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Mission Operations in Mission Operations in Small Satellite ProjectsSmall Satellite Projects
Making Mission Operations EffectiveMaking Mission Operations Effective
J. BurkertJ. BurkertColorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant Consortium
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 22 of 13 of 13
IntroductionIntroduction
Need: Effective Mission OperationsNeed: Effective Mission Operations MotivationMotivation
Lessons Learned in 3CS, CX, and DINO Mission Lessons Learned in 3CS, CX, and DINO Mission OperationsOperations
ChallengesChallengesPersonnelPersonnel
TrainingTrainingExperienceExperienceTurn-overTurn-over
FundingFundingLittle or NoneLittle or None
Equipment & ToolsEquipment & ToolsNot Available, Poorly DesignedNot Available, Poorly Designed
ScheduleScheduleOrganizationOrganization
SolutionSolution:: The Road MapThe Road Map
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 33 of 13 of 13
Characteristics of Small Characteristics of Small SatellitesSatellites
Few ObjectivesFew ObjectivesEarth Observation and Tech DemosEarth Observation and Tech Demos
Little or no redundancyLittle or no redundancyNano- or micro-satellitesNano- or micro-satellites
Dedicated Ground System and PersonnelDedicated Ground System and PersonnelFew ground stations and personnelFew ground stations and personnel
Low priority operationsLow priority operationsMission is not crucial to major projectsMission is not crucial to major projects
Low tempo operationsLow tempo operationsLow data rate, few major activitiesLow data rate, few major activities
Little FundingLittle Funding~ $100,000~ $100,000
Short ScheduleShort Schedule~1 – 2 years~1 – 2 years
Small TeamSmall TeamFewer than 100 people Fewer than 100 people
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 44 of 13 of 13
MotivationMotivation Lessons from 3 CSGC MissionsLessons from 3 CSGC Missions
Citizen Explorer ICitizen Explorer I (Operations Team Lead)(Operations Team Lead)
Orbit: Sun-Synchronous at 705 kmOrbit: Sun-Synchronous at 705 kmScience: Ozone MeasurementScience: Ozone MeasurementStatus: Final Review in May 2005Status: Final Review in May 2005
3 Corner Sat3 Corner Sat (MCT Supervisor)(MCT Supervisor)
Orbit: ~ 200 km CircularOrbit: ~ 200 km CircularScience: ImagingScience: ImagingStatus: Lost on Launch (Dec 2004)Status: Lost on Launch (Dec 2004)
DINO DINO (Operations Team Lead) (Operations Team Lead)
Orbit: ~ISS OrbitOrbit: ~ISS OrbitScience: Tech Demo, Cloud TopographyScience: Tech Demo, Cloud TopographyStatus: No Longer FundedStatus: No Longer Funded
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 55 of 13 of 13
Lessons and Lessons and ChallengesChallenges
OrganizationOrganization Incomplete or incorrect taskingIncomplete or incorrect tasking
ScheduleSchedule Incomplete or NonexistentIncomplete or Nonexistent
PersonnelPersonnel Training – Decreases Productive TimeTraining – Decreases Productive Time Experience – Undergraduates or GraduatesExperience – Undergraduates or Graduates Turn-over – Workforce varies by Turn-over – Workforce varies by semestersemester
FundingFunding Scarce – Can’t hire experience Scarce – Can’t hire experience
Equipment & ToolsEquipment & ToolsNot AvailableNot AvailablePoorly DesignedPoorly Designed
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 66 of 13 of 13
Role of Mission Role of Mission OperationsOperations
Operational/Systems Level ViewpointOperational/Systems Level Viewpoint
Capability for Operational AnalysisCapability for Operational Analysis Concept DesignConcept Design
Operational Expectations Operational Expectations → Operational Objectives → → Operational Objectives → Operational Requirements → Spacecraft DesignOperational Requirements → Spacecraft Design
Mission PlanningMission PlanningHow Mission Objectives will be metHow Mission Objectives will be metWhen Objectives will be metWhen Objectives will be metWhat Objectives requireWhat Objectives requireCriteria for Objective SuccessCriteria for Objective Success
Evaluation of Project DeliverablesEvaluation of Project DeliverablesTakes place over entire project lifetimeTakes place over entire project lifetimeEvaluation of Subsystem hardware/software Evaluation of Subsystem hardware/software capabilitycapability
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 77 of 13 of 13
The Road MapThe Road Map Provides Clarity!Provides Clarity! Resolves Challenges:Resolves Challenges:
Aids in Other Challenges through Aids in Other Challenges through Anticipation of Issue:Anticipation of Issue:
OrganizationalOrganizational SchedulingScheduling
ResponsibilityResponsibility Project-long Schedule of Project-long Schedule of activityactivity
ObjectivesObjectives Deliverables Deadlines Deliverables Deadlines and Definitionsand Definitions
FunctionsFunctions
PersonnelPersonnel FundingFunding Equipment & Equipment & ToolsTools
TurnoverTurnover How much?How much? What is needed?What is needed?
TrainingTraining When?When? When is it needed?When is it needed?
ExperienceExperience For What?For What?
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 88 of 13 of 13
Road Map ComponentsRoad Map ComponentsProject PhasesProject Phases
ConceptionConceptionProject Concept DesignProject Concept DesignOperational ExpectationsOperational ExpectationsMission Objectives and RequirementsMission Objectives and Requirements
DesignDesignDetailed Subsystem DesignsDetailed Subsystem Designs
BuildBuildFabrication and Functional IntegrationFabrication and Functional Integration
TestTestRigorous Operational TestingRigorous Operational Testing
LaunchLaunchInitial InsertionInitial InsertionSpacecraft Certification for Nom. Ops.Spacecraft Certification for Nom. Ops.
Nominal OperationsNominal OperationsMeeting the Mission Objectives!Meeting the Mission Objectives!
End of LifeEnd of LifeSpacecraft DecommissioningSpacecraft Decommissioning
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 99 of 13 of 13
Road Map ComponentsRoad Map ComponentsMission Operations FunctionsMission Operations Functions
Responsibilities Inputs Outputs
1Systems Requirements
Specification
Devises and inspects Systems/Subsystems
Specs and Objectives
Project Expectations
Detailed Project/ Subsystem
Requirements and Mission Objectives
2Ground Software
DesignDevises GSW Design
Project Expectations
Detailed GSW Design
3 Mission Simulation
Ensuring that Subsystems Specs
yield functional product
Detailed Mission Specs
Operation-level analysis
4Failure Modes & Effects Analysis
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Subsystem design, System design
FMEA Documentation
& Implementation
5 Analytical Support
Providing systems-level analysis to other
subsystems for design and test
efforts
System/Subsystem Analysis Requests
Analysis Results
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 1010 of 13 of 13
Road Map ComponentsRoad Map Components Mission Operations Functions Mission Operations Functions (cont.)(cont.)
Responsibilities Inputs Outputs
6 Mission Planning
Operations Management,
detailed mission timelines
Normal Mission Operations
Requirements and System
Capabilities
Detailed Timelines,
Procedures & Resource Schedules
7Activity Planning &
DevelopmentGround and S/C
SchedulingAbnormal Situations
Certified and Tested Solutions
8 Mission ControlConsole Operations – Monitoring S/C H&S, Routine Maintenance
S/C and Simulator Telemetry, Command Requests
Daily S/C Status Reports, S/C Commands
9 Data ServicesGathering, Managing,
and Distributions Mission Data
S/C Telemetry, Mission Data
Products
Accessible Database of Telemetry,
Mission Data Products
10 Navigation S/C On-orbit Navigation
Navigation Requirements
Navigation Maneuvers
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 1111 of 13 of 13
Responsibilities Inputs Outputs
11 Attitude Control S/C On-orbit Attitude Control (as necessary)
S/C and Instrument
Pointing Requirements
Attitude Maneuvers
12Spacecraft & Payload
OperationsS/C-specific Bus and Payload Operations
Bus & Payload Engineering Data
Operations, Anomaly
Responses, Command Requests
13Mission Assurance &
Risk Mitigation
Meeting Objectives while Minimizing risk
to S/C
Proposed Activities and Improvements
Approval & Recommendations
14Operator Training &
Certification
Obtaining, Training, and Certifying Mission
Operators
Untrained Personnel
Certified Operators,
Training Materials, Certification
Critieria
Road Map ComponentsRoad Map Components Mission Operations Functions Mission Operations Functions (cont.)(cont.)
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 1212 of 13 of 13
Road Map ComponentsRoad Map ComponentsSchedule of FunctionsSchedule of Functions
Conception Design Build Test LaunchNominal
OperationsEnd of
Life
Systems Requirements Specification
X X
Ground Software Design X X
Mission Simulation X X X X X
Failure Modes & Effects Analysis
X X X X X
Analytical Support X X X X X X X
Mission Planning X X X X X X X
Activity Planning & Development
X X X X
Mission Control X X X X
Data Services X X X X
Navigation X X X X
Attitude Control X X X X
Spacecraft & Payload Operations
X X X X
Mission Assurance & Risk Mitigation
X X X X X X X
Operator Training & Certification
X X X X
J. BurkertJ. Burkert
Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSlide Slide 1313 of 13 of 13
ConclusionsConclusions
Identifiable Need for Clarity in the Role and Identifiable Need for Clarity in the Role and Function of Mission OperationsFunction of Mission Operations
Defined Objectives & Requirements allow:Defined Objectives & Requirements allow: Directed, Structured Directed, Structured AnalyticalAnalytical Effort Effort Directed, Structured Directed, Structured DesignDesign Effort Effort Determination of Mission Operations ScheduleDetermination of Mission Operations Schedule
Proper Schedule allows:Proper Schedule allows: EffectivenessEffectiveness EfficiencyEfficiency Anticipation of NeedsAnticipation of Needs
Mission Operations Functions Definition allow:Mission Operations Functions Definition allow: Clarity in role of Mission Operations in larger project over the Clarity in role of Mission Operations in larger project over the
project lifetimeproject lifetime