MLA Format!!!MLA Format!!!

What’s This For???What’s This For???

Plagiarism is a serious offense in the Plagiarism is a serious offense in the educational world.educational world.

In high school, you will either lose In high school, you will either lose significant marks, or be assigned a failing significant marks, or be assigned a failing grade, depending on the seriousness of grade, depending on the seriousness of the offense.the offense.

In university and college, you In university and college, you willwill face face expulsion if charged with plagiarism!expulsion if charged with plagiarism!

OK, so what do I do?OK, so what do I do?

First, determine which system your class First, determine which system your class uses.uses.

There are three major systems of There are three major systems of reference: MLA (Modern Language reference: MLA (Modern Language Association), APA (American Association), APA (American Psychological Association), and Chicago.Psychological Association), and Chicago.

For HUMANITIES courses, the majority For HUMANITIES courses, the majority use MLA. Learn it; Love it!use MLA. Learn it; Love it!

DocumentationDocumentation

MLA StyleMLA Style

APA StyleAPA Style

DocumentationDocumentation

MLA = Modern Languages Association MLA = Modern Languages Association (used in humanities, i.e. English)(used in humanities, i.e. English)

APA = American Psychological APA = American Psychological Association (used primarily for social Association (used primarily for social sciences)sciences)

Standard formatStandard format

Last name of author, first name. Last name of author, first name. Title Title of book italicizedof book italicized. City of publication: . City of publication: name of publisher, date of name of publisher, date of publication.publication.

Walker, Alice. Walker, Alice. The Color The Color PurplePurple. . Toronto: A Harvest Toronto: A Harvest Book Harcourt, Book Harcourt, Inc., 1982.Inc., 1982.

04/19/2304/19/23 77

Citing from an anthologyCiting from an anthology

To cite an anthology that was edited by To cite an anthology that was edited by someone else whose name appears on someone else whose name appears on the title pagethe title page

Conrad, Ronald, ed. Conrad, Ronald, ed. The Act of The Act of Writing.Writing. 44thth ed. Toronto: ed. Toronto: McGraw-McGraw-Hill Hill Ryerson Ltd., Ryerson Ltd., 1995.1995.

Citing Works in Citing Works in anthologies:anthologies:

Richler, Mordecai. “1944: The Richler, Mordecai. “1944: The Year Year I I Learned to Love a Learned to Love a German.” German.” The The Act Act of Writingof Writing. . Ed. Ronald Conrad. Ed. Ronald Conrad. 44thth ed. ed. Toronto: McGraw Hill Toronto: McGraw Hill Ryerson Ryerson Ltd., 1995. 142-Ltd., 1995. 142- 149.149.

When do I need to When do I need to reference?reference?

When you quote material VERBATIM.When you quote material VERBATIM. When you PARAPHRASE material.When you PARAPHRASE material. When you include STATISTICS or When you include STATISTICS or

findings from a survey or study.findings from a survey or study. When you incorporate facts, ideas and When you incorporate facts, ideas and

opinions that ARE NOT COMMON opinions that ARE NOT COMMON KNOWLEDGE (this one is a tricky one)KNOWLEDGE (this one is a tricky one)

How do I cite a source?How do I cite a source?

Whenever possible, MLA dictates that you Whenever possible, MLA dictates that you acknowledge your source with the author’s acknowledge your source with the author’s surname and page number(s).surname and page number(s).

If the author’s name is used within the If the author’s name is used within the sentence, only the page number(s) need to be sentence, only the page number(s) need to be cited.cited.

If the work has no page numbers, then you If the work has no page numbers, then you must cite the entire work (full title and author)must cite the entire work (full title and author)

ExamplesExamples

Blah blah Ackerman, “blah blah blah” (94).Blah blah Ackerman, “blah blah blah” (94). ““Blah blah blah blah blah” (Ackerman 94).Blah blah blah blah blah” (Ackerman 94). Blah blah blah blah bladiddly blah blah Blah blah blah blah bladiddly blah blah

(Ackerman and Morgenstern 103).(Ackerman and Morgenstern 103). Blah blim blam blooey (Jorgenson par. 21)Blah blim blam blooey (Jorgenson par. 21) Blah blah blah (Gardiner et al. 29-31)Blah blah blah (Gardiner et al. 29-31)

More citation typesMore citation types

If a work is part of a multi-volume set, the If a work is part of a multi-volume set, the volume number appears before the page, volume number appears before the page, i.e. (Smith 3:345)i.e. (Smith 3:345)

If the author is unknown, the full title can If the author is unknown, the full title can be used, or a shortened version of the be used, or a shortened version of the title, i.e. (The Dreams of a Century State title, i.e. (The Dreams of a Century State 99-103), 99-103), or or (Dreams 99-103)(Dreams 99-103)

STILL more citation STILL more citation types!types!

If you are citing more than one book by If you are citing more than one book by the same author, you must include the the same author, you must include the title as well within the parenthetical title as well within the parenthetical reference, i.e. (Jones, reference, i.e. (Jones, This Way OutThis Way Out 87), 87), (Jones, (Jones, Tomorrow CountryTomorrow Country 17). 17).

Rule of ThumbRule of Thumb

When in doubt, When in doubt,

CITE IT!CITE IT!

Works Cited (aka Works Cited (aka bibliography)bibliography)

General Form for BOOKS:General Form for BOOKS: Author. Author. Title of BookTitle of Book. City: Publisher, Date.. City: Publisher, Date. Example: Example: Coggins, Gordon. Coggins, Gordon. A Guide to Writing A Guide to Writing

Essays and Research PapersEssays and Research Papers. Toronto: . Toronto: Van Nostrand Runhold, 1977.Van Nostrand Runhold, 1977.

More works citedMore works cited

If there is more than one author, the first listed If there is more than one author, the first listed author’s name is reversed, as usual. The author’s name is reversed, as usual. The remaining authors may be written in normal remaining authors may be written in normal form.form.

Example: Example: Dorland, Michael, and Maurice Charland. Dorland, Michael, and Maurice Charland. Law, Law,

Rhetoric and Irony in the Formation of Rhetoric and Irony in the Formation of Canadian Civil CultureCanadian Civil Culture. Toronto: University . Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.of Toronto Press, 2002.

Other sourcesOther sources

Periodicals – General form: Periodicals – General form: Author’s name. “Article Title.” Author’s name. “Article Title.” Publication Publication

NameName volume.issue (year): page-range volume.issue (year): page-range If a periodical is not listed with volume If a periodical is not listed with volume

and issue, use the publication date and issue, use the publication date instead.instead.

Still more sources!!!!Still more sources!!!!

Electronic SourcesElectronic Sources Example: Example: Author’s Name. “Title of Document”. Author’s Name. “Title of Document”. Name of Name of

Print Publication if ApplicablePrint Publication if Applicable Date of print Date of print publication if applicable: page range if publication if applicable: page range if applicable. applicable. Title of WebsiteTitle of Website. Date of . Date of Electronic Publication. Name of Institution Electronic Publication. Name of Institution or Organization. Date of access <URL>or Organization. Date of access <URL>

Confused????Confused????

Electronic SourcesElectronic Sources

Entire Website – Entire Website – Civilization.caCivilization.ca 24 Jan, 24 Jan, 2007. Canadian Museum of Civilization 2007. Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. 6 Mar, 2007 Corporation. 6 Mar, 2007 http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/cmce.asp

Electronic SourcesElectronic Sources

Online Periodical – Lederberg, Joshua. Online Periodical – Lederberg, Joshua. “Infectious History”. “Infectious History”. ScienceScience 14 April 14 April 2000: 287-93. 2000: 287-93. Science MagazineScience Magazine. 2000. . 2000. American Association for the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 6 Mar, 2007 Advancement of Science. 6 Mar, 2007 <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol2<http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol288/issue5464/index.shtml>88/issue5464/index.shtml>

Piece of AdvicePiece of Advice

If you are EVER going to take a If you are EVER going to take a humanities course during university (and humanities course during university (and you all will, because you have to, you all will, because you have to, whether you like it or not), I HIGHLY whether you like it or not), I HIGHLY recommend purchasing the MLA recommend purchasing the MLA handbook. You can get a used copy for handbook. You can get a used copy for about $5. Best 5 bucks you ever spent.about $5. Best 5 bucks you ever spent.