Modern Latin

America

By: Angie Martinez

•There were many reasons for The Latin American wars some reason being.. the race war, the ideology of independence, the controversy of separation versus union, boundary disputes, territorial conquests, caudilloism, resource wars, intra-class struggles, interventions caused by capitalism, and religious wars.

RACE WAR•Haitian War for Independence 1791-1803 •Diffrences between the white planters and affranchis (mixed blood) and the pure blacks. The blacks dominated•1791 all other citizens were given liberties by the French Revolution, except the affreanchis •In the early war some wealthy plantation owners escape from Haiti with their slaves, race spread which created conflict

 

IDEOLOGY OF INDEPENDENCE•Latin American wars for independence focused on political, economic, and social frustrations•Latin America class- Europeans being high class, less privileges to the American-born, pure-blooded whites, and the mestizos, Indians, and blacks•Americans had al kinds of frustrations one being politics. •Economic system favored the Peninsula people and lower the possibility for the people in the colonies •Mercantilism was an economic system that helped colonies •Trade was done only by Europeans in European ships•Others were heavily taxed•1775-1783 The American Revolution•1789-1799 The French Revolution•Both revolutions influenced Simon Bolivar of New Granada & Miguel Hidalgo of Mexico

•Spain went through some changes.. Carlos III, took the throne in 1759, tried to make new reforms that were not in the Spanish traditions or practices•People turned to Napoleon Bonaparte for help•Napoleon took advantage of the situation and forced Carlos to sign the Treaty of Bayonne- surrendering the throne to Napoleon •Napoleon invades Spain to put his brother Joseph on the throne•The legitimacy of these governments was not accepted in the Americas• 1791- 1824 Latin American wars for independence were fought•Spain had a dream of re-conquering what was lost- they invaded Mexico in 1829, reintroduce colonial rule in Santo Domingo in 1861, and fought Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador) in 1865-66

•Wars for territorial conquest were 1835-1848 The USA confrontations with Mexico & 1821-1856 British expansion in Central America •1858 President James Buchanan recommended to the U.S. Congress to take Mexico-Sonora and Chihuahua •Filibusters (armed expeditions of private citizens) invaded Mexico, Cuba, and Nicaragua more than once to take their territory•British government tried to block the US expansion and took Honduran and Nicaraguan•1864-1870 The War of the Triple Alliance was also due to territorial conquest lead by Francisco Solano LopezCAUDILLOISM•The desire to rule in order to satisfy one's ambitions has also led to war in Latin America•A few climbed to be "giants," the utterance of their names-Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna of Mexico and Justo Jose de Urquiza of Argentina•caudillos generally professed political ideologies•The most bloody were the French intervention in Mexico (1861-67) in support of the Mexican Conservatives and the Brazilian Civil War of 1893-94•The military advantage almost always rested with the more industrialized nation.

•The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was an outline a policy for intervention in Latin America to prevent a monarchic counter revolution against republican governments and avoid the expansion of European colonies in the New World•British, Irish, and French fought against Spain during the wars for independence• 1826-1828 Americans and British fought on both sides in war between United Provinces of Rio de la Plata and Brazil•French and Italians fought against Montevideo • Belgians and Austrians fought against Mexicans during the French intervention•Swiss, Germans, and Italians were volunteers and mercenaries in the Argentine army in the War of the Triple Alliance

•Zacatecas Mexico was once the silver capital of Mexico •Lazeno Cardenas promised land for the presents, the land was really worthless• Mexico became the main supplier for winter vegetables and food for the US•Most migrants went to the capital, Mexico City •Industry and commerce was in Mexico City •The country side became ghost towns and left the villages•70’s discovery of oil •Foreign capital went in to serve the middle class •Health and education was going to be bettered, neighborhoods would have water supplies•They had to ask the government for the supplies by forming group committees. They had to install it themselves •There was many migrants and not enough jobs, so people would make their own businesses to service the needs of the growing populations •When people sell on the streets they can make more money than by having a job earning minimum wage

•They wait around for contractors, they ask how much they pay… some pay $ 60-80 a week •Mexican cities that are close to the borders are the fastest growing cities•Foreign companies employee Mexican people to pay cheap labor •70% of Maquiladora workers are single women, they are able to handle the hard labor and women get paid less than men •Some people get paid .55 cents and hr.• At age 32 people are considered to be to old to work in a Maquila•Maquilador industry is the 2nd important form of foreign exchange •Zacatecas is one of the most depressed areas in Mexico •President Salinas passed a reform, which peasant protest •Poverty level is 60%, people don’t care to be 3 world county they just want to live in better conditions

Sport Star- Javier “Chicarito” Hernandez

•Birth Date: June 1, 1988•Born in: Guadalajara, Mexico •Height: 5ft. 9in.•Playing Position: Striker/ Forward •Now Playing for: Manchester United (#14) •Name on Jersey: nickname- Chicharito (small pea) • Nickname “Chicharito” was given to him because of his dad. He to played soccer and his eyes were green which resembled a pea•Has played for- Guadalajara 2006-2010 Manchester United 2010- (1st Mexican to do so)•He played for FIFA World Cup 2010 and for 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup •He scored 7 goals and was named the most valuable player in the Gold Cup's

•Hernández first played in a recreation league at the age of 7 •His father, Javier Hernández Gutiérrez, previously played in a Mexican international league as a striker•Hernández signed his 1st professional contract when he was 15•On 8 April 2010, Hernández agreed a deal to sign for Manchester United- transfer was made official July 1st •Chicharito became the top scoring Mexican in Premier League history … in his career he has scored 49 goals•On 8 April, Hernández was the PFA Young Player of the Year award •The goal against Chelsea made him the first player the 2001–02 season to score 20 goals for the club •Chicharito capped his debut season with Manchester United, receiving an award on July 2011, by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics "World Goalgetter 2011", with 13 goals, ahead of other players • FIFA's statistical showed Chicharito was the quickest player in World Cup 2010, reaching top speed of 32.15 km/k(19.88 mph)•Chicharito was the Gold Cup's top scorer with 7 goals and was named the most valuable player of the tournament