri gutanga ingero urwenya basanzwe bazi bahimbaza abandi, batabakomeretsa.

- Gusaba abanyeshuri kwihimbira urwenya

- Gusoma aranguruye agaragaza isesekaza.

- Gushakisha urwenya no guhimbaza abandi abasetsa

- Gukora umwitozo wo guhanga urwenya

- Gutanga igitekerezo cye bwite ashize amanga

- Gutanga ingingo zifatika agaragaza ibiboneye n’ibirimo gukabya nta kubogama igihe cy’impaka.

- Gukurikiza gahunda z’impaka yorohera bagenzi be.

Impaka ku muco nyarwanda

- Gutanga insanganyamatsiko igibwaho impaka

- Kuyisobanura - Kurema amatsinda

y’abanyeshuri - Gusaba buri tsinda kwitoramo

umuvugizi - Gutanga amabwiriza agenga


- Kubasaba kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko yatanzwe

- Gusaba buri muvugizi gutangariza abandi imyanzuro yagezweho

- Kujya impaka akurikije amabwiriza.

- Gusaba ijambo mbere yo kuvuga

- Kuvuga nta mahane, nta gasuzuguro

- Gukoresha imvugo idasesereza - Gutanga ibitekerezo bye ku

nsanganyamatsiko - Gusubiza ibibazo bya bagenzi

be ashimangira igitekerezo cye

31


Icya kane - Kugaragaza ibyiza byo gushimangira umuco w’amahoro

- Kugaragaza ibice by’ingenzi by’umwandiko

- Kugaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi zikubiye muri ibyo bice

Umwandiko ku muco w’amahoro Imbata y’umwandiko

- Gusomesha bucece - Gusomesha umwandiko igika

ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya.

- Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Kubaza ibibazo ku mwandiko - Gusaba abanyeshuri

kugaragaza ibice by’ingenzi by’umwandiko

- Kwerkana imiterere y’umwandiko: imabata

- Gufasha abanyeshuri gutahura ingingo z’ingenzi hakurikijwe imbata y’umwandiko


yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa. - Gusubiza ibibazo ku

mwandiko - Gutahira ibice by’ingenzi

by’umwandiko - Kuvuga ingingo z’ingenzi

zibikubiyemo

Icya gatanu - -Kugaragaza imbata y’umwandiko ntekerezo:

- Guhanga bandika

Ihangamwandiko: Imbata y’umwandiko ntekerezo

- Gusobanura imbata y’umwandiko: intangiriro, igihimba, umusozo (iriburiro, indamburangingo, umwanzuro)

- Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika ingingo z’ingenzi zijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko yahawe.

- Gutanga inzira fatizo zo guhanga umwandiko ntekerezo

- Kugaragaza imbata y’umwandiko

- Kwandika ingingo z’ingenzi zijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko yahawe.

- Guhanga mu buryo bw’inyurabwenge yubahiriza imbata y’umwandiko

32


Icya gatanu (ibikurikira)

- Kugaragaza uturango tw’ikinyazina.ngenera ngenga

- Gusesengura ikinyazina ngenera ngenga

Ikinyazina ngenera ngenga

- Kwerekana ikinyazina ngenera ngenga mu nteruro

- Gutahura uturango tw’ikinyazina ngenera ngenga

- Gusesengura hagaragazwa ibicumbi by’ikinyazina ngenera ngenga

- Gusoma interuro yahawe - Gutahura ikinyazina ngenera

ngenga - Gusesengura uturemajambo

tw’ikinyazina ngenera ngenga

Icya gatandatu

- Kwerekana intego (intêgo) y’inshinga mu buryo bw’imbundo, integeko n’ikirango

- Gusesengura uturemajambo tw’inshinga ziri mu buryo bw’imbundo, integeko n’ikirango

Itondaguranshinga: Uburyo (imbundo, integeko, ikirango)

- Gutanga interuro zigaragaramo uburyo bw’imbundo, integeko, n’ikirango

- Gutandukanya imbundo, integeko n’ikirango ashingiye ku ntêgo

- Gusaba abanyeshuri gutondagura inshinga abahaye

- Gusoma interuro yahawe - Gutahura imbundo, integeko

n’ikirango mu nteruro yahawe. - Gutondagura inshinga isanzwe

mu buryo bw’imbundo, integeko n’ikirango.

Icya karindwi - Kugaragaza umuzi mu nshinga itondaguye mu kirango

- Kwerekana indangagihe (indagihe, inzagihe n’impitagihe) mu buryo bw’ikirango

Itondaguranshinga: Uturemajambo tw’inshinga isanzwe mu buryo bw’ikirango

- Gutanga interuro zirimo inshinga zitondaguye mu buryo bw’ikirango

- Gusobanura uko babona umuzi w’inshinga.

- Gusesengura hagaragazwa indangagihe n’umuzi

- Gusoma interuro yahawe. - Gutahura inshinga

zitondaguye mu buryo bw’ikirango.

Kugaragaza indangagihe n’umuzi mu nshinga itondaguye mu buryo bw’ikirango

33


Icya munani - Gukoresha imvugo mu mwanya wayo

Imvugo iboneye n’iy’urufefeko.

- Gufatira ku nkuru zisanzwe bakagereranya imvugo iboneye n’iy’urufefeko (iya kinyeshuri, iy’abashoferi, iy’abacuruzi,...)

- Kubaza abanyeshuri amagambo y’urufefeko bakoresha n’inkomoko yayo

- Gukora urutonde rw’amagambo abanyeshuri bakoresha kandi bahaye inyito yihariye.

- Gutanga igitekerezo cye ashize amanga

- Gutanga ingingo zifatika agaragaza ibiboneye n’ibirimo gukabya nta kubogama.

- Gukurikiza gahunda z’impaka yorohera bagenzi be

Impaka kuri Sida n’izindi ndwara z’ibyorezo

- Gutanga insanganyamatsiko igibwaho impaka

- Kuyisobanura - Gutanga amabwiriza agenga


- Gusaba abanyeshuri kuyijyaho impaka mu ruhame

- Kujya impaka akurikije amabwiriza.

- Gusaba ijambo mbere yo kuvuga

- Kuvuga nta mahane, nta gasuzuguro

- Gukoresha imvugo idasesereza - Gutanga ibitekerezo bye ku

nsanganyamatsiko - Gusubiza ibibazo bya bagenzi

be ashimangira igitekerezo cye

34

3. 3. 3. 3. Umwaka wa Umwaka wa Umwaka wa Umwaka wa gatatugatatugatatugatatu Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya mbere • Kuvuga ingorane n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose

• Kuvuga ibyiza by’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

Umwandiko ku buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye





inyigisho bakuye mu mwandiko • Kubaza abanyeshuri ingaruka

z’ivangura ku muryango nyarwanda

• Gusaba abanyeshuri kugaragaza ingamba bafata kugira ngo uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bigerweho

• Gusoma bucece adahwihwisa • Gusomera abandi aranguruye,

yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa • Kuvuga inyigisho yakuye mu

mwandiko • Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko • Kuvuga ingaruka z’ivangura ku

muryango nyarwanda. • kugaragaza ingamba bafata

kugira ngo uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bigerweho

Icya kabiri • Kwerekana amazina akomoka ku nshinga

• Gusesengura amazina akomoka ku nshinga

• Kugaragaza amategeko y’igenamajwi

Ikomorazina mvanshinga: Ingereka n’imisozo mu ikomorazina

• Gutanga interuro zirimo amazina akomoka ku nshinga

• Gusesengura ayo mazina yerekana uruhare rw’ingereka n’imisozo mu ikomorazina.

• Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga andi mazina akomoka ku nshinga

• Gukoresha imyitozo ku ikomorazina

• Gusoma interuro yahawe • Gutahura mu nteruro ahawe

amazina yakomotse ku nshinga • Kuvuga ingero z’amazina

akomoka ku nshinga • Kwerekana isesengura

n’amategeko y’igenamajwi yakoreshejwe.

• Gukora imyitozo

35

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya gatatu • Kugaragaza ibiranga umugani

• Kugaragaza inyigisho iri mu mugani

• Kugaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka zigize umwandiko

Umugani muremure

• Gusomesha bucece • Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mugani • Gusoma umugani wose • Gusomesha umugani igika ku kindi

asobanura amagambo mashya. • Gusomesha umugani wose • Kuvuga ibiranga umugani (bishingiye

ku miterere n’ikivugwamo)

• Gusoma bucece. • Gusoma aranguruye,

adategwa yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa

• Kuvuga muri make icyo yumvise mu mugani akurikije inyurabwenge

• Gusubiza ibibazo • Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu

mugani Icya kane • Gutandukanya izina

ry’urusobe n’andi mazina • Kwandika amazina

y’urusobe yubahiriza amabwiriza y’imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda

Izina ry’urusobe • Kwandika ku kibaho interuro zirimo amazina y’urusobe

• Gusobanura izina ry’urusobe • Kwerekana imiterere inyuranye

y’izina ry’urusobe • Gukoresha imyitozo

• Gusoma interuro yahawe • Gutahura amazina y’urusobe

ari mu nteruro • Gutanga izindi ngero

z’amazina y’urusobe.

Icya gatanu • Gusoma aranguruye yumvikanisha injyana

• Kubwira abandi umuvugo yafashe mu mutwe ashize amanga ashyiramo isesekaza

• Guhanga umuvugo mugufi.

Umuvugo ku gukunda igihugu

• Gusomesha bucece • Kubaza ibibazo rusange • Gusomesha umuvugo igika ku kindi

hasobanurwa amagambo mashya • Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga inyigisho

iri mu mwandiko • Gusomesha umuvugo wose • Gutoza umuvugo • Gukoresha umwitozo wo guhanga

• Gusoma bucece • Gusoma yubahiriza injyana • Gusubiza ibibazo yabajijwe • Kuvuga umuvugo yatoye • Kugaragaza inyigisho yakuye

mu mwandiko • Kuvuga icyo atekereza ku

gukunda igihugu. • Gutora umuvugo • Guhanga

36

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa

n’umunyeshuri Icya gatandatu Kwandika amagambo agaragaza

ubutinde n’amasaku

Ubutinde n’amasaku mu nteruro

Kwibutsa abanyeshuri kwifashisha amagambo fatizo mu kwandika amagambo agaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku

Gukora imyitozo yo kwandika agaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku

Icya karindwi • Kugaragaza indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko

• Gutandukanya insigamigani,

umugani muremure n’igitekerezo

• Gusobanura insigamigani

Insigamigani

• Gusomesha bucece • Gusomesha insigamugani

igika ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya

• Gusomesha insigamugani yose

• Kubaza ibibazo ku mwandiko

• Gutandukanya insigamugani, umugani muremure n’igitekerezo.

• Kubaza indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko.

• Gusoma bucece. • Gusoma aranguruye,

yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa.

• Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko

• Kuvuga indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko.

37

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa

n’umunyeshuri Icya munani Kwandika ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi

yubahiriza intêgo yayo

Ihangamwandiko Ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi

• Kuganira n’abanyeshuri ku buryo bunyuranye bwo kohereza ubutumwa

• Gusobanura ibitandukanya ibaruwa isanzwe n’iy’ubutegetsi

• Gusobanura imvugo ikoreshwa mu ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi

• Kwerekana ibice by’ingenzi bigize ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi

• Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi

• Kugaragaza ibice by’ingenzi bigize ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi

• Kwandika ibaruwa

y’ubutegetsi yubahiriza imyandikire yemewe y’ikinyarwanda.

Kwandika umwirondoro

Umwirondoro

• Gusobanura umwirondoro icyo ari cyo

• Kwerekana ibice biwugize

• Kwerekana uko wandikwa

• Gusaba buri munyeshuri kwandika umwirondoro we

Kwandika umwirondoro hubahirizwa imiterere yawo

38

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya mbere Kugaragaza indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko.

Igitekerezo Indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka




inyigisho bakuye mu mwandiko • Gusaba abanyeshuri gutahura mu

mwandiko indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka





• Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko

• Gutahura indangamuco n’ingingo z’amateka ziri mu mwandiko

• Gutahura inshoberamahanga mu mwandiko asomye

• Kuzisobanura no kuzikoresha mu mvugo no mu nyandiko

Inshobera mahanga • Gusomesha umwandiko • Gufasha abanyeshuri gutahura

inshoberamahanga mu mwandiko wizwe

• Kuzisobanura • Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga izindi

nshoberamahanga bazi. • Gusaba kuzikoresha mu mvugo no

mu nyandiko

• Gusoma umwandiko • Gutahura inshoberamahanga mu

mwandiko • Kuvuga izindi

nshoberamahanga azi. • Kuzikoresha mu mvugo no mu

nyandiko

39


Icya kabiri • Gutahura ikinyazina mbanziriza; ikinyazina mpamagazi

• Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’ ikinyazina mbanziriza; ikinyazina mpamagazi

Ikinyazina mbanziriza Ikinyazina mpamagazi

• Gutanga interuro zibonekamo ikinyazina mbanziriza; ikinyazina mpamagazi

• Kwerekana ibinyazina mbanziriza; ibinyazina mpamagazi binyuranye biri mu nteruro

• Gusesengura ibyo binyazina hagaragazwa ibicumbi bitandukanye n’amategeko y’igenamajwi

• Gusoma interuro yahawe • Gutahura ikinyazina

mbanziriza; ikinyazina mpamagazi

• Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’ikinyazina mbanziriza; ikinyazina mpamagazi

Icya gatatu Kwirinda sida n’izindi ndwara zifatira mu myanya ndangagitsina

Umwandiko kuri Sida n’izindi ndwara zifatira mu myanya ndangagitsina

• Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko cyangwa kwitegereza no kujya impaka ku mashusho yerekeye umwandiko


mwandiko • Gusoma umwandiko wose • Gusomesha igika ku kindi • Kugaragaza ingaruka za sida ku

muryango no ku gihugu • Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga

inyigisho iri mu mwandiko • Gusaba abanyeshuri kugaragaza

ingamba bafata

• Kwitegereza amashusho akayavugaho

• Gusoma bucece • Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko • Gusoma igika • Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko

wose • Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu

mwandiko • Kuganira ku ngamba zafatwa

ngo birinde Sida no kuzijyaho impaka

40


Icya kane • Gutahura ikinyazina nyamubaro; ikinyazina mbaza/ mbazamubare

• Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’ikinyazina nyamubaro; ikinyazina mbaza/ mbazamubare

Ikinyazina nyamubaro Ikinyazina mbaza/ mbazamubare

• Gutanga interuro zibonekamo ikinyazina nyamubaro; ikinyazina mbaza/ mbazamubare

• Kwerekana ibinyazina nyamubaro n’ibinyazina mbaza/ mbazamubare binyuranye biri mu nteruro


• Gusoma interuro yahawe • Gutahura ikinyazina nyamubaro;

ikinyazina mbaza/ mbazamub • Kugaragaza uturemajambo

tw’ikinyazina nyamubaro; ikinyazina mbaza/ mbazamubare

Icya gatanu • Gutahura ibiranga ikoranabuhanga ry’abanyarwanda bo hambere

• Kugaragaza uruhare rw’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere

Umwandiko ku ikoranabuhanga




• Gusaba abanyeshuri gutahura mu mwandiko ibiranga ikoranabuhanga biri mu mwandiko

• Gusaba abanyeshuri kugereranya ikoranabuhanga ry’Abanyarwanda n’iry’andi mahanga





• Kuvuga ibiranga ikoranabuhanga biri mu mwandiko

• Kujya impaka ku ruhare rw’ikoranabuhanga mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda bo hambere

41

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya gatandatu Guhanga wandika Ihangamwandiko • Kwibutsa imiterere y’umwandiko

unoze (imbata yawo) • Gutanga insanganyamatsiko • Gufasha abanyeshuri kubona ingingo

zijyanye n’iyo nsanganyamatsiko • Kugaraza iz’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka • Gusaba abanyeshuri guhanga

umwandiko

• Kwandika ingingo z’ingenzi zijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko yahawe.

• Guhanga mu buryo bw’inyurabwenge yubahiriza imbata y’umwandiko n’imyandikire yemewe y’ikinyarwanda

Icya karindwi • Gutahura ikinyazina ndafutura; ikinyazina ndanganteko

• Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’ikinyazina nyamubaro; ikinyazina mbaza/ mbazamubare

Ikinyazina ndafutura Ikinyazina ndanganteko

• Gutanga interuro zibonekamo ikinyazina ndafutura; ikinyazina ndanganteko

• Kwerekana ikinyazina ndafutura; n’ikinyazina ndanganteko binyuranye biri mu nteruro


• Gusoma interuro yahawe • Gutahura ikinyazina

ndafutura; ikinyazina ndanganteko

• Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’ikinyazina ndafutura; ikinyazina ndanganteko

Icya munani

• Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga

• Kuvuga ahuza imvugo n’ingiro kandi ashyiramo isesekaza

• Gukina bigana abanyarubuga bari mu gakinamico kateguwe

Ikinamico

• Gusomesha ikinamico • Gusobanura amagambo mashya • Gusaba abanyeshuri gufata mu mutwe • Guha buri munyeshuri urubuga

rwe(ibyo agomba gukina) • Kubatoza gukina

• Gusoma ikinamico • Gufata mu twe ikinamico • Kuvuga inyigisho

akuyemo • Gukina.

42

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri Icya mbere • Gusoma inkuru ahuza

amashusho n’amagambo • Kugaragaza inyigisho iri mu

nkuru

Inkuru ishushanyije ku burenganzira bwa muntu .

• Kwerekana amashusho no kubasaba kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo babona

• Gusomesha bucece • Gusomesha barangurura • Kubaza ibibazo bigaragaza

isano iri hagati y’amashusho n’amagambo.

• Kubaza inyigisho bakuye mu nkuru n’ingamba bafashe

• Gusaba abanyeshuri gukina iyo nkuru

• Kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo babona ku mashusho.

• Gusoma bucece bahuza

amashusho n’amagambo. • Gusoma baranguruye. • Kuvuga isano iri hagati

y’amashusho n’amagambo • Kuvuga inyigisho bakuye

mu nkuru • Kuganira ku byakorwa ngo

hubahirizwe uburenganzira bwa muntu

• Gukina bigana iyo nkuru

Icya kabiri • Gusesengura inkuru yo mu kinyamakuru

• Kubwira abandi ibikubiyemo muri make.

• Kwandika inkuru yo gutangaza mu kinyamakuru

Inyandiko y’ikinyamakuru

• Guha abanyeshuri ibinyamakuru byo gusoma binyuranye

• Gusaba buri wese gutegura inyandiko

• Gutangaza mu kinyamakuru • Guhitamo inyandiko zinoze

• Gusoma ikinyamakuru • Kubwira bagenzi be muri

make ibyo yasomye • Gukora inyandiko ngufi yo

gutangaza mu kinyamakuru

Icya gatatu Gutandukanya inshinga ahereye ku ntêgo yayo

Inshinga: inshinga isanzwe, inshinga nkene, ingirwanshinga

• Kwandika interuro zirimo amoko anyuranye y’inshinga

• Gutahura inshinga zirimo • Kuvuga ubwoko bwa buri

nshinga yatahuwe

• Gusoma interuro yahawe • Gutahura inshinga ziri mu

nteruro • Kuvuga ubwoko

bw’inshinga yabonye

43

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya kane • Gusesengura inshinga werekana uturemajambo tw’ibanze tw’inshinga n’impakanyi

• Kugaragaza amategeko y’igenamajwi

Isesengura nshinga uturemajambo tw’ibanze (indanganshinga, indangagihe, umuzi, umusozo) n’impakanyi: si-, nti-, -ta-,-i-.

• Kwerekana uturemajambo tw’ibanze tw’inshinga itondaguye.

• Kwerekana impakanyi n’umwanya wazo mu nshinga

• Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’imbundo

• Gusesengura inshinga mu bihe

• Gusesengura inshinga zifite impakanyi zavuzwe

Icya gatanu Kuririmba indirimbo

Indirimbo

• Gusomesha umwandiko • Gusobanura amagambo

mashya • Kubaza ibibazo rusange • Kumvisha abanyeshuri

indirimbo • Kuririmbisha

• Gusoma umwandiko • Gusubiza ibibazo yabajijwe • Gutega amatwi yumva

injyana n’amagambo • Kuvuga inyigisho akuye

mu ndirimbo • Kuririmba

Icya gatandatu Kwandika amatangazo anyuranye (abika, amenyesha, aranga, arangisha)

Itangazo

• Gusomesha amatangazo • Kuvuga ubwoko bwa buri

tangazo • Kwerekana ibiba bikubiye mu

itangazo • Kwandikisha itangazo

• Gusoma amatangazo • Kuvuga ubwoko bwa buri

tangazo • Kwerekana ibikubiye mu

itangazo • Kwandika itangazo

44

Umwaka wa gatatu Igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icya karindwi • Gusesengura ibivugwa mu migani migufi

• Gukoresha imigani migufi

Imigani migufi • Gusomesha umwandiko • Gusaba abanyeshuri

kwerekana imigani migufi iri mu mwandiko

• Gusobanura imigani migufi yavanywe mu mwandiko

• Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga imigani ivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko runaka

• Kwandika imigani yatanzwe no kuyisobanura

• Gusoma umwandiko • Kwerekana imigani migufi

iri mu mwandiko • Gusobanura imigani • Kuvuga imigani mugufi

ijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko yahawe

Icya munani Gukora inyandikomvugo yubahiriza imiterere y’inyandikomvugo

Inyandikomvugo • Gusomesha inyandikomvugo • Gusobanura inshoza

y’inyandiko mvugo • Kwerekana ibice bigize

inyandikomvugo n’ibivugwamo

• Gusaba abanyeshuri gukora inyandiko mvugo y’inama cyangwa y’ikiganiro no kubakosora.

• Gutanga ibibazo byagibwaho inama

• Gutanga ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko yemewe

• Kwandika ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibivugirwa mu nama

• Gukora inyandikomvugo.

45

IBITABO TWIFASHISHIJE

MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI, 1996, Integanyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda z’icyiciro rusange, Cndp, Kigali MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI, 2004, Integanyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza: Icyiciro cya kabiri , Cndp, Kigali GAGNÉ, G., PAGÉ,M. na TARRAB, E, 2002, Didactique des langues maternelles. Questions actuelles dans différentes régions du monde,

De Boeck Universitégions du monde, De Boeck Université, Bruxelles MURAYI, A.,1986, Ubumenyi bwo kwigisha: bigisha bate mu mashuri abanza?, Editions Printer Set, Kigali HAMELINE, D., 1983, Les objectifs pédagogiques (4ème édition), Editions ESF, Paris MINISITERI Y’AMASHURI ABANZA N’AYISUMBUYE, 1982, Ikinyarwanda: gusoma no gusesengura imyandiko. Umwaka wa mbere

w’amashuri yisumbuye. Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri, Icapwa rya kabiri, Imprisco, Kigali

1984, Ikinyarwanda: gusoma no gusesengura imyandiko. Umwaka wa gatatu

w’amashuri yisumbuye. Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri, Imprisco, Kigali 1988, Ikinyarwanda: gusoma no gusesengura imyandiko. Umwaka wa kabiri

w’amashuri yisumbuye. Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri, Imprisco, Kigali 1990, Ikinyarwanda. Ikibonezamvugo: Iyigantego.Inshoza y’inshinga

nyarwanda. Isomo ryatguwe na Igiraneza Tewodomiri, Kigali NDEKEZI, S., 1981, Imyuga y’Abanyarwanda, INADES-formation-RWANDA, Imprimeri de Kabgayi

46

INTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA MU CYICIRO RUSANGE ...........................................................................................2 1. Iriburiro ........................................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Ibigamijwe mu kwigisha ikinyarwanda ..........................................................................2 3. Imiterere y’iyi nteganyanyigisho................................................................................................4 4. Ishusho y’umunyeshuri urangije icyiciro rusange..................................4 5. Imbonezanyigisho rusange ..................................................................................................................5 6. Uburyo bw’isuzuma .............................................................................................................................................6 7. Abateguye iyi nteganyanyigisho ................................................................................................6 IBIKUBIYE MU NTEGANYANYIGISHO.....................................................................................................................................................7 1. Umwaka wa mbere................................................................................................................................................7 2. Umwaka wa kabiri ................................................................................................................................................19 3. Umwaka wa gatatu..............................................................................................................................................34 IBITABO TWIFASHISHIJE .........................................................................................................................................................................45

Documents

MINISITERI Y’UBUREZIMINISITERI Y’UBUREZI IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU ... · bw’impine) amategeko y’igenamajwi ari mu izina ryasesenguwe Uturemajambo tw’izina mbonera Amategeko y’igenamajwi