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Mobileapplicationsforempoweringyouth:counteringthedarksideofICTsINITworkshop,12-13January2016

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Outline• ThedarksideofICTs• TheITU’sm-PoweringDevelopmentinitiative

• MobilesforempoweringyouthinPakistan– Education– Ruraldevelopment– ICTsforwomen– Politicalaction

• TheDarksideofmobiles

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TheDarkSide

http://cyberwarzone.com/guide-how-find-darknet-or-deepweb/

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TheDarkSide

• Surprisinghowlittlethisisdiscussedinmainstreaminternationalevents

• Uncertaintyoversize– Kadianakis andLoesing (2015)30,000unique

hiddenservices onTormakeupc.3.4%oftotal• Inpart,aresponsetoprivacyissues• Butalsoaplacetoconduct“different”kindsof

activity– “Illegal”commerce

• Butproblemsofdefining legality– Politicallydisruptive

• Oneperson’s“terrorist”isanotherperson’s“freedomfighter”

• Keyissuesagainrelatingtotherelationshipbetweenculture,citizensandstates

http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/Cyberterrorism-sized.jpg

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Terminologicalchaos…

https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/06/08/the-dark-web-deep-web-and-dark-net-terminology-hell/

By@Deku_shrub

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McAfeeInstitute,2015

http://insights.mcafeeinstitute.com/investigation-tips/the-ultimate-guide-to-the-deep-web-for-law-enforcement-professionals/

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TheSilkRoadanditssuccessors

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Turingphone:unhackable,unbreakable…

https://www.turingphone.com/

http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/you-can-now-reserve-the-unhackable-unbreakable-waterproof-turing-phone-723292

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Howdarkisdark?• SomedeeplyunpleasantusesofICTs– Butdependsmuchontheperspectivesadopted

• ThemoreIknow,themoremyviewshavechanged

• Howdowedealwith– Socialandsexualmaterial?– Humantraffickingandslavery?– Politicalrevolution?– Attempteddestructionofcriticalinfrastructure?

• Theimportanceofcreatingbothsocialandtechnicalresilience.

https://emilms.fema.gov/IS921/index.htm

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Transparencyandcapacity

• Needtobuildopennessandtransparencyonsecurityissues– Importanceofopenpublicdebate

• Realneedfortraining– Professionals–WiderpublicinsafeuseofInternet

• Digitalsecurityiseveryone’sresponsibility• Needfordialoguebetweengovernmentsandcitizens

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ITUm-PoweringDevelopmentInitiative

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Whyusemobilestoempowerdevelopment?• Only55%oftheworld’spopulationhaveaccesstomobileconnectivity–manymorepeopleneedtobeconnectedsothattheyhavethepotentialtoaccessthischannelanditsassociatedbenefits.

• FormanypeoplemobileistheonlyICTchannelthroughwhichtheycanaccessdigitalinformation.

• Thereisagrowingsetofresourcesavailableviamobile fordevelopment.

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Whyusemobilestoempowerdevelopment?• Mobilescanhaveaparticularadvantage

inaccessingmarginalisedgroups,includingwomen,remotecommunities,peoplewithdisabilities,refugeesandIDPs.

• MobilesareavitalpartofengagingeffectivelywiththeSDGs.

• Mobilesprovideuniqueopportunityforgatheringdataandknowledgefordevelopment throughrigorousmonitoringandevaluation

• Thescaleandavailabilityofmobilesmeansitispossibletorolloutdevelopmentinitiativeseffectivelyandatgoodvalue.

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Howtousemobilesforempoweringdevelopment• Championm-PoweringDevelopmentwithdecisionmakers

atthehighestlevel ofgovernment.• Ensurethatallrelevantgovernmentdepartmentsare

committed totheinitiative,andengagedatarelevantseniorlevel.

• Prioritisemeasuringimpactfromtheoutset toimprovetheeffectivenessofinvestments.

• Recognisethatcontextiscrucial – thereisnouniversallyapplicablesolutionorbestpractices.

• Prioritisecollaborationandintegrationacrosssectors.• Focusonidentifyingthewaysinwhichopportunitiescan

bescaledandsustainabilityensuredbydesigninginitiativesatscalefromtheiroriginalconception

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MobilesforempoweringyouthdevelopmentinPakistan

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Dramaticrecentexpansioninmobiles

CourtesyofChairofPTA

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Monthlygrowthinmobilesubscribers

1.903.063.69

4.735.77

7.689.07

10.3412.10

13.0312.7213.5014.61

15.77

18.0420.11

21.66

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

3G/4GSubscribers(Inm

illion)

CourtesyofChairofPTA

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Mobilecoverage

CourtesyofChairofPTA

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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)

http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html

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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)

http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html

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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)

http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html

Notelowusebyyouthunder20

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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)

http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html

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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)

http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html

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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)

http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html

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AlreadysomePakistanisuccessinappdevelopment

https://vim

eo.com

/74816763

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Pakistan– 268appdeveloperslistedbyAppfutura

https://www.appfutura.com/app-developers/pakistan

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Grappetite

https://grappetite.com/

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Mobilesandappsforempoweringyouthdevelopment

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Ineducation• Muchdebateoverm-learning– Balanceisinfavour– ButessentiallyatooltoaccessInternet,soneed3G

• Realchallengeoverilliteracyofmarginalised– Buttexttospeechhaspotential,anduseofvisualmedia

• Realfocusneedstobeonprovidingrelevantskills

• Importanceofinclusivity

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Ruraldevelopment

• Provisionofdigitalextensionservices– Goodpractices– Pestidentification

• Marketinformation• Inputprices• Butmanyprojectshavefailed• Needtoidentifyrealneedsofruralpeople

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ICTsforwomen

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ICTsforwomen

• ICTsareaccelerators– Soexacerbatesocialandeconomicinequalities

• Muchresearchhasshownrealchallengesinwomen’suseofICTsinPakistan– Especiallyinruralareas

• Butcanbeliberating– Permittingwomentoworkathome

• Thedarksideofcyberbullyingandsuicides

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TheexampleofdoctHERS

Potentialforextensionthroughmobiles

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ASK(Access,Service,Knowledge)onsexualhealth

http://www.youask.pk/

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Politicalactionamongyouth• Socialmediacreatingnewforumsforpoliticaldiscussion

• Newsmodelsofpoliticalorganisation• Oftenthreateningtooldelites– Turkishexample(Erdogan2013)• Elderlyruralpopulation• Youngurbanusersofsocialmedia

• Again,needforopendialogue• ExampleofAppgree

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Appgree

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Opennessandtransparencyingovernment

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ThedarksideofmobilesandempowermentOverandaboveaccesstotheDarkNet

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Counteringthedarkside• Mobilescandisempowerandincreaseinequality• Challenges– Propagationofunpleasantmaterial– Socialmediausedforcriminalviolence– Digitalbullying

• Usingexistinglegalinstruments– Developingnewlegislationwherenecessary– Powersofenforcement,andwilltoenforce

• Usingpositivemeanstospreadalternativemessages– Themostsuccessfulway– Needtochangethebehaviours givingrisetotheabuseoftechnology

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Discussionquestions

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1. WhatarethemainskillsneedsofyoungpeopletoenablethemtohelpbuildPakistan’sfuture?

2. Howcanmobiledevicesandapplicationsbesthelpdeveloptheseskills?

3. WhatneedstobedoneinPakistantohelpensurethatyoungpeoplecanindeedbeempoweredthroughtheuseofmobiles?