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8/11/2019 mode2 webinar
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Welcome to:
Mode 2 Webinar
JP Norair
18 August 2010
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
About the Presenter
• JP Norair
! [email protected]! skype: jpnorair
! twitter: jpdash7
• Chair of DASH7 Technology Working Group
• Chief architect of Mode 2 spec
• Leader of OpenTag project(Open source DASH7 firmware stack)
• Day job: Developer and consultant for
products using DASH7 and related
technologies (signals & systems)
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Webinar Agenda
Introduction! Mission Statement
! Applications
! Design Philosophy
Technical Specs! Air Interface
! Data Interface
! Special Features
Use C! Powe
! Syste
! Partin
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Mission Statement
DASH7 Mode 2Shall be a holistic technology solution
Meeting market needs of the next ten yea
For extremely versatile wireless networkWith low power and light data requireme
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Mode 2 in a Nutshell
Mode 2
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Anna Cate Smith
DASH7’s Low Latency Uniquely Enables Message
Broadcasts or Multicasts) for Social Media, Mobile
Advertising and Other Apps for Things That Move
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Origins
Genesis Research & Design
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Research & Design Process
Outreach Working Group Technology Working Group
• Intelligent supply chain
• TPMS & other automotive
• Rights & entitlementmanagement
• Building automation &
smart energy
• Access Control
• Mobile Advertising
• etc.
• Low comm latency
• Event driven model
• Extreme low power• Excellent signal coverage
& propagation
• Ability to assess location
• Ability to use sensors
• etc.
• Yes, most of them!
• Emphasize:
- event driven
- “sessionless”
• Mo
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
The Power ScaleMode 2 beats the competition on power use
0 - 1 µW 1 - 10 µW 10 - 100 µW 0.1 - 1 mW 1 - 10 mW 10 - 100 mW 0.1 - 1 W 1
Runnin
3G Mod
RunningGPS chip
Upper limit for
energy harvesting
Upper limit for Multiyear battery
Li-Thionylself-discharge
Background
RF energy
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Achieving Low Power
• Like all DASH7 technology, Mode 2 is designed
from the start to run on cheap batteries for
years, or alternatively, energy harvesting.
• Avoid features that blow the power budget
! Mesh (worst offender)
! Fast Frequency Hopping
! Low SNR (high data rate, high power transmit)
• Find other ways to solve the problems
! Intrinsic Long Range / High SNR
! Don’t bother trying to figure a way to develop
low-power multihop/mesh. It has been
attempted for years without much success.
! Instead, focus on low latency.
Mode 2 was designed to ru
one of these for a long, long
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
DASH7 Alliance Introduction
• 50+ Companies
• 23 Countries
• 10 Working Groups
• 1 Global Frequency
• 1 ISO Standard
• 1
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
DASH7 Alliance 2010-2011 Calendar
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Agenda
Technical Specs
! Air Interface
! Data Interface
! Special Features
433 MHz
FSK / GFSK
Multichannel
28-200 kbps
Unicast &
Low L
Event-
Just 10 commands
No Application Profiles
Supports IPv6
Supports Crypto
256 byte
65 KB lon
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Mode 2 PHY Feature-rich, yet uniform in design
• Designed for optimized synthesis into HW
! Packet = Preamble, Sync Word, Data
! Single Bit period across entire packet
! Uses filtered FSK (nominally GFSK)
• Designed to support different regulatory
environments, dynamically.
! Configuration of Output Power
! Configuration of available channels (up to 8)
! Out of channel power limitations
• Basic PN9 encoding, and optional FEC for
cases when max SNR budget is important.
• Similar enough to Mode 1 PHY that devices
could reasonably support both old and new
modes.
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Mode 2 Transport ChannelsSupports Legacy Mode 1 PHY and Mode 2 Adjustable/Adaptable Data Rate
• Mode 2 devices su
physical channels,
• Physical channels
transport channels
• 216 kHz transport
• 432 kHz transport
• 432 kHz transport
• Control of which tr
device uses is thro
file system defaults
433.25MHz 433.50 433.75 434.00 434.25 434.50 434.75
-75
-50
-25
dB
1
Physical Channels
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I
.
.
Transport
Channel0E
Transport
Channel10
Transport
Channel03
TransportChannel
02
Above: some example transport channels.
The Mode 2 spec defines 19 transport channels.
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Revised MACWake-on, event-driven, and perfect for today’s digital RF SoC’s
• Wake-on design: ideal for asynchronous
communication in uncertain environments.
! Supports external events
(e.g. sensor alarms)
! CSMA method allows reasonably good
channel efficiency without high complexity
or recurring network handshakes.
! Synchronizer Packet method for power
efficient wakeup-request-respond
• Mostly session-less, but with:
! Filtering of adjacent networks
! Ad-hoc encoding opts. (crypto, FEC, etc)
! Data fragmentation is in protocol domain
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
What Exactly is Wake-on?
• Devices stay idle until some event occurs
• Returned data is never old/out-of-date
• Connectionless:
! Network synchronization is ad-hoc, not persistent
! Bursty data only: no multiplexed, streamed data
• Many kinds of wake-on events exist
! External triggers
! Internal triggers
! Active channel scan
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Mode 2 Wake-on EventsMode 2 wake-on events are all internal to the device, except for Synchronizer Detect
Timed Sequences
These events may be purely sequential or keyed onto a real-time-clock (e.g. “on the 8’s”)
“External” Events
Momentary events that are triggered instantaneously by the application
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
• Mode 2 contains configurable strings that dictate the time sequences for:
! Sleep state active channel scan sequence (usually a slow rate)
! “Hold” state active channel scan sequence (usually a faster rate)
! Beacon transmit sequence
• Some internal processes can use the same concept
• All sequences can be locked onto a real-time-clock scheduler, in which case the sequence do
until the real-time-clock trigger occurs (e.g. “on the 8’s”)
• Example sequence is shown below (active scan), scanning three channels every 2000 ms.
Timed Sequence Method
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
And now:
Data, Packets, and Protocol
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Packet Types
Fixed:6 bytes
up to
256 bytes
up to 65K255 frames of
256 bytes each
All frames contain CRC
Common packet str
one or more frames pe
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Basic Packet Dialogs“Session” is reduced to bare minimum
• Request with optional response/ACK
• Uses default settings of the given channel
! Encoding (configurable)
! Data rate (configurable)
! Crypto (configurable)
Request Response(s) Synchronizer Request
• Synchronizer packets initialize s
! Wakes responders
! Synchronizes listen period for
! Specifies encoding/data rate/
• Session ends when dialog ends
Passive Session (e.g. Beacon) Active Session
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Data Packet Dialogs An extension for bulk data transfer and encapsulating arbitrary protocols
Synchronizer(optional)
Handshake
• Protocol-based session
! May follow passive or active session
! ACK stage optional
• Handshake is managed with Mode 2 protocol
Data Frame commands
• Bulk transfer with no inherent protocol
! Batch data upload/download
! Arbitrary protocol encapsulation
! Over-the-air firmware update
• In order to maintain low complexity, there are
some limitations:
! Unicast or Anycast only
! No multihopping
Data Frame Sess
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Addressing/Routing TypesSupports all major routing and addressing types
Broadcast Unicast Multicast
Requests
Responses
Beacons
Long Data Packets
Basic Queries
Sequential Queries
Multihop routing
• • •
•
•
•
•
•
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Protocol Functionality
• Based mostly on search & transfer of UDB
Element data, which is kind of like XML
• Extra functionality (e.g. IPv6, sensor access)
can be managed through the UDB for
common operations or Data Packets for
complex operations.
UDB Data Access
Data Packet Handshaking
Crypto Key Exchange
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Mode 2 Data Design
• Ultra-lightweight File System
! UDB: for searchable, small data
! RDB: for unstructured, larger data
• Each file contains configurable file permissions
(i.e. root/admin/guest)
• UDB has features that allow storage of default settings
• RDB is for user data
!
Very uncomplicated! File size up to 65 KB
! Random access
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
UDB: Universal Data Block For configuration registers and small data
• Data Attributes
! Element size up to 255 bytes
! Up to 256 Elements (files)
! All data is searchable/query-able by multicast
! All data is readable/writeable
! Elements can also be read/written/queried in batch
• Typical Contents
! Standardized & Interoperable Configuration Data
! Standardized & Interoperable Application Data! User Data
• “Application Profiles” are merely UDB configuration
combinations.
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
UDB Configuration: Ridding WSN of Application Profiles
Giving a Mode 2 device new a
is like teaching someone kung fu — in
Same basic device, different mem
• Estimated stack size: 8 to 32 KB, dependingon total availability of features.
• 80% of feature-set for under 16 KB (est.)
• Stack is sufficiently compact that all Mode 2
devices can basically be the same, apart
from configuration.
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Mode 2 Device ClassesWay Beyond “tag & reader”
• Gateway
! Line power or rechargeable battery
! Near-zero latency
! Well-suited as a master controller for
routing, addressing, multihopping
• Subcontroller
! Rechargeable or non-rechargeable battery
! Typical worst case latency: 100 ms
!
Well-suited for aggregating data fromEndpoints and dumping to gateways
• Endpoint
! Multi-year battery or energy harvesting
! Typical worst case latency: 2 s
! Leaf node / Slave / Tag
Network Latency
P o w e r C o n s u m p t i o n Core featu
Differenc
class is in
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Agen
Use C
! Powe
! Syste
! Partin
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Chaos in Wireless Networks
• Mode 2 is designed to work incredibly well in
chaotic environments, although it can work well
in less chaotic environments, too.
• High Chaos
! Devices are moving around all the time
! Network gateways move, too
! Absolutely no way to maintain a connection
• WSN networks can be expensive to implement
with 802.15.4 because it is incapable of doingits job amidst chaos.
• Rethink how cost-effective your build-out can
be with a technology like DASH7 Mode 2
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
• In the next few slides, wireless networks are
diagrammed by the power of their components.
• High Power Components
• Fixed-location
• Multiple hours per battery charge, or no battery at all
• Medium Power Components
• Usually mobile
• Multiple days per battery charge
• Low Power Components
• Usually mobile
• Multiple years per battery charge.
Organizing IT Equipment by Power Use
circle: fixed
triangle: mobile
Supply Chain Network
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Supply-Chain Network Fixed Gateways, Mobile Devices: Medium-High Chaos
Day-to-day, devices
move into, out-of, and
within the network
• Military Sup
• Perishable M
Example App
Inventory Management Network
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Inventory Management Network Fixed Gateways and Devices: Low Chaos
• Possibility of devices
• Possible us
• Low netwo
• Water/irrig
• Tire pressu
• Lighting co
• Utilities mo
Example Ap
Attributes
Peer-to-Peer Real Time Location
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Peer-to-Peer Real Time LocationFixed and Mobile Devices, but Fixed Gateways Only: Medium Chaos
• Moderate to large network population
• Fixed devices provide location
capabilities to mobile devices.
• Moderate network turnover
• Building automation and access control
• Manufacturing, assembly, repair,
operations
• Fleet management
Example Applications
Attributes
Just-in-Time Networks™
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Just in Time NetworksMobile and Fixed Devices of Mixed Types: High Chaos.
• Moderate t
number of
• Mobile Rea
connection
• Mega ad-h
DASH7 dev
“the cloud”
gateway is
• Mobile adv
• “Social Wir
• Loyalty Pro
Example Ap
Attributes
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Parting Notes
Some RF Chips that Work Well with Mode 2
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Some RF Chips that Work Well with Mode 2There are many more on the way, too
ADF7023 CC1101 / CC430 SX1212 SX1230
Developer
Availability
Standard Data Rate
Turbo Data Rate
TX Filter support
RX Filter support
HW PHY support
RX Current (2.4V)
Analog TI Semtech Semtech
Q4 2010 Now Now Now
• • • •
• • •
• • •
• • • •
• • • •
13 mA 15 mA 2.5 mA 15 mA
Your Next Project Should use DASH7 Mode 2
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Your Next Project Should use DASH7 Mode 2 Yet Another Nail in the Coffin for 802.15.4 as a WSN Technology
• Mode 2
! Standardized
! Interoperable
! Open source
! Designed to meet and exceed market
requirements that took dozens of
companies years to collect.
• 802.15.4, ZigBee, 15.4g, etc.
! “Alphabet Soup” of non-comp
! Weak interoperability
! Largely closed source
! An academic exercise designe
understanding real market req
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Resources for Developers
What Where
OpenTag
HW Dev Kits
Product Testing
Open source firmware stack indevelopment for DASH7 Mode 2
sourceforge.net/opentag
Purchasable kits for starting
embedded design
www.ariradesign.com
www.ti.com/cc430 $
Interoperability and Compliancetesting & certification
dash7.org(via MetLabs)
Com Assoc
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Copyright © DASH7 Alliance
Questions