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MIRE VALÓK AZ EGYSZERŰ PERFECT (Perfect Simple) IGEIDŐK?
- Az igeszemléletek harmadik fontos csoportja a perfect szemlélet. Ez is előfordul a jelenben,
a múltban és a jövőben is.
- Sajnos ez a magyar nyelvben egyáltalán nem létező szemlélet, ezért nagyon figyelnünk kell,
mikor szokták az angolok használni. (A szemlélet elnevezése is furcsa magyarul: egyszerű
befejezett – ez nem sok mindent mond a magyar embernek!)
- Az PERFECT SIMPLE szemlélet legfontosabb használati területei:
● két idősík összefonódása
pl. Épp most ettem almát. (I have eaten an apple just now.)
– Present Perfect Simple (a „most” a jelen időszakra utal, a cselekvés már befejeződött, tehát részint már elmúlt,
részint viszont még a jelenhez kötődik)
Hat órára már megettem egy almát. (I had eaten an apple by 5.)
– Past Perfect Simple
(mindkét esemény a múltban volt, de az egyik hamarabb, a másik később)
Hat órára már megeszek egy almát. (I will have eaten an apple by 5.)
– Future Perfect Simple
(mindkét esemény a jövőben lesz, de az egyik hamarabb, a másik később)
● Előidejűség: olyan esemény, amely valameddig befejeződött/befejeződik
(hamarabb kezdődik, és már befejeződik, mire egy másik elkezdődik
pl. Mostanra már megettem. (I have eaten it by now.) – Present Perfect Simple (az étel megevése hamarabb megtörtént, mint az aktuális jelen)
Mire megérkeztem, megették a tortámat.
(By the time I arrived, they have eaten my cake.) – Past Perfect Simple (a tortát már azelőtt megették, hogy megérkeztem)
Mire megérkezem, megeszik a tortámat.
(By the time I arrive, they will have eaten my cake.) – Future Perfect Simple (a tortát már azelőtt meg fogják enni, hogy megérkezem)
MIBEN KÖZÖS AZ EGYSZERŰ PERFECT IGEIDŐK ALAKJA?
● Minden egyszerű perfect igeidőnek a segédigéje a HAVE megfelelő alakja.
● Minden egyszerű perfect igeidőben az ige a 3. alakban áll.
Azaz: Present Perfect Simple: have (E/3: has) (→ a ’have’ jelen idejű alakja) + az ige 3. alakja
Past Perfect Simple: had → (→ a ’have’ múlt idejű alakja) + az ige 3. alakja
Future Perfect Simple: will have (→ a ’have’ jövő idejű alakja) + az ige 3. alakja
Az ige harmadik alakja a következő:
-ed végződés (mint a Past Simple-nél)
vagy: rendhagyó (l. a rendhagyó igék táblázatát – 103.o.!)
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ALAKJA
A Present Perfect Simple segédigéje: E/1, E/2, T/1, T/2, T/3: HAVE; E/3: HAS
Ezt használjuk kijelentő, állító mondatokban és kérdezéskor, valamint tagadáskor is!
Ehhez kapcsolódik az adott ige (főige) 3. alakja.
● KIJELENTŐ, ÁLLÍTÓ (NEM TAGADÓ) MONDATBAN:
HAVE/HAS + az ige 3. ALAKJA
pl. My husband has just returned home. I have waited for him for a long time, so it’s not
surprising that I have become angry.
(A férjem épp most ért haza. Régóta vártam rá, ezért nem meglepő, hogy mérges lettem.)
ÖSSZEVONÁS: A have/has segédige az alannyal összevonható.
pl. He has arrived. = He’s arrived.
They have arrived. = They’ve arrived.
● TAGADÁS: a segédige után kerül a „not” tagadószó:
HAVE/HAS + NOT + az ige 3. alakja
pl. He has not been at home for 10 hours. (10 órája nem volt itthon.)
ÖSSZEVONÁS: Az have/has segédige a „not” tagadószóval összevonható:
pl. He has not arrived. = He hasn’t arrived.
They have not arrived. = They haven’t arrived.
● KÉRDEZÉS: a segédige az alany elé kerül:
HAVE/HAS + ALANY + az ige 3. alakja
pl. Has he ever waited for someone so long? (Várt ő valaha ilyen sokáig valakire?)
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HASZNÁLATA (I.)
A Present Perfect igeidőt az angol sűrűn használja, számunkra ugyanakkor elég nagy kihívás,
hogy megértsük, miért. Tudniillik a Present Perfect Simple az angolban az egyik JELEN
IDEJŰ IGESZEMLÉLET, a magyarra mégis a legtöbbször MÚLT IDŐVEL fordítjuk
le. (Ez abból fakad, hogy a Present Perfect a múlt és a jelen idősíkját mossa össze, és
legtöbbször egy cselekvés befejezettségét hangsúlyozza – nálunk azonban ilyen nincs, mi a
befejezettséget legtöbbször múlt idővel fejezzük ki.) Ezért fontos, hogy részletesen is
megvizsgáljuk, mikor kell Present Perfect Simple igeidőt használnunk:
A) Ha azt hangsúlyozzuk, hogy a cselekvés egyáltalán megtörtént
● Ilyenkor az a lényeg, hogy a cselekvés MÁR BEFEJEZŐDÖTT, DE NEM FONTOS,
HOGY KONKRÉTAN MIKOR (csak az, hogy a jelenig egyáltalán megtörtént, volt
ilyen).
- A mondatban nincs időhatározó, vagy olyan időhatározó van, amely csak a cselekvés
befejezettségét nyomatékosítja (pl. már, még).
- A magyarban ilyenkor múlt időt használunk.
pl. I have burnt the dinner. (Odaégettem a vacsorát.)
She has already eaten octopus. (Már evett polipot.)
Have you been to* Paris yet? (Voltál már Párizsban?)
Ilyenkor jellemzően használható időhatározók:
A cselekvés befejezettségét nyomatékosítók
already (kijelentő mondatban: már)
o ez az időhatározó közvetlenül a (fő)ige elé ékelődik be
o csak kijelentő, állító mondatokban használjuk
pl. Bob has already written his homework. (Bob már megírta a leckéjét.)
yet (tagadó mondatban: még; kérdő mondatban: már)
o mindkét fajta mondatban a mondat végén áll.
pl. Bob has not written his homework yet. (Bob még nem írta meg a leckéjét.)
Has Bob written his homework yet? (Bob már megírta a leckéjét?)
just (épp)
o közvetlenül a (fő)ige elé ékelődik be
pl. Bob has just written his homework. (Bob épp megírta a leckéjét.)
ever ((már) valaha (is))
o közvetlenül a (fő)ige elé ékelődik be
o főként kérdésekben fordul elő
pl. Have you ever been to Paris? (Voltál már valaha Párizsban?)
B) Ha azt hangsúlyozzuk, hogy a cselekvés a jelen időszakban történt meg
● Ilyenkor szintén az a lényeg, hogy a cselekvés MÁR BEFEJEZŐDÖTT, kiegészítve
azzal, hogy nem a múltban, hanem A JELEN IDŐSZAKBAN történt meg
- A mondatban jelenre utaló időhatározó van.
- A magyarban ilyenkor is múlt időt használunk.
(*M.j.: A „where (hol)?” kérdésre válaszolva a Present Perfect Simple mellett a ”TO” elöljárószót kell használni!)
pl. I have found a hamster just now. (Épp most találtam egy hörcsögöt.)
My mother-in-law has arrived now. (Most érkezett az anyósom.)
Ilyenkor jellemzően használható időhatározók:
Az aktuális jelenre utalók, a közelmúlt és a jelen időszakát összekötők (miközben a
magyarban az ige múlt időben áll)
today (ma)
pl. Bob has written his homework today. (Bob ma megírta a leckéjét.)
now (most)
pl. Bob has written his homework now. (Bob most írta meg a leckéjét.)
just now (épp most)
pl. Bob has written his homework just now. (Bob épp most írta meg a leckéjét.)
since… (valamilyen időpont óta) – utána azt az időpontot adjuk meg, amióta a cselekvés
befejezetté vált
pl. He has written five letters since 2 o’clock. (Két óra óta öt levelet írt meg.)
for… (valamennyi ideje, valamilyen időhossz óta) – utána azt az időhosszt adjuk meg,
amely a jelenig eltelt.
pl. He hasn’t written letters for years. (Évek óta nem írt levelet.)
for the last week/month/year etc. (az utóbbi héten/hónapban/évben stb.) – utána azt az
időszakaszt adjuk meg, amely még most is tart.
pl. He has written five letters for the last week. (Az utóbbi héten öt levelet írt.)
this morning/week/month etc. (ma reggel, ezen a héten/hónapban stb.)
pl. Bob has written his homework this morning. (Bob ma reggel írta meg a leckéjét.)
A Present Perfect Simple és a Past Simple különbsége
Mivel tehát a magyarban ilyenkor múlt idő jelenik meg, oda kell figyelnünk, hogy mikor kell
a magyar múlt időt az angolban is múlt idővel mondani (Past Simple) és mikor kell
Present Perfecet Simple-t használni.
► PAST SIMPLE-t kell használni, ha a cselekvés EGYÉRTELMŰEN A MÚLTBAN
ZÁRULT LE.
Ezt jelzi, hogy
Megjegyzés:
Az ilyen időhatározók csak akkor jelzik igazán, hogy a jelen időszakáról van szó, ha még mindig az
adott napszak/hét/év stb. van érvényben.
Képzeljük el, hogy például most még reggel van, s ekkor azt mondjuk: „Ma reggel nem ettem
reggelit.” Mivel még most is reggel van, a kijelentés az aktuális jelen időszakára vonatkozik, s ezért
Present Perfect Simple-t kell használnunk: I haven’t eaten breakfast this morning.
Ha viszont már este van, s ekkor mondjuk ugyanezt, az aktuális jelenhez képest márt múltként fogjuk
fel a „ma reggel”-t, s ezért Past Simple-t használunk: I didn’t eat breakfast this morning.
a) valamilyen konkrétan meghatározott múltra utaló időhatározó van a mondatban
vagy a szövegelőzményekben (amely a „mikor?” kérdésre válaszol).
pl. We ate breakfast at 7 o’clock. (7 órakor ettünk reggelit.)
↓
meg van adva a múltbeli időpont
b) közismerten a múltban történt eseményről (ami a múltban lezárult) /múltban élt
személyről (aki már nem él) beszélünk.
pl. Chaplin played in several films. (Chaplin sok filmben szerepelt.)
↓
közismert tény, hogy Chaplin egy múltbeli színész, és már nem él, tehát csakis
a lezárult múltról lehet szó
● Értelemszerűen a Past Simple-t kell használnunk akkor is, amikor a cselekvés
időpontjára kérdezünk (when?).
pl. When did you meet him? (Mikor találkoztál vele?)
► PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE-t kell használni, ha A CSELEKVÉS NEM A
LEZÁRULT MÚLTHOZ KÖTŐDIK.
Ennek oka lehet, hogy
a) a cselekvés a jelen időszakában zárult le, s ezt többnyire egy jelen idejű
időhatározó is jelzi)
pl. We have eaten breakfast just now. (Épp most ettünk reggelit.)
↓
az időhatározó a jelenre utal
b) nem fontos, hogy mikor történt a cselekvés (csak az, hogy egyáltalán már
megtörtént, ill. hogy még nem történt meg), nincs múltra utaló időhatározó
pl. I have arrived! (Megérkeztem!)
c) a jelenben is létező személy (befejezett) cselekvéséről beszélünk (időhatározó
nélkül)
pl. Bruce Willis has played in several films. (Bruce Willis sok filmben szerepelt.)
↓
Bruce Willis ma is élő színész, karrierje még nem zárult le, a mondatban azt
fejezzük ki, hogy az aktuális jelenig mit végzett el, s hogy ez még folytatódhat.
A meghatározott múltra utaló időhatározók:
… ago (= vmennyi idővel ezelőtt, vmennyi ideje)
pl. I wrote a novel two years ago. (Írtam egy regényt két évvel ezelőtt.)
last … (= a múlt …-n/-ban/-ben)
pl. I wrote a novel last year. (Írtam egy regényt a múlt évben.)
yesterday (= tegnap)
pl. I wrote a novel yesterday. (Írtam egy regényt tegnap.)
in / on / at … (időhatározó elöljárószók, amelyekkel megadhatjuk, melyik évben / hónapban /napon /
időszakban történt az esemény)
pl. I wrote a novel in 1996. (Írtam egy regényt 1996-ban.)
I wrote a novel in May. (Írtam egy regényt májusban.)
I wrote a novel on Monday. (Írtam egy regényt hétfőn.)
I wrote a novel at Christmas. (Írtam egy regényt karácsonykor.)
when… / as soon as … stb. (időhatározói mellékmondat kötőszavai: „amikor” /„amint”)
pl. I wrote a novel when I was 18. (Írtam egy regény, amikor 18 éves voltam.)
► Belátásunktól függ, hogy Present Perfect-et vagy Past Simple-t használunk ha egyéb
körülményekre kérdezünk rá (why? where? how? stb.) Ilyenkor a legtöbbször Past Simple-t használunk, de ha a cselekvés tényét akarjuk
hangsúlyozni, Present Perfect-et is használhatunk (a döntés saját belátásunkon múlik).
pl. Why did you eat breakfast?
(Miért etted meg a reggelimet? → az ok firtatása a hangsúlyosabb)
Why have you eaten my breakfast?
(Miért etted meg a reggelimet? → a cselekvés megtörténte a hangsúlyosabb)
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HASZNÁLATA (II.)
C) Ha azt hangsúlyozzuk, hogy a cselekvés a múltban kezdődött, és azóta szokásosan
ismétlődik
● Ilyenkor szintén nem csak az a lényeges, hogy a cselekvés a jelenben szokásos, hanem az is,
hogy a cselekvés valamiképpen már a múltban szokássá vált.
- A mondatban olyan időhatározó szerepelhet, amely csak a cselekvés ismétlődésére,
szokásosságára utal (pl. mindig).
- Sokszor azzal is kiegészítjük, hogy az adott gyakoriság mióta áll fenn.
- A magyarban lehet jelen vagy múlt idő is.
pl. He has always wanted to become healthy.
(Mindig egészségessé akart válni.)
I have often visited him since he became ill.
(Gyakran látogatom meg, amióta beteg lett.)
Ilyenkor jellemzően használható időhatározók:
● A cselekvés ismétlődésére utalók (sokszor olyan időhatározóval együtt, amely
megadja azt is, hogy az adott cselekvés mióta szokás)
never ((még) sosem)
o ilyenkor a magyarban általában múlt idő szerepel
pl. I have never seen a whale. (Sosem láttam (még) bálnát.)
always (mindig (is))
o ilyenkor a magyarban általában múlt idő szerepel
pl. We have aways wanted to buy a big house.
(Mindig (is) nagy házat akartunk venni.)
often (vmilyen időpont óta gyakran)
o ilyenkor a magyarban általában jelen idő szerepel
pl. We have often phoned each other since we finished school.
(Gyakran hívjuk fel egymást, amióta befejeztük az iskolát.)
stb.
● A cselekvés jelenbeli szokássá válására utalók
recently (mostanában)
pl. Bob hasn’t written his homework recently.
(Bob mostanában nem írta meg a leckéjét.)
lately (az utóbbi dőben)
pl. Bob hasn’t written his homework lately.
(Bob az utóbbi időben nem írta meg a leckéjét.)
before (ezelőtt)
pl. Bob has never written his homework before. (Bob ezelőtt nem írta meg a leckéjét.)
D) A Present Perfect Simple és statikus igék
Sokszor egy érzésről, állapotról, akaratról stb. azt akarjuk elmondani, hogy az éppen tart (azaz
folyamatban van). Ilyenkor valójában folyamatos alakot kellene használnunk. Csakhogy az
effajta igék a STATIKUS IGÉK csoportjába tartoznak.
Emiatt – hiába is akarjuk a folyamatban lévőséget érzékeltetni – ezek a statikus igék NEM
VEHETNEK FEL FOLYAMATOS ALAKOT (l. statikus igék!).
Emiatt a Present Perfect Simple alakot használjuk, és ez azt fejezi ki, hogy EGY ÁLLAPOT,
ÉRZÉS, VÉLEMÉNY, AKARAT STB. (statikus igék), A MÚLTBAN KEZDŐDÖTT,
ÉS MÉG TART.
pl. We have loved each other for ages. (Ezer éve szeretjük egymást.)
I have been here for two hours. (Két órája itt vagyok.)
I have been good since Friday. (Péntek óta jó vagyok.)
They have hated each other since they first met.
(Azóta utálják egymást, amióta először találkoztak.)
Ilyenkor jellemzően használható időhatározók:
● Az időtartamot vagy a kezdőpontot jelölő elöljárószók
since… (valamilyen időpont óta) – utána azt az időpontot adjuk meg, amióta tart az
esemény
pl. She has been here since 2 o’clock. (Két óra óta van itt.)
for… (valamennyi ideje, valamilyen időhossz óta) – utána azt az időhosszt adjuk meg,
amely a múlttól kezdődően átível a jelenig.
pl. She has been here for 2 hours. (Két órája /óra hosszája van itt.)
● Az időtartam hosszúságát jelölő időhatározók
all day/week/month stb. (egész nap/héten/hónapban stb.)
pl. She has been here all morning. (Egész reggel itt van.)
A magyarban ilyenkor általában jelen időt használunk.
Megjegyzés:
Az, hogy ezek az időhatározók szerepelhetnek a Present Perfect Simple mellett, NEM JELENTI, hogy csak
Present Perfect Simple szerepelhet mellettük!
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ALAKJA
1) Complete the following table.
2) Write “HAS” or “HAVE”.
1. ____________ you ever visited London?
2. Mary ____________ never read a novel.
3. They ____________ already finished.
4. ____________ she closed the door?
5. Mr Bean ____________ travelled abroad.
6. ____________ it stopped snowing?
7. Mother ____________ called you.
8. I ____________ never tasted sushi.
9. We ____________ worked hard.
10. _____________ Peter painted the wall?
3) Fill in the spaces with the present perfect simple forms of the verbs given in brackets!
1. My parents _______ to New York.(travel)
2. I ________for the Math test. (study)
3. Our grandparents ________________ us lately. (not write)
Infinitive Past
Participle
be
broken
cook
do
drunk
eat
find
give
go
felt
Infinitive Past
Participle
have
look
lost
make
paint
played
see
speak
take
written
Megjegyzés:
Az, hogy ezek az időhatározók szerepelhetnek a Present Perfect Simple mellett, NEM JELENTI, hogy csak
Present Perfect Simple szerepelhet mellettük!
4. Daisy _______ her sister a parcel.(send)
5. Our teacher___________ the present perfect. (teach)
6. My sister and I _______ our bedroom. (redecorate)
7. My brother______________ the game. (win)
8. She __________ the cake. (bring)
9. Peter ___________ a book. (publish)
10. Jack ___________ five letters. (write)
11. I ___________ my umbrella. (lose)
12. _______ you ___________ this book? It’s very good. (read)
13. She ___________ the travel agent. (not / phone)
14. My dog ___________ my sandwich. (eat)
15. They ___________ this film. (not / see )
16. Kitty is happy because John ___________ a beautiful fur coat for her. (buy)
17. Miss Dee phones the police because a thief ___________ her jewellery. (take)
18. The young man looks worried because he ___________ the address of his hotel. (forget)
19. Jim looks tired and worried because he __________ the night at the police station. (spend)
20. The Browns are happy because they ___________ an invitation to Scotland. (get)
4) Read the secretary’s to do list for today and speak about her solved and unsolved
tasks using Present Perfect. (Remember that on the list you can find only notes – i.e. only the key
words for a given activity. So you might have to make some necessary transformations too.)
e. g. collect CVs for open position
select candidates for job interviews
invite candidates for job interviews
order a bouquet for boss’ wife
order plane ticket to Copenhagen
order stationery
water plants in office
feed boss’ fish
arrange reception for company’s 20th
anniversary
answer press enquiries
send company car to service
check company share prices
remind boss of merger negotiations
remind boss to take blood pressure pills
cancel meeting with Mrs Jones
call dentist for appointment
e.g. She has collected the CVs for the open position.
5) Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Megérkezett Robert!
2. Valaki megette a vacsorámat.
3. Hívott téged az anyukád.
4. Charlie és Susan összeházasodtak.
5. Valaki bezárta az ajtót.
6. Harriet lekéste a vonatot.
7. Elmentetek a színházba?
8. Megmostad a fogadat?
9. Miért hívtál?
10. Mit ettél?
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HASZNÁLATA I.
6) Practice the use of Present Perfect Simple with the adverb “already” by the sample
sentences!
e.g. A: Bring the milk in, please.
B: I've already brought it in.
1. Begin your exercise now.
2. Do your homework.
3. You must find those tickets.
4. Don't sit on that record.
5. Tell him the joke.
6. Take your medicine.
7) Negate the following sentences with the adverb “yet” by the example!
e.g. I have already done it.
I haven’t done it yet.
1. He has already found it.
2. We have already read it.
3. Joe has already been there.
4. The boy has already had lunch.
5. I have already telephoned him.
6. She has already come home.
8) Say these sentences in the negative and interrogative.
1. Daisy has already phoned her mother.
2. She has already bought some books.
3. He has already arrived.
4. Lucy and Paul have already left.
5. Charles has already booked the hotel.
6. My dog has already eaten.
7. We have already drunk coffee.
8. They have already cooked dinner.
9. You have already tasted the cake.
10. Susan has already seen the film.
11. Mrs. Smith has already watered the roses.
12. They have already won the lottery.
9) Put ”already” or ”yet” in the right place.
1. Have you done your homework?
2. She hasn’t seen him.
3. I have sung in a pub.
4. Has he performed in a film?
5. I haven’t been to London.
6. They have swum in the river.
7. It hasn’t rained.
8. Have you found your glasses?
9. She has lost her keys.
10. Has James drawn the elephant?
11. I have had a shower.
12. Spring hasn’t begun.
10) What has just happened? Make sentences in the Present Perfect Simple, using ’just’
1. catch a fish 2. throw a ball 3. come out of
the water 4. fall asleep
5. take a picture
of his wife
6. start a voyage 7. catch a hat 8. pitch a tent 9. jump into the
water
10. pick a bunch
of flowers
11. arrive at the
hotel
12. eat a
strawberry
13. start to rain
14. eat some
food
15. fall
16. build a
sandcastle
17. water the
carrots 18. get lost
19. put out the
fire
20. make dinner
11) Choose the correct sentence from each pair.
1. I just have done it. / I have just done it.
2. I have already finished. / I already have finished.
3. I have been recently ill. / I have been ill recently.
4. I haven't done yet it. / I haven't done it yet.
5. Have you ever done it? / Have ever you done it?
6. Have you seen lately her? / Have you seen her lately?
7. I haven't spoken to her recently. / I haven't spoken to recently her.
8. I have seen today her. / I have seen her today.
9. Has it been yet done? / Has it been done yet?
12) Choose the correct option.
1. Oliver has _____ washed his car.
a) yet b) ever c) just
2. My cousin hasn’t arrived _____.
a) never b) yet c) already
3. My friend Jason has _____ come back from Italy.
a) already b) yet c) ever
4. Have they _____ met a famous person?
a) just b) yet c) ever
5. I have _____ listened to classical music.
a) before b) yet c) never
6. Sam and Jane have _____ left for work.
a) ever b) yet c) already
7. We have _____ heard a strange noise.
a) just b) yet c) just now
13) Use FOR or SINCE to complete these expressions.
1. ______________ 3 months
2. ______________ 7 o’clock
3. ______________ April
4. ______________ a week
5. ______________ a long time
6. ______________ her birthday
7. ______________ 1950
8. ______________ ten years
14) Fill in the sentences with ”since” or ”for”.
1. Things have changed ... I was a little girl.
2. He hasn't worked this hard ..... he was at school.
3. She's worked there ....... years.
4. ..... 1989, no one has lived here.
5. He hasn't worked ..... he was made redundant.
6. They haven't cleaned the windows ........ months.
7. It's the first time I've eaten snails ........ I was in France on holiday.
15) Make up mini dialogues by the example!
e.g. You – be – England – 1991
Have you ever been to England? Yes, I have. I was there in 1991.
1. You – read – Hamlet – last month
2. your mother – visit – New York – three years ago
3. he – speak – to a film star – yesterday
4. you – see – the Mona Lisa –last summer
5. you – meet – an English man – two months ago
6. he – eat – bananas – a few days ago
7. you – drive – a car – last night
8. he – drink – tea with milk – in the morning
16) Choose the appropriate verb form.
1. My dad _____________ tennis yesterday morning.
a) played
b) has played
c) have played
2. Look, they __________ the car in the garage. It looks new again.
a) cleaned
b) has cleaned
c) have cleaned
3. Last year, Bob and I _____________ to Japan to climb Mt Fuji.
a) have ever been
b) have gone
c) went
4. Tom and Jerry ___________ a joke so now they are laughing.
a) just read
b) have just read
c) just have read
5. I __________ my husband at high school more than 20 years ago.
a) have already met
b) have met
c) met
6. My grandparents ____________ another country before.
a) have never visited
b) visited
c) never visit
7. Mrs P. Orsche _________ a new Porsche in 2005.
a) has bought
b) have bought
c) bought
17) Choose the correct answer.
1. He ..... there when he was a child.
has lived
lived
2. They ......... a few minutes ago.
left
have left
3. They ....... the contract last week.
finalised
have finalised
4. The film .......... yet.
hasn't started
didn't start
5. I ........ the project last night.
have finished
finished
6. Look- someone ....... their handbag in
the room.
left
has left
7. ............ to Rome?
Did you ever go
Have you ever been
8. I can't get into my house because I
........ my keys.
lost
have lost
9. Nobody ....... the phone when it rang.
answered
has answered
10. I ......... up smoking last year.
gave
have given
11. You can't see her because she .........
home.
has gone
went
12. ............... to the United States?
Did you ever go
Have you ever been
13. I never ......... my grandmother as she
died before I was born.
knew
have known
14. The first time we ......... was just the other
day.
spoke
have spoken
15. He's in hospital because he ............. a leg.
has broken
broke
16. I ........ from her lately.
haven't heard
didn't hear
17. I just ........ the time to go to the cinema
recently.
didn't have
haven't had
18. I ........ just Meg and Brian at the party.
have seen
saw
19. ......... to the concert on Friday?
Did you go
Have you been
20. He ......... yet.
hasn't arrived
didn't arrive
21. They ........... the contract yet.
didn't sign
haven't signed
22. The newspaper ......... very successful
lately.
hasn't been
wasn't
23. He ...... during the war.
died
has died
24. I ....... a taxi so I came on the bus.
haven't found
didn't find
25. John's nervous because he ..........
such a difficult test before.
has never taken
never took
26. My stereo ....... working last night.
stopped
has stopped
27. We ....... out on Saturday night.
haven't gone
didn't go
28. I ....... it last week.
bought
have bought
29. I .......... to water-ski in 1993.
learnt
have learnt
30. She ....... an absolute fortune last year.
has earned
earned
31. The weather ....... dreadful for the whole
two weeks we were there.
was
has been
32. No one ...... to do it yet.
has managed
managed
33. I ...... the dog for a walk because it was
raining.
haven't taken
didn't take
18) Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple?
1. "_____ you __________(book) your hotel room yet? "
"Well, I _______________(write) to the hotel last week but they _______________(not
answer) yet. "
2. "_____ you _______________(know) any English when you first _______________
(arrive) here? "
"No, I _______________(not know) a word. "
3. Yesterday Jim _______________(go) to the cinema.
4. The weather _______________(be) very bad this week.
5. Kitty _______________(do) a lot of work today.
6. Robert and Helga _______________(spend) their holidays in Scotland last year.
7. Mark _______________(begin) to learn German in 1993.
8. I _______________(catch) a bad cold last week.
9. My daughter _______________(win) a foreign scholarship.
10. My colleague _______________(exhibit) her paintings a fortnight ago.
11. "Have you ever been to Japan? "
"Yes, I _______________(go) there last summer. "
12. I _______________(not exceed) the speedlimit yet.
13. Franzi _______________(be) very tired yesterday, so she _______________(go) to bed
early.
14. "Diana, _______________ (you visit) the Royal Pavilion yet?"
"Yes, Ted. I _______________( already, be) there."
"Really! When _______________(you go) ?"
"I _______________(just see) it. I _______________(go) there yesterday!... No, I'm
joking. I _______________ (go) there two months ago."
19) Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Még nem ettem csigát.
2. Már jártam Afrikában.
3. Az utóbbi időben nem láttam a húgodat.
4. Most már eleget dolgoztunk!
5. Épp most nyeltem le egy gombot.
6. Amikor a film elkezdődött, Bob azonnal
elaludt.
7. Azt hiszem, elvesztettem a kulcsaimat.
8. Épp most láttam egy ufót.
9. Még soha nem találkoztam a pápával.
10. Rosszul vagyok. Húsz palacsintát ettem
meg.
11. Három hete írtam Tonynak, de még nem
válaszolt.
12. Reggeliztek már a gyerekek?
13. Volt már itt Joe?
14. Hazaért már Mary?
15. Kitakarítottátok már a szobátokat?
16. Láttál már falon pókot?
17. Miért mondtad ezt nekem?
18. Miért utazott el Alice?
19. Hol voltál tegnap?
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HASZNÁLATA II.
20) Fill in the sentences with ”since” or ”for”.
1. He has been in prison ... a year.
2. He has been very ill ... the last month.
3. I have been very patient for you ...
several years.
4. It has been very foggy ... early
morning.
5. I've been awake ... four o'clock.
6. They've had no gas ... the strike began.
7. He has been under water ... half an
hour.
8. I haven't seen them ...... ages.
9. I haven't seen him ...... last week.
10. He hasn't been able to work ...... the
last three weeks.
11. They've known about it ...... a long
time.
12. I haven't seen her ..... a fortnight.
13. They haven't been here ..... 1993.
14. He's been here ....... three o'clock.
15. There haven't been any wolves in
England ........ a long time.
16. The weather has been dreadful ......
October.
17. The film's been on at cinemas ........
Tuesday.
18. Nobody has been so close to breaking
the record ..... 1983.
19. ...... then, I haven't been able to sleep
well.
20. I haven't had such fun ....... the last
time we met.
21. I hadn't heard from them .... ages.
22. I haven't heard from them ..... I sent
them the letter.
23. She hasn't been here ...... a month.
24. It's the first time I've been here ....... the
accident.
25. I haven't been able to get a good night's
sleep ....... our daughter was born.
26. It is the first time I've had such a bad
fever ........ I was a child.
27. I've know her ........ ages.
28. It's been ........ last month.
21) Complete the sentences using the word in brackets. Use Present Perfect or Past Simple.
I _______(ring) but
nobody________(open)
the door yet.
We _____(not-have)
breakfast this morning we
___ (be) in a hurry.
___ you ____ (go) to
church last Sunday? No, I
___.
Mary _______(buy) a lot
of presents. I ________
(not-buy) anything yet.
He __________ (go-
already) to bed. He ___
(be) very tired.
When ________ (Peter -
go) to the beach?“
I______(buy) a car but
it______(break) down
last week.
I _____ (not-be) to the
disco nowadays. I _____
(go) there 2 years ago!
She ______ (not- have)
breakfast yet.
Somebody_______ (steal)
my car but police
_______ (already-find) it
„__________(you-ever-
drink) Absint?“ „ Yes,
I___ . I_____ (drink)
some at the last party.“
Leo_______(not-write) me
recently but yesterday
I______(receive) his
letter.
I _______ (be) twice to
the new bar but I
_____(not-be) satisfied!
She _____ (be) on a diet
last week but she ____
___(eat) 3sandwiches
today!
„When ________ (Peter-
get up) to work?“ „I don´t
know I _______(not-see)
him this week. “
„ ________ (they-go) on a
holiday?“ „No, they_____
They are at their
mother´s.“
22) Answer the questions.
Have you ever had difficulties doing your
homework?
What subject was it?
Why was it difficult?
Did you succeed?
Have you ever ridden a horse?
When was it?
Where was it?
How did you feel?
Why?
Have you ever found a four-leaf-clover?
When was it?
Where was it?
Did it bring you luck?
Have you ever cooked something delicious?
When was it?
What did you cook?
Why did you cook it?
Have you ever taken part in a race?
When was it?
How long was the race?
Who won?
How did you feel? Why?
What did you do with it?
Have you ever got a valentine card?
Who was it from?
What was it like?
Did you like it? Why?
How did you feel? Why?
KKKEEEYYY:::
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ALAKJA
1)
2)
1. Have you ever visited London?
2. Mary has never read a novel.
3. They have already finished.
4. Has she closed the door?
5. Mr Bean has travelled abroad.
6. Has it stopped snowing?
7. Mother has called you.
8. I have never tasted sushi.
9. We have worked hard.
10. Has Peter painted the wall?
3)
1. My parents have travelled to New York.
2. I have studied for the Math test.
3. Our grandparents haven’t written us lately.
4. Daisy has sent her sister a parcel.
5. Our teacher has taught the present perfect.
6. My sister and I have redecorated our bedroom.
7. My brother has won the game.
8. She has brought the cake.
9. Peter has published a book.
10. Jack has written five letters.
11. I have lost my umbrella.
12. Have you read this book? It’s very good.
13. She hasn’t phoned the travel agent.
14. My dog has eaten my sandwich.
15. They haven’t seen this film.
16. Kitty is happy because John has bought a beautiful fur coat for her.
17. Miss Dee phones the police because a thief has taken her jewellery.
18. The young man looks worried because he has forgotten the address of his hotel.
19. Jim looks tired and worried because he has spent the night at the police station.
20. The Browns are happy because they have got an invitation to Scotland.
4) She has selected the candidates for job
interviews.
She hasn’t invited the candidates for job
interviews.
She has ordered a bouquet for the boss’ wife.
She hasn’t ordered a plane ticket to
Copenhagen.
She hasn’t ordered stationery.
She has watered the plants in the office.
She hasn’t fed the boss’ fish.
She hasn’t arranged the reception for the company’s 20th
anniversary.
She has answered press enquiries.
She hasn’t sent the company car to service.
She has checked company share prices.
She has reminded the boss of merger negotiations.
She hasn’t reminded the boss to take his blood pressure
pills.
She has cancelled the meeting with Mrs Jones.
She hasn’t called the dentist for an appointment.
Infinitive Past
Participle
be been
break broken
cook cooked
do done
drink drunk
eat eaten
find found
give given
go gone
feel felt
Infinitive Past
Participle
have had
look looked
lose lost
make made
paint painted
play played
see seen
speak spoken
take taken
write written
5) 1. Robert has arrived!
2. Somebody has eaten my dinner.
3. Your mum has called you.
4. Charlie and Susan has got married.
5. Somebody has closed the door.
6. Harriet has missed the train.
7. Have you gone to the theatre?
8. Have you washed (/cleaned/brushed) your teeth?
9. Why have you called me?
10. What have you eaten?
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HASZNÁLATA I.
6)
1. I have already begun it.
2. I have already done it.
3. I have already found them.
4. I have already sat on it.
5. I have already told it to him.
6. I have already taken it.
7)
1. He hasn’t found it yet.
2. We haven’t read it yet.
3. Joe hasn’t been there yet.
4. The boy hasn’t had lunch yet.
5. I haven’t telephoned him yet.
6. She hasn’t come home yet.
8)
1. Daisy hasn’t phoned her mother yet. - Has Daisy
phoned her mother yet?
2. She hasn’t bought some books yet. - Has she
bought some books yet?
3. He hasn’t arrived yet. - Has he arrived yet?
4. Lucy and Paul haven’t left yet. – Have Lucy and
Paul left yet?
5. Charles hasn’t booked the hotel yet. - Has
Charles booked the hotel yet?
6. My dog hasn’t eaten yet. - Has my dog eaten yet.
7. We haven’t drunk coffee yet. - Have we drunk
coffee yet?
8. They haven’t cooked dinner yet. - Have they cooked
dinner yet?
9. You haven’t tasted the cake yet. - Have you tasted
the cake yet?
10. Susan hasn’t seen the film yet. - Has Susan seen the
film yet?
11. Mrs. Smith hasn’t watered the roses yet. - Has Mrs.
Smith watered the roses yet?
12. They haven’t won the lottery yet. - Have they won
the lottery yet?
9)
1. Have you done your homework yet?
2. She hasn’t seen him yet.
3. I have already sung in a pub.
4. Has he performed in a film yet?
5. I haven’t been to London yet.
6. They have already swum in the river.
7. It hasn’t rained yet.
8. Have you found your glasses yet?
9. She has already lost her keys.
10. Has James drawn the elephant yet?
11. I have already had a shower.
12. Spring hasn’t begun yet.
10)
1. He has just caught a fish.
2. He has just thrown a ball.
3. He has just come out of the water.
4. He has just fallen asleep.
5. He has just taken a picture of his wife.
6. They have just started a voyage.
7. He has just caught a hat.
8. She has just pitched a tent.
9. She has just jumped into the water.
10. She has just picked a bunch of flowers.
11. They have just arrived at the hotel.
12. She has just eaten a strawberry.
13. It has just start to rain.
14. It (/The bear) has just eaten some food.
15. She has just fallen.
16. She has just built a sandcastle.
17. She has just watered the carrots.
18. He has just got lost.
19. He has just put out the fire.
20. He has just made dinner.
11)
1. I have just done it.
2. I have already finished.
3. I have been ill recently.
4. I haven't done it yet.
5. Have you ever done it?
6. Have you seen her lately?
7. I haven't spoken to her recently.
8. I have seen her today.
9. Has it been done yet?
12)
1. c
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. c
7. a
13)
1. for
2. since
3. since
4. for
5. for
6. since
7. since
8. for
14)
1. since
2. since
3. for
4. since
5. since
6. for
7. since
15)
1. Have you ever read Hamlet? Yes, I have. I read it last month.
2. Has your mother ever visited New York? Yes, she has. She visited it three years ago.
3. Has he ever spoken to a film star? Yes he has. He spoke to one yesterday.
4. Have you ever seen the Mona Lisa? Yes, I have. I saw it last summer.
5. Have you ever met an English man? Yes, I have. I met one two months ago.
6. Has he ever eaten bananas? Yes, he has. He ate some a few days ago.
7. Have you ever driven a car? Yes, I have. I drove one last night.
8. Has he ever drunk tea with milk? Yes he has. He drank some in the morning.
16)
1. a
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. c
6. a
7. c
17)
1. lived
2. left
3. finalised
4. hasn't started
5. finished
6. has left
7. Have you ever been
8. have lost
9. answered
10. gave
11. has gone
12. Have you ever been
13. knew
14. spoke
15. has broken
16. haven't heard
17. haven't had
18. saw
19. Did you go
20. hasn't arrived
21. haven't signed
22. hasn't been
23. died
24. didn't find
25. has never taken
26. stopped
27. didn't go
28. bought
29. learnt
30. earned
31. was
32. has managed
33. didn't take
18)
1. "Have you booked your hotel room yet? "
2. "Well, I wrote to the hotel last week but they haven’t answered yet. "
3. "Did you know any English when you first arrived here? "
4. "No, I didn’t know a word. "
5. Yesterday Jim went to the cinema.
6. The weather has been very bad this week.
7. Kitty has done a lot of work today.
8. Robert and Helga spent their holidays in Scotland last year.
9. Mark began to learn German in 1993.
10. I caught a bad cold last week.
11. My daughter has won a foreign scholarship.
12. My colleague exhibited her paintings a fortnight ago.
13. "Have you ever been to Japan? "
14. "Yes, I went there last summer. "
15. I haven’t exceeded the speedlimit yet.
16. Franzi was very tired yesterday, so she went to bed early.
17. "Diana, have you visited the Royal Pavilion yet?"
18. "Yes, Ted. I have already been there."
19. "Really! When did you go?"
20. "I have just seen it. I went there yesterday!... No, I'm
21. joking. I went there two months ago."
19)
1. I haven’t eaten snails yet.
2. I”ve already been to Africa.
3. I haven’t seen your sister lately (/recently).
4. We’ve worked enough now!
5. I’ve just swallowed a button.
6. When the film started, Bob immediately fell asleep.
7. I think I’ve lost my keys.
8. I’ve just seen a UFO.
9. I’ve never met the Pope.
10. I’m sick. I’ve eaten twenty pancakes.
11. I wrote Tony three weeks ago but he hasn’t
answered yet.
12. Have the children had breakfast yet?
13. Has Joe been here yet?
14. Has Mary arrived home yet?
15. Have you cleaned your room yet?
16. Have you seen a spider on the wall yet?
17. Why have you told this to me?
18. Why has Alice travelled away?
19. Where were you yesterday?
A PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HASZNÁLATA II.
20)
1. for
2. since
3. for
4. since
5. since
6. since
7. for
8. for
9. since
10. for
11. for
12. for
13. since
14. since
15. for
16. since
17. since
18. since
19. since
20. since
21. for
22. since
23. for
24. since
25. since
26. since
27. for
28. since
21)
Mary has bought a lot of presents. I haven’t bought anything yet.
He has already gone to bed. He was very tired.
I haven’t been to the disco nowadays. I went there 2 years ago!
When did Peter go to the beach?“
We didn’t have breakfast this morning we were in a hurry.
Did you go to church last Sunday? No, I didn’t.
I bought a car but it broke down last week.
I have rung but nobody has opened the door yet.
„Have they gone on a holiday?“ „No, they haven’t. They are at their mother´s.“
I have been twice to the new bar but I wasn’t satisfied!
She was on a diet last week but she has eaten 3 sandwiches today!
„Have you ever drunk Absint?“ „ Yes, I have. I drank some at the last party.“
„When did Peter get up to work?“ „I don´t know I haven’t seen him this week. “
Leo hasn’t written me recently but yesterday I received his letter.
She hasn’t had breakfast yet.
Somebody has stolen my car but police has already found it