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Mobile Number Port
August, 2014
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.2
THIS PRESENTATION IS INTENDED TO OUTLINE OUR GENERAL
PRODUCT DIRECTION. IT IS INTENDED FOR INFORMATION
PURPOSES ONLY, AND MAY NOT BE INCORPORATED INTO ANY
CONTRACT. IT IS NOT A COMMITMENT TO DELIVER ANY
MATERIAL, CODE, OR FUNCTIONALITY, AND SHOULD NOT BE
RELIED UPON IN MAKING PURCHASING DECISIONS. THE
DEVELOPMENT, RELEASE, AND TIMING OF ANY FEATURES OR
FUNCTIONALITY DESCRIBED FOR ORACLE'S PRODUCTS
REMAINS AT THE SOLE DISCRETION OF ORACLE.
Safe Harbor
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.3
Agenda
MNP Concepts and Terminologies
MNP Global Status
MNP Overal Architecture
EAGLE 5 MNP
MNP Routing Option
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.4
MNP Concepts and Terminology
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.55 |
Wireless
Operator
A
Wireless
Operator
B
What is Number Portability?
PSTN
HLR HLR55 1010-7325 55 1010-7325
Subscriber changes Mobile Service Provider
while keeping its mobile number
Wireline
Operator
A
Wireline
Operator
BSSP SSP
55 5323-8970 55 5323-8970
Subscriber changes Wireline Service Provider
while keeping its telephone number
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.6
Number Portability Common Terminologies
The Directory Number (DN) is the telephone number entered when making a voice call or sending an SMS to a customer.
– In mobile networks DN=MSISDN
The Network that the customer is leaving is called the Donor network.
The Network that the customer is moving to is called the Recipient orSubscription network.
The Network that originating the call is called Originating Network
The Network that own the number is called Number Range Holder Network.
A Routing Number (RN) is a number assigned by a regulator to an operator to distinguish between different operators networks in the Portability environment.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.7
Key Participants in a NP Domain
How to route calls to the right subscription network?
Originating
Network
Transit
Network
Donor
Network
Recipient
Network Called
Subscriber
No longer
Serve the
Called Sub
Calling
Subscriber
• Donor Network: Previously owns the number
• Number Range Holder: Donor of the first porting, has been
assigned the number range (NDC) the number belongs to.
• Originating Network: Where call is originated
• Recipient Network: Where the subscriber is presently served
• Transit Network: Where signaling (possibly also the bearer
channel) is transported prior to arriving at recipient Network
Number
Range Holder
No longer
Serve the
Called Sub
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.8
Other important aspects
IMSI addresses (SIM cards) are not portable.
– Each ported subscriber gets a new SIM card from the
new subscription network
MNP allows porting of the number but not the service!
– Credits with the donor operator will be lost
– Some services may work different from one operator to
another, e.g. access to voice mail
– Some services may no longer work
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.9
Operator 1NP Database
De-Centralized Solution
Operator 2NP Database
Operator 3NP Database
Operator 4NP Database
Centralized Solution
NCH
NP Database
Operator 1 NP Database
N Operator 3 NP Database
Operator 2 NP Database
Operator 4 NP Database
Administrative Layer:De-Centralized Vs. Centralized
No central reference database
Synchronization dependent on each operator
Requires many connections between all operators
OK for indirect routing
Centralized reference database – Most countries
Third party manages database and distributes to all operators
Minimizes interconnections between operators
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.10
Number Porting Process – General Flow
Centralized
Number
Portability
Management
System
(CNPMS)
NP Order
RecipientOSSGW
1) Number PortOrder containing Authorization Info and Proposed Order Transfer Time
NP Order
Ne
goti
atio
nP
has
e
All LSMS in theCountry
5) Service Connect Notice to ALL
operators
Po
rtin
gP
has
e
2) NPO transferred to DNO
Activation Time commences
The subscriber applies for
Number Porting
DonorOSSGW
5) Service Connect Notification
5) Service Disconnect Request
Act
ivat
ion
P
has
e
Disconnect ConnectDonorOSSGW
RecipientOSSGW
The subscriber can switch the SIM Card
or Phone
ConfirmConfirm3) NP OrderConfirmation or Rejection
4) Number Port Order Approved and Order Transfer Time Confirmed
Informs the customer that the
Porting Time is confirmed
RecipientDonor
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.11
Number Porting Process – Scenarios
Various Scenarios
– Pre-validation (Optional)
– Submission
– Confirmation
– Rejection
– Cancellation
– Activation
– De-activation
– Routing Info Distribution
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.12
LSMS
Porting Activation Flow Control
Operators may worry that
their IT System and
Network will be
overloaded during the
Port Activation Window
Our strategies
– Port Activation Window(s)
configurable at the NPCH
– Subscribers select the Port
Activation Window
– NPCH allocates the orders
to the windows
12NPCH
OSSGW
LSMS
OSSGW
LSMS
CNPDB
Service ConnectService Disconnect
RN Broadcast
RN Broadcast
time
Activation Timeslot
1
Activation Timeslot
2
Activation Timeslot
3
Po
rt O
rder
s
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.13
13
Subscription Termination Process – General Flow
NRHN
OSSGW
Centralized
Number
Portability
Management
System
(CNPMS)
SN
OSSGW
3) Service
Disconnect
Notice to ALL
operators
Po
rtin
g
Ph
as
e
All LSMS in the
Country
Activation Time
Window
• A Ported Subscriber terminates his
service from the Subscription Network
• Subscription Network disconnects the
Number and retains the Number for X
days
1) Number Port
Order Termination
containing the
Subscriber
Number and
Termination Time
Number Return
Ne
go
tia
tio
n
Ph
as
e
2) Number
Returned to
the NRHN
Number Return
Subscription (Recipient)
Network
Number Range Holder
Network
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.14
Subscription Termination Process – Scenarios
Various Scenarios
– Submission
– Confirmation
– Rejection
– Routing Info Distribution
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.15
Other Number Portability Processes
Routing Information Distribution
– Real-time, Full DB, Partial DB
– The process to ensure everybody are in synchronous of the
Ported Number and RN Mapping
Subscription Suspension Process
– Optional process to terminate a subscriber if he does not pay after
ported out
– The subscriber can be a prepaid or postpaid
Optional Advanced Processes
– RN Audit, Active Reconciliation, Status Query, Down-time
Notification, Reversal, etc
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.16
MNP Global Status
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.17
Worldwide Number Portability Deployment Status
Fixed-Line NP Deployments
Mobile NP Deployments
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
France
Germany
US
Canada TaiwanSweden
Australia DenmarkUK
Hong Kong
UK
Holland
Iceland
Spain
Italy
Switzerland
Sweden
Australia
Denmark
Norway
Germany
Belgium
Portugal
France
US
Finland
Ireland
Greece
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.18
Worldwide Number Portability Timeline 2005 - 2012
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Dominican
Rep.
Ecuador
Fixed-Line NP Deployments
Mobile NP Deployments
Bahrain
Columbia
Dominican
Rep.
Ecuador
South Africa
TurkeyChile
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Slovenia SingaporeBrazil
Mexico
Croatia
Estonia
Latvia
Luxembourg
Malta
South Korea
Taiwan
Czech Rep.
Israel
Japan
Oman
Poland
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Canada
Egypt
New Zealand
Pakistan
Romania
Brazil
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Malaysia
Mexico
Singapore
Turkey
Argentina
Belarus
Cayman Is.
Chile
Honduras
Jordan
Peru
Thailand
(China)
South Africa
ThailandHong Kong
2010 2011 2012
India
Albania
Bahrain
Colombia
Ghana
Georgia
India
Kenya
Panama
Serbia
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.19
In the process Implementing
– Azerbaijan
– Moldova
– Nigeria
Vendor selection
– Bahamas
– Costa Rica
– Jamaica
– Tunisia
Activities of some kind
– Bangladesh
– Guatemala
– Indonesia
– Kazakhstan
– Philippines
– Russia
– Venezuela
– Vietnam
– Ukraine
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.20
MNP Architecture
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.21
NPCH
CNPDB
OSSGW
LSMS
QNPDB
IP C
on
nec
tivi
ty
Intr
anet
Central SideCNPMS
Operator SideNPGW
QNPDB SS7 / IP
Number Portability Administrative Architecture
Coordinate Number Portability Workflows
Centrally
Master Reference
Database of Routing Info.
Coordinate Number Portability Workflow within an operator
Receive Routing Info from the CNPDB and
provision the QNPDBs
Query Number Portability DB
e.g. HTTP, SOAP, ENUM, SIP, ITDB, …STP from partners
Optional Centralized Query Box
CNPMS – Centralized Number Portability Management System• NPCH – Number Portability Clearing House• CNPDB – Centralized Number Portability Database
NPGW – Number Portability Gateway• OSSGW – OSS Gateway• LSMS – Local Service Management SystemQNPDB – Query Number Portability Database
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.22
Administrative Infrastructure Overview
(Optional)Content
Providers
Operator Gateway(s)
Centralized NP Mgmt Sys
Operation
Centre (s)
Core Network
A. Mobile Operators
OSSGW
BSS/OSS
LSMS Live
NPDB
Vendor Specific Protocol(s)
Live
NPDBQueryNPDB
Console(s)
ACQ
Core Network
B. International GatewaysC. Fixed-line Operators
Vendor Specific Protocol(s)
Console(s)
LSMS Live
NPDBLive
NPDBQueryNPDB
API & Web
ACQ
QueryNPDB
QueryNPDB
Data
Data
Primary System
Disaster Recovery System
NPCH
NPCH
CNPDB
CNPDB
Sync
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.23
Signaling
Network
Signaling
Network
NPDB
MSC SMSC
NPDB
Network
Routing
Layer
Typical Signaling Architecture Components
Administrative
Layer
Management
System (LSMS)
Management
System (LSMS)
Inter-Network
SignalingNPDB
SMSCMSC
NPDB
Network
Routing
Layer
Centralized NP
Management
System
Operator N
Administrative
LayerManagement
Network
Operator 1
CNPDB
ISUP
SCCP
SIP
ENUM…
Provisioning &
Port process
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.24
EAGLE 5 MNP
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.25
EAGLE 5 - Database Features
MSC/
SSP
HLR NHLR 1…
DB
Eagle 5
– GSM Mobile Number portability (Voice, SMS and MMS)
G-Port – (GSM SRF based MNP)
– G-Port Circular Route Prevention
– Portability Check for MO SMS
– SMS MO NP
– SMS MT NP
– GSM Fixed Number portability
INP – (INAP Based Number Portability)
– Prepaid
IDP Relay – (MNP for Prepaid - GSM)
ATI Query
– ISUP NP
Triggerless Number Portability
– ATI Query
– ANSI Number Portability
A-Port (IS-41 SRF based MNP)
– NP Req (WIN Based Number Portability)
– ANSI NP Prepaid
Analyzed Info Relay – (MNP for Prepaid – IS-41)
– G-Flex – (IMSI or MSISDN Router)
– EIR – (Equipment Identity Register)
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.26
STP with integrated database functions
Other
Networks
Data
Provisioning
System
MSC
SSP
MSC
Signalling &
Network Intelligence
Layer
Base Station
SubscriberBSC
Subscriber
Eagle 5
DB
Eagle 5
DB
Eagle 5
DB
Eagle 5
DB
HLR SCP VMSC
Intelligent
Network
Layer
NP Portability
Status Exchange
with OLOs
e.g. via central
database
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.27
A database provisioning system that maintains a subscriber database for
support of query processing of the subscriber management and number
portability applications
EPAP interfaces with:
• A customer NP provisioning system if NPDB is to be administered directly by
the customer; or
• An LSMS if NPDB is to be administered by a centralized NP Administration
Centre
EAGLE 5 Provisioning Application Processor: EPAP
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.28
Database Replications
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.29
Database Capacity
• Up to 120M individual DN entries
• Up to 50,000 range DN entries
Throughput
• Supports 25+ Provisioning System Updates/sec
• Supports 250+ Provisioning System reads/sec
Support Multiple EAGLE 5s
• Automatic provisioning synchronization up to 12 EAGLE 5 nodes
EPAP Processing Capacity
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.30
Routing Options
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.31
Routing Options Indirect Routing (Onward Routing)
– Routing via number range holder
– Sometimes referred to as “Onward Routing”
– Operator database only holds imported and exported numbers
– Does not require All Call Query (ACQ)
Direct Routing
– Calls and MSUs are transferred directly from origination to subscription network without involvement of the Number Range Holder network
– Operator database need to hold all ported numbers
– Requires All Call Query
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.32
Indirect Routing
Originating network
ISUP IAM
Subscription network
NPDBNPDB
NPDB
Number Range
Holder network
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.33
4
3
2
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=MSISDN,
CgPA=GMSCA
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=HLRB or
MSISDN
CgPA=GMSCA
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
SRI ack (MSRN)
CdPA=GMSCA
CgPA=HLRA
5
IAM (MSRN)
If the subscriber number is part of the own number range and the number has not been ported, the call is handled inside the originating network
Direct, Indirect, Partially Direct Routing, Call to Own Number
Originating Network A =
Subscription Network
IAM (MSISDN)
1
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.34
If the subscriber number is not from the own number range, the originating network routes the call to the number range holder network
The range holder network performs a MNP check and routes the call back to the origination network
This effect is known as tromboning
Indirect Routing, Call to Ported-in Number
4
3
SRI (MSISDN)
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
Number Range Holder
Network
5 IAM (RN+MSISDN)
SRI ack
(MSRN=RN+MSISDN)
CdPA=GMSCB
CgPA=HLRB
Originating Network A =
Subscription Network
IAM (MSISDN)
1
8
7
6
SRI
((RN+)MSISDN)
SRI
(MSISDN)
HLRB
GMSCB
Eagle
5
G-Port
SRI ack
(MSRN=MSISDN)
IAM (MSRN)
2IAM (MSISDN)
9
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.35
If the subscriber number is not from the own number range, the originating network routes the call to the number range holder network
The Number Range Holder Network determines that it is the current subscription network and handles the call inside the network
Indirect Routing, Call to Non Ported Number
GMSCA
Number Range Holder Network =
Subscription Network
2
IAM (MSISDN)
Originating
Network A
IAM (MSISDN)
1
5
4
3SRI (MSISDN)
SRI (MSISDN)HLRB
GMSCB
Eagle
5
G-Port
SRI ack
(MSRN)
IAM
(MSRN)
6
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.36
5
8
7
6SRI
((RN+)MSISDN)
SRI (MSISDN)
HLRC
GMSCC
Eagle
5
G-Port
SRI ack
(MSRN)
IAM
(MSRN)
9GMSCA
4
3SRI (MSISDN)
HLRB
GMSCB
Eagle
5
G-Port
Number Range
Holder Network B
2
Subscription
Network C
IAM (MSISDN) IAM
(RN+MSISDN)
Indirect Routing, Call to Cross-Ported Number
Originatin
g
Network A
IAM
(MSISDN)
1
SRI ack
(MSRN=
RN+MSISDN)
If the subscriber number is not from the own number range, the originating network routes the call to the number range holder network
The Number Range Holder Network determines the current subscription network and forwards the call to the network
VMSCC
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.37
Direct Routing
Originating network Number Range
Holder network
ISUP IAM
Subscription network
NPDBNPDB
NPDB
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.38
4
3
2SRI (MSISDN)
SRI (MSISDN)
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
SRI ack
(MSRN)
5
IAM (MSRN)
The originating network performs a MNP check
If the subscriber number is an own customer, the call is handled inside the network
Direct Routing, Call to Ported-in Number
Originating Network A =
Subscription Network
IAM (MSISDN)
1VMSCA
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.39
The originating network performs a MNP check and determines the current subscription network
If the subscriber number is not an own customer, the call is routed to the subscription network
Direct Routing, Call to Non Ported Number
3
2SRI (MSISDN)
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
4
IAM (MSISDN)
SRI ack
(MSRN=MSISDN)
Originating
Network A
IAM (MSISDN)
1
7
6
5SRI (MSISDN)
SRI (MSISDN)HLRB
GMSCB
Eagle
5
G-Port
IAM
(MSRN)
8
Number Range Holder Network =
Subscription Network
SRI ack (MSRN)
VMSCB
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.40
The originating network performs a MNP check and determines the current subscription network
If the subscriber number is not an own customer, the call is routed to the subscription network
Direct Routing, Call to Cross-Ported Number
3
2SRI (MSISDN)
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
4
IAM (RN+MSISDN)
SRI ack
(MSRN=MSISDN)
Originating
Network A
IAM (MSISDN)
1
7
6
5SRI
((RN+)MSISDN)
SRI (MSISDN)
HLRB
GMSCB
Eagle
5
G-Port
SRI ack
(MSRN)
IAM
(MSRN)
8
Subscription Network B ≠
Number Range Holder Network
VMSCB
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.41
EAGLE5 signaling approach
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.42
NP Product Family
ITU Based NP solutions
– Inter-Carrier NP Solutions (Service Provider Portability)
GSM G-Port Mobile Number Portability (G-Port): applicable to the GSM networks.
ANSI-41 A-Port MNP (A-Port): applicable to TDMA/CDMA networks
INAP-based Number Portability (INP): applicable to GSM/IS41 network and/or ITU based fixed-line networks.
– Intra-Carrier NP Solution
IS41->GSM Migration: Support number portability
– when an operator migrate its TDMA/CDMA networks to GSM or vice-versa
– Triggerless NP Solution using ISUP
ISUP Triggerless NP (based on intercept of ISUP IAM)
North America NP solution
– Local Number Portability (LNP): applicable to North America fixed-line and wireless GSM, TDMA
and CDMA networks
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.43
Service Provider Portability deployed in GSM networks
Subscribers change operators while retaining their MSISDN numbers
Based on Signaling Relay Function (a triggerless solution) defined in 3GPP TS 23.066
Intercepts MAP messages already flowing in network, thus creating minimum disruption to existing deployed network elements
Requires GTT
–If a number is ported out and the message is call-related, G-Port acts as an “NP HLR,” by responding to the switch with a MAP SRI ACK message.
–If a number is non-ported or ported-in, G-Port performs an HLR translation and forwards the translated message to the destination HLR.
GSM Portability : G-Port
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.4444 |
MT to Non-ported or Imported Number
32
1
4
Recipient
Network
Originating
Network
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=MSISDN,
TT=SRI
CgPA=GMSCB
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=HLRB or
MSISDN
CgPA=GMSCBSRI ack (MSRN)
CdPA=GMSCB
CgPA=HLRB
IAM (MSRN) VMSCB
HLRB
G-Port
GMSCA
32
1
4
Recipient
Network
Originating
Network
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=MSISDN,
TT=SRI
CgPA=GMSCB
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=HLRB or
MSISDN
CgPA=GMSCBSRI ack (MSRN)
CdPA=GMSCB
CgPA=HLRB
IAM (MSRN) VMSCB
HLRB
G-Port
GMSCA
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.4545 |
MT to Ported Out Number
21
3
Recipient
Network
Originating
Network
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=MSISDN,
CgPA=GMSCASRI ack (RN + MSISDN)
CdPA=GMSCA
CgPA=G-Port_MNP
IAM
(RN+MSISDN)
GMSCB
G-Port
GMSCA
21
3
Recipient
Network
Originating
Network
SRI (MSISDN)
CdPA=MSISDN,
CgPA=GMSCASRI ack (RN + MSISDN)
CdPA=GMSCA
CgPA=G-Port_MNP
IAM
(RN+MSISDN)
GMSCB
G-Port
GMSCA
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.46
A Trigger Based Solution
EO/MSC needs to be IN-equipped to detect IN triggering so that IN queries can be sent to external
network nodes for NPDB lookup
Trigger detection can be initiated from an Originating, Transit, Donor, or Subscription network
NP Server performs NPDB lookup based on the Called Party Number populated in INAP IDP to
determine if the number is a ported number
– If exported subscriber, NP Server returns a routing number
– If non-ported or imported, NP server instructs the EO/MSC to handle the call as it is
Handling of non-call related messages is based on the SRF function as defined in 3GPP TS23.066
Supports “triggered” solution based on Intelligent Network Application Protocol (INAP) InitialDP
message (IDP), defined by ITU Series Q and Supplement 2
INAP-based Portability: INP
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.47
Supports “triggered” INAP (Intelligent Network Application Protocol), defined by ITU Q. Series of specifications on TCAP/IN as well as supplement 2
Handling of non-call related messages
EO/MSC needs to be IN-equipped to set IN trigger points to detect messages that require NPDB lookup
Trigger detection can be initiated from an Originating, Transit, Donor, or Subscription network
INP may be used for several purposes
– NP in Fixed Networks (Operator and Geographical NP)
– MNP database query in fixed networks for direct routing
– FNP database query in mobile networks for direct routing
– Call related scenario in MNP (ACQ, QoD, QoHR)
INAP – Feature highlight
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.48
Call Flow for IN Based Solution
EO/MSC
2. INAP IDP Query
3a. INAP Connect
3b. INAP Continue
For call related messages only
1. incoming call
EO/MSC receives an incoming call and detects an IN trigger
EO/MSC sends NP Server an INAP IDP to query routing instructions
NP Server performs NPDB lookup to determine if the called party is a ported
number:
3a. If ported, NP Servers returns an INAP Connect Message with Routing
Number
3b. If not ported, NP Server returns an INAP Continue (or a CONNECT) Message
to route the call as is
NP
ServerNPD
B
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.49
Triggerless ITU ISUP NP
Intercept ISUP IAM message and perform NPDB lookup to determine portability status of the Called
Party Number encoded in the IAM
Include portability information (RN or SubNet ID) in the IAM message prior to forwarding the message to
its intended destination
Sample Applications:
– Upon receipt the modified IAM message from the EAGLE 5, the recipient switch (e.g., MSC)
populate the portability information in an INAP IDP message when querying a prepaid node
– A recipient switch can redirect the modified IAM based on the portability information encoded in the
IAM message
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.50
Signaling approach in detail
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.51Tekelec Confidential51 I Tekelec. For What’s Next.
GSM Solution
Affected Services: Mobile Terminating Calls
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.52
INP Call to Non-ported (or Ported-in Number)
Return INAP Continue Message
3
IAM
Continue
Originating
Network
Terminating
Network
InitialDP 1 2
Switch Switch
NPDB
SSP could be
in a different
network
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.53
INP Call to Ported(-out) Number
3
IAM (RN+DN)
Connect
DRA = RN+DN
Originating
Network
Terminating
Network
1 2
Switch Switch
Return INAP Connect Message
Destination Routing Address (DRA) = RN+DN, Operator can
provision to send the RN only
NPDB
InitialDP
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.54
INP Call related scenario in MNP (ACQ)Call to Non-Ported Number
Eagle
5
INP
MSC
B
SRI (CdPA=B)
CONTINUE
IDP (CdPN=B)
A
SRI (MSRN).
HLR
• INP imposes an additional dialog, which increases
The call setup delay
the CPU usage at MSC
The required number of links, …
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G-Port MNP (call related) –Signalling Relay Function (SRF)
Eagle
5
G-Port
MSC
B
A
IAM (MSRN)
HLR
› The SRF based MNP solution uses existing SRI dialog
› The SRI message is relayed to the respective HLR for imported and own
subscribers
› Same principles may be applied to regular own subscribers
→ MSISDN based Flexible Routing is an integral part of G-Port
SRI (CdPA=B)
SRI (MSRN).
SRI (B)
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G-Port MNP (call related)Signalling Relay Function (SRF)
Eagle
5
G-Port
MSC
B
A
IAM (RN+B)
HLR
› The SRI message is answered (MAP termination function) if exported or non
ported
→ MSC should add MSRN to the CDRs to allow for differentiated billing
SRI (CdPa=B)
SRI (MSRN=RN+B)
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Call to a ported number –Query on ISUP Release
Eagle
5
G-Port1. IAM (CdPN=MSISDN)
Call is Released,
Number is
Ported to OLO
Call is routed
As if there is
No MNP
GMSCMSC
INP finds an entry,
which points to a OLO
and sends back a
CONNECT
2. IAM (CdPN=MSISDN)
GMSC
@OLO
3. REL (Cause=14)
MSC triggers
an IDP
4. IDP (CdPN=MSISDN)
5. CONNECT (DRA=NRN+MSISDN
MSC routes the call
To the respective OLO
HLR
6. IAM
(CdPN=NRN+MSISDN)
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INP – QoHR (Query on HLR Release)
Eagle
5
G-Port
MSC
B
A
IAM (RN+B)
HLR
SRI (CdPA=B)
Unknown Subscriber
CONNECT (DRA=RN+B)
IDP (CdPN=B)
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Summary Mobile Terminated Calls SRF is the preferred solution
– Least Intrusive
– Limited Overhead
– Implemented in numerous operators
Query on Release
– Very efficient and low overhead as long the number of ported subscribers is
low
– Issues:
Release with specific Release Cause Value may be a problem
Delay
– Has been implemented in Poland
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All digital networks
Triggerless ISUP based solutions
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Triggerless Number Portability How does it work?
– Eagle 5 intercepts ISUP IAM messages
– Extracts the CdPN
– Does a database search
– Prefixes the CdPN if the number is ported
Eagle
5
SAS
Switch
A
Transit
Switch
IAM (602123456)
IAM (RN 602123456)
IAM (RN 602123456)
Switch
@SN
602 123456
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Triggerless Number Portability Advantages
Does not require an additional dialog to resolve
number portability
– Low delay
– No additional CPU requirements at the switch
– No additional protocol requirements at the switch, e.g.
INAP
– Does not use up triggerpoints that may be required for
other applications
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Triggerless Number Portability Limitations
Eagle 5 cannot change the first leg of the bearer channel– I.e., calls may be routed via the number range holder (NRH) network
NRH does not have to perform NP database check
Possibly not allowed by regulation
Eagle
5
Switch
602 123456
A
Switch
@NRH
IAM (602123456)
IAM (RN 602123456)
IAM (RN 602123456)
Switch
@SN
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Triggerless Number Portability Possible Workaround: ISUP Loop
Route calls on a loop via the Eagle 5
– If the number is ported, a RN is inserted
– If the number is not ported, the IAM is routed back unchanged
Drawback: Increases the workload at the switch
Eagle
5
Switch
602 123456
A
Switch
@SN
IAM (602123456)
IAM (RN 602123456)
IAM (RN 602123456)
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Possible Workaround: Reroute on RELEASE
Route calls to the Eagle 5 ISS– If the number is ported, the Eagle 5 ISS returns a REL containing
the routing number and subscriber number in the redirection number parameter
– If the number is not ported, route the ISUP message to the next switch
Drawback: Some switches do not support this part of the ISUP specifications
In service in Mexico
Eagle
5
ISS
Switch
602 123456
A
Switch
@SN
IAM (602123456)
REL (RN 602123456)
IAM (RN 602123456)
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Possible Workaround: Combined Solution
Combined Triggered and Triggerless Solution
– Triggerless where you can
– Triggered where you have to
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Circular Route Prevention
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Circular Route Prevention Problem
– Circular routing can occur due to incorrect information in one or more of the number portability databases.
– For example, network A has the correct routing information, indicating that the subscriber now belongs to network B. But network B may have the incorrect (old) information, indicating that the subscriber belongs to network A.
Effects
– Calls are looped around between the donor and subscription networks
Solution
– G-Port Circular Route Prevention (SRF solution)
– TIF Circular Route Prevention (Triggerless ISUP solution)
– INP Circular Route Prevention (Triggered INAP solution)
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Network A determines Network B as the subscription network for a given MSISDN and forwards the call to it
Network B determines that the MSISDN is not an own subscriber and returns an error
On receipt of an SRI message. If a home RN is appended to the message; then the Eagle examines the DN before performing NPDB lookup as following:
– If DN is of a Ported-out number -> Circular Route conditions identified
– If DN is of a Ported-in number -> The Eagle relay the message to HLR
G-Port MNPPrevention of Circular Routing
3
2SRI (MSISDN)
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
4 IAM (RN+MSISDN)
SRI ack
(MSRN=MSISDN)
Originating
Network A
IAM (MSISDN)
1
HLRB
GMSCB
Network B
6
5
SRI ((RN+)MSISDN)
CdPA=RN+MSISDN,
CgPA=GMSCB
UDTS
Eagle
5
G-Port
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Network A determines Network B as the subscription network for a given MSISDN and forwards the call to it
Network B determines that the MSISDN is not an own subscriber releases the call
On receipt of an INAP IDP message. If a home RN is appended to the CdPN; then the Eagle examines the DN before performing NPDB lookup as following:
– If DN is of a Ported-out number -> Circular Route conditions identified
– If DN is of a Ported-in number -> The Eagle replies with CONNECT operation
INP Prevention of Circular Routing(In Network B)
3
2SRI (MSISDN)
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
4 IAM (RN+MSISDN)
SRI ack
(MSRN=MSISDN)
Originating
Network A
IAM (MSISDN)
1
HLRB
GMSCB
Network B
6
5
INAP IDP
CdPN=RN+MSISDN,
CgPA=GMSCB
INAP RELEASE CALL
Provisionable RCV
Eagle
5
INP
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Network A determines Network B as the subscription network for a given MSISDN and forwards the call to it
Network B determines that the MSISDN is not an own subscriber releases the call
On receipt of an ISUP IAM message. If a home RN is appended to the CdPN; then the Eagle examines the DN before performing NPDB lookup as following:
– If DN is of a Ported-out number -> Circular Route conditions identified
– If DN is of a Ported-in number -> The Eagle forwards the call to the GMSC
TIF NP Prevention of Circular Routing(In Network B)
3
2SRI (MSISDN)
HLRA
GMSCA
Eagle
5
G-Port
4 IAM (RN+MSISDN)
SRI ack
(MSRN=MSISDN)
Originating
Network A
IAM (MSISDN)
1
HLRB
GMSCB
Network B
Eagle
5
TIF
5 RELEASE
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GSM Solution
Affected Services: Prepaid
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MNP Effect on Prepaid
Main Problem: Differentiated On-Net/Off-Net Charging
Prepaid IN needs subscription network information in
real time
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Prepaid Considerations Signalling in a Portability environment is further complicated when
we consider Pre-paid subscribers
Before any call is originated for a Prepaid subscriber the IN SCP is checked to ensure that the caller has enough credit to make the call
This credit check is normally performed using an INAP or CAMEL query (IDP) to an SCP (IN Node)
It is common for network operators to charge different rates if a subscriber is calling another network subscriber.
In this instance the SCP must be able to determine the subscription network of B-number to apply the corresponding rate. This requires the NP status of the B-number be known by the SCP.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.75
Prepaid Number Portability Solution
There are 3 basic methods defined to provide the NP status to the
SCP: IDP Relay, SRI Query & ATI Query
IDP Relay involves sending the existing IDP dialogue via the NPDB
so that the B-number can be modified to include the NP status
ATI or SRI Query involve the Pre-paid SCP interrogating the NPDB to
determine the NP status after an IDP has been received
IDP Relay is the most efficient since it does not require additional
triggers on the SCP (i.e. no costly upgrade)
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Prepaid Credit Check
IDP Relay
ISUP IAM
NPDB
1
2
3
SRI or ATI Query
ISUP IAM
NPDB
2
1
4
3
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Mobile Originated call to a non-ported number or Imported OLO number
MSC Eagle
5
G-PortMSISDN
Eagle 5 ISS intercepts
the IDP and prefixes the
CdPNA 1. IDP (CdPN=MSISDN)
2. IDP (HLR-ID+MSISDN)
PP-
SCP
3. CONNECT (DRA=HLR-ID+MSISDN)
4. SRI (MSISDN=MSISDN)
HLR
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Mobile Originated call to a exported, foreign ported or non-ported OLO number
Eagle 5 ISS intercepts
the IDP and prefixes the
CdPN
1. IDP (CdPN=MSISDN)
2. IDP (CdPN=RN+MSISDN)
3. CONNECT (DRA=RN+MSISDN)
4. IAM (CdPN=RN+MSISDN)
The call is
setup to the
respective
network
operator
Eagle
5
G-Port
PP-
SCP
MSC
MSISDN
A
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ATI Interface at Eagle
Eagle can also provide an ATI interface for MNP Query
Depending on IN vendor and implementation the easier solution
– Standards based
– No dependencies on INAP or CAMEL interface
Could be used in addition to or instead of IDP Relay
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Ported-out or Cross-Ported subscriber
Eagle
5
G-Port
2. SRI_Ack
(MSRN=RN+MSISDN)
1. SRI
(CdPA=MSISDN, TT=9)
SCP
Originating
Network A
1. ATI
(MSISDN)
2. ATI_Rsp
(RN+MSISDN)
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Ported-in subscriber
Eagle
5
G-Port
2. SRI_Ack
(MSRN=HLR-Id+MSISDN)
1. SRI
(CdPA=MSISDN, TT=9)
SCP
Originating
Network A
1. ATI
(MSISDN)
2. ATI_Rsp
(HLR-Id+MSISDN)
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Non-ported own subscriber
Eagle
5
G-Port
2. SRI_Ack
(MSRN=MSISDN)
1. SRI
(CdPA=MSISDN, TT=9)
SCP
Originating
Network A
1. ATI
(MSISDN)
2. ATI_Rsp
(MSISDN)
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Non-ported foreign subscriber
Eagle
5
G-Port
2. SRI_Ack
(MSRN=Prefix+MSISDN)
1. SRI
(CdPA=MSISDN, TT=9)
SCP
Originating
Network A
1. ATI
(MSISDN)
2. ATI_Rsp
(Prefix+MSISDN)
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SMS & MMS
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Eagle
5
G-PortSMS to B
A
HLR
SRI_for SM (CdPA=B)
G-Port MNP (non-call related)
› Non-call related messages are relayed, e.g. HLR query for SMS delivery,
to the respective network element for imported and own subscribers
to the SCCP gateway at the respective operator if exported or non ported
SRI_for SM (CdPA=B)
SRI_for SM (CdPA=RN+B)
SCCP
GW
OLO
1. CdPN is own
Subscriber
2. CdPN is not own
subscriber
SMSC
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MNP Check for Mobile Originated SMS
Problem
– Ported out subscribers reprogram their handsets to continue using
previous operator Short Message Service Center
– Number range check does not work any more
Effects
– Revenue lost for the operator by providing the service without being able
to charge it
Solution
– Tekelec’s “MNP Check for Mobile Originated SMS” Solution
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Portability Check for Mobile Originated SMS
Protects own SMSCs from misuse
Avoids MNP database at the SMSCs
Eagle
5
G-Port
MSC
MO_FSM
A MO_FSM
MO_FSM
MAP Error
IF A is an own customer
Forward SMS to SMSC
IF A is not an own customer
Filter SMS and return error
SMSC
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ITU NP support for MO-SMS
› Protects own SMSC from misuse
› Allows for On-net/Off-net charging
› Avoids MNP database at the SMSCs
› Avoids additional dialog to dip NPDB
Eagle
5SMS
NP
MSC
MO_FSM
A
MO_FSM
MAP SM UI=RN+B
MO_FSM
MAP Error
IF A is an own customer
•Forward SMS to SMSC
•Prefix B-Number
IF A is not an
own customer
Filter SMS and
return error
SMSC
CR (RN+B)
SCP/
RI
Ack
SRI_for_SM (SCCP CdPA=RN+B,
MAP MSISDN=B)
SCCP
GW
OLO
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Portability Check for Mobile Originated SMS (HLR based)
MSC
MO_FSM
A MO_FSM
SRI_for_SM/ATI (A)
SMSC
CR (RN+B)
SCP/
RIHLR
Ack (A)
SRI_for_SM/ATI (B)
Ack (RN+B)
Ack
Two additional
database queries
If SRI_for_SM
Query is used, the
MSU may also have
to be relayed to the
respective
subscription network
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Q&A
Thank you
Contact me: [email protected]
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