Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: Workbook

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ModernMANDARIN CHINESEGrammarWORKBOOK

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Routledge Modern GrammarsSeries concept and development Sarah Butler

Other books in the series:

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar by Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng MaISBN: HB 0-415-70009-4; PB 0-415-70010-8

Modern German Grammar, Second EditionModern German Grammar Workbook, Second Edition

Modern Spanish Grammar, Second EditionModern Spanish Grammar Workbook, Second Edition

Modern Italian Grammar, Second EditionModern Italian Grammar Workbook, Second Edition

Modern French Grammar, Second EditionModern French Grammar Workbook, Second Edition

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ModernMANDARINCHINESEGrammarWORKBOOKClaudia Ross,Jing-heng Sheng Ma andBaozhang He

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First published 2006

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2006 Claudia Ross, Jing-heng Sheng Ma and Baozhang He

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced

or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,

now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,

or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in

writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 10: 0-415-70011-6 (pbk)

ISBN 10: 0-203-79994-1 (ebk)

ISBN 13: 9-78-0-415-70011-5 (pbk)

ISBN 13: 9-78-0-203-79994-9 (ebk)

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledges

collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

v

Contents

Introduction ixHow to use this book xi

Part A Structures 1

1 Overview of pronunciation and Pinyinromanization 3

2 Syllable, meaning, and word 4

3 The Chinese writing system: an overview 5

4 Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence 7

5 Nouns 10

6 Numbers 11

7 Specifiers and demonstratives 15

8 Classifiers 17

9 Noun phrases 20

10 Adjectival verbs 24

11 Stative verbs 26

12 Modal verbs 28

13 Action verbs 31

14 Prepositions and prepositional phrases 33

15 Adverbs 36

16 Conjunctions 38

17 The passive 39

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Part B Situations and functions 41

18 Names, kinship terms, titles, and termsof address 43

19 Introductions 45

20 Greetings and goodbyes 47

21 Basic strategies for communication 49

22 Telecommunications and e-communications:telephones, the internet, beepers, and faxes 51

23 Negating information 53

24 Asking questions and replying to questions 55

25 Expressing identification, possession,and existence 61

26 Describing people, places, and things 64

27 Describing how actions are performed 66

28 Indicating result, conclusion, potential,and extent 69

29 Making comparisons 74

30 Talking about the present 79

31 Talking about habitual actions 82

32 Talking about the future 84

33 Indicating completion and talkingabout the past 87

34 Talking about change, new situations,and changing situations 92

35 Talking about duration and frequency 96

36 Expressing additional information 100

37 Expressing contrast 102

38 Expressing sequence 106

39 Expressing simultaneous situations 109

40 Expressing cause and effect or reasonand result 112

CONTENTS

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41 Expressing conditions 116

42 Expressing both, all, every, any, none,not any, and no matter how 118

43 Expressing location and distance 122

44 Talking about movement, directions, andmeans of transportation 125

45 Talking about clock time and calendar time 128

46 Expressing obligations and prohibitions 133

47 Expressing commands and permission 135

48 Expressing ability and possibility 138

49 Expressing desires, needs, preferences,and willingness 141

50 Expressing knowledge, advice, and opinions 143

51 Expressing fear, worry, anxiety, and bad news 146

52 Expressing speaker attitudes and perspectives 148

53 Topic, focus, and emphasis 150

54 Guest and host 155

55 Giving and responding to compliments 156

56 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction 158

57 Expressing gratitude and responding toexpressions of gratitude 160

58 Invitations, requests, and refusals 162

59 Expressing apologies, regrets, and sympathy 165

60 Expressing congratulations and good wishes 167

Answer key 169Index 261

Contents

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Introduction

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is a companion to ModernMandarin Chinese Grammar and is designed to help you to strengthen yourcommand of Mandarin Chinese. It can be used alongside a Chinese languagetextbook in a regular language program, or as review material for self study.The Answer Key at the end of the book allows you to check your answersas you work through the exercises. Exercises in the Workbook are graded interms of level of difficulty, making the book appropriate for near-beginners aswell as Mandarin learners at the advanced level in a high school or universityprogram. Instructions are written in English, and all exercises are presented insimplified and traditional characters and Pinyin romanization.

The Workbook focuses on the major structural patterns and communicationstrategies used in Mandarin Chinese. Exercises focusing on structure arepresented in Part A Structures and those focusing on communication arepresented in Part B Situations and functions. Since successful communicationis built in part on structural accuracy, there is overlap between the twosections. We recommend that as you work on situations and functions inPart B, you also practice the related structure exercises in Part A. For example,when working on Chapters 43 Expressing location and distance and 44Talking about movement, directions, and means of transportation, youshould also work through the structure exercises involving prepositions inPart A. Use the table of contents to find exercises for specific structures orgeneral communication tasks. Consult the Index for exercises focusing onspecific topics such as illness, or the weather, or reciting telephone numbers.Follow the cross-references to Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar forexplanations about structure and usage.

Chinese language study is an interesting journey. We hope that ModernMandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook and Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammarare helpful in your navigation, and wish you enjoyment and success as youdevelop your language skills.

Claudia RossJing-heng Sheng Ma

Baozhang HeDecember 2005

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How to use this book

We have written this book as a companion to Modern Mandarin ChineseGrammar to provide practice with the major structures and functions ofMandarin Chinese. Use it to strengthen your grammatical skills and yourability to communicate in Mandarin.

The presentation of material follows the order of presentation in ModernMandarin Chinese Grammar. You can work on the chapters in any order,selecting chapters that focus on the structures and functions that addressyour specific needs.

This Workbook is divided into two parts. Part A focuses on structures. If youwant to focus on basic structures such as the formation of numbers, or nounmodification, or the phrase order of the Mandarin sentence, you should selectexercises in Part A. Part A also includes some practice with Pinyinromanization, and some activities involving Chinese characters that will helpyou to use a Chinese dictionary. Part B, Situations and functions, focuses oncommunication. When you want to practice giving an opinion, or politelyrefusing a request, or talking about the past, you should select exercises fromPart B. You can work on related structures as you practice communicativetasks. For example, when practicing talking about the past you may wish toconsult the chapters on verbs in Part A.

The exercises in each chapter are graded according to level of difficulty.One star (*) exercises are the easiest and target discrete language structuresor functions. Two star (**) exercises are more challenging, and three star(***) exercises provide the greatest level of challenge in the book, typicallyfocusing on language functions and incorporating many differentgrammatical structures.

Each exercise in the Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is followedby one or more numbers indicating the section(s) of the Grammar in whichthe relevant structures or functions are discussed. For example, the number30.2 following an exercise indicates that the exercise targets the materialpresented in Chapter 30, section 2. You should study the presentation inthe Grammar before completing the relevant activities in the Workbook.

This Workbook includes an alphabetical Index to help you to locate exercisesthat focus on particular structures or functions. The numbers following eachitem in the Index indicate the sections of the Workbook in which activitiesare presented.

Finally, an Answer Key is provided at the end of the book. Check the answerkey only after you have completed each activity!

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Part A

Structures

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STRUCTURES

3

1Overview of pronunciationand Pinyin romanization

1 Put the tone mark over the appropriate vowel.

a. xian (1) e. tou (2)b. bie (2) f. huai (4)c. xuan (3) g. chui (1)d. yue (4) h. zao (3)

1.2.12 Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate the changed tones in

natural speech.

Example: nm hko n hko

a. Xiao Lcb. we ba yczic. Nc ydu gdu ma?d. Wd hbn hao.e. Tf yb xiang mai bc.f. wd xiang mai shj.g. Tf ydu jie g pngyou.h. weshwe bbn shj

1.1.33 Correct the Pinyin spelling for each of the following words and syllables.

a. kwai f. eb. uan g. shueshengc. pengyow h. jungguod. quian i. hsiaoe. dwo j. iao

1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2.2

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STRUCTURES

2Syllable, meaning, and word

1 Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate the changed tones innatural speech.

Example: yr tio y tio

a. yh tio l f. yh g rnb. b ti gu g. yh sh hufrc. yh kui qin h. yh hngd. yh mn k i. yh b dinycnge. yh sud fngzi j. b cu

2.3

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3The Chinese writing system:an overview

1 Using a traditional character dictionary as your reference, circle the radical ineach of the following characters.

Example:

a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e.

3.2.12 Using a simplified character dictionary as your reference, circle the radical in

each of the following characters.

a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e.

3.2.13 Indicate the total number of strokes in each of the following characters.

Example: = 7

a. e. b. f. c. g. d.

3.4

6

STRUCTURES

4 Consult a dictionary to find the simplified character that corresponds to eachof the following traditional characters. Write each simplified character besidethe corresponding traditional character.

Example: =

a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e. j.

3.15 Look up the following characters in a dictionary and identify the shared

pronunciation in each group. Arrange the characters according to theircommon phonetic.

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5

3.2.2

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4Phrase order in theMandarin sentence

1 Underline the main verb and bracket the main nouns (the ones that serve assubject and direct object) in the following Mandarin sentences.

Example: []==[]=[ ][] [] [ ][Tp] gli [wn] [yr bln sht].[He] gave (gives) [me] [one book].

a. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(

Wd zutifn ggn pngyou chh le wefn.Yesterday I ate lunch with friends.

b. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Wd de ddi mbitifn kn dinsh.My younger brother watches television every day.

c. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(

Zhinggu de dxushgng yb shng wang ma?Do Chinese university students also surf the web?

d. !"#$%&'!( !"#$%&'!(

Chng lc de shjdin ydu hbn dui wigu shj.The bookstore in the city has a lot of foreign books.

e. !"#$%&'()*+ !"#$%&'()*+

Wd jhntifn xiwe zi gingyun de mnkdu dbng nc.Ill wait for you at the park gate this afternoon.

4.1

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STRUCTURES

2 Underline the prepositional phrases in the following Mandarin sentences.

Example: !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Tp gqn tp de nu pngyou chr wknfn.He eats dinner with his girlfriend.

a. !"#$ !"#$

Wd gbi nainai xib le xn.I wrote a letter to my grandma.

b. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'

Wd du xhnlcxu hbn ydu xngq.I am very interested in psychology.

c. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'

Wd hbn xchuan ggn pngyou q wn.I really like to go out with my friends.

d. !"#$%& '()*+ !"#$%& '()*+

Yoshi nc mng, wd kyc t nc zu zh jin sh.If you are busy I can do that for you.

e. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'

Nc shnme shhu do wd jif li?When are you coming to my house?

4.33 The following sentences and phrases include time when expressions,

location expressions, and prepositional phrases. Rewrite the Mandarinsentences, putting the phrases in the correct order to convey the meaningsin the English translations.

a. !"#$%!&' !"#$%!&'

Wd xu le Zhingwn qnin zi Zhinggu.I studied Chinese last year in China.

b. !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*

Mbitifn diu wd pngdo tf zi xusheng zhingxhn.I run into him every day in the student center.

c. !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*

Nc xiang jihjn ggn shnme yng de rn jifngli?What kind of person do you plan to marry in the future?

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d. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()

Tf da le dinhu zutifn wanshang gbi wd.Last night he phoned me.

e. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()

Ggn tf tf qcng wd q kn dinycng lcbi li.He invited me to go see a movie with him on Saturday.

4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6

Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence

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STRUCTURES

5Nouns

1 Complete these sentences with the appropriate pronouns to match theEnglish translations.

a. __________ !"#$%&'(__________ !"#$%&'(__________ dbi xiang bnfa jibju zhge wnt.We should think of a way to solve this problem.

b. __________ __________ __________ __________ !__________ xiang qcng __________ chh wanfn.We want to invite you to dinner.

c. __________ !"#$%&'__________ !"#$%&'__________ de ssh l tshjguan hbn jn.Her dorm is close to the library.

d. __________ ! ____________________ __________ __________ __________ !=____________________ __________ __________ __________ yhnggfi bfngzh _________ . _________ sh_________ _________ de ddi.You should help him. He is your own younger brother.

e. __________ __________ Zh sh __________ de shj.These are my books.

5.2

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6Numbers

1 Write these numbers in Chinese.

Example: 72 a. 6 e. 23b. 15 f. 84c. 11 g. 55d. 36 h. 97

6.12 Rewrite these phone numbers in Chinese characters and Pinyin.

a. 6505-7823 d. 032-457-7639b. 781-283-2191 e. 852-2609-5498c. 911 f. 8529-6688

6.1.13 Fill in the blank with r or / likng as appropriate.

a. __________ f. __________ __________

__________ ba yc zi __________ g xhng qhtwo chairs two weeks

b. __________ g. __________ __________ sh __________ zhfng zhuizi __________ g yutwelve tables two months

c. __________ ! h. __________ __________ !__________ sh g xu shgng __________ ctwenty students two times

d. __________ i. __________ __________

__________ tifn lng dian __________two days 0.2

e. __________ j. __________ !__________ !

__________ nin __________ sfn bai kui qintwo years two or three hundred dollars

6.1

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STRUCTURES

4 Complete the table by writing the Arabic numerals in Chinese and theChinese numbers as Arabic numerals.

Arabic numerals Chinese numbers

a. 1,276b. !"#$%

!"#$%

sfnwn weqifn libai sfnshsc. 256,758d. !"

!"

jiebai li sh wne. 1,893,683f. 3,027g. !"#

!"#

sfnsh qh wn lng sfnsh weh. 279,005i. !"#$ %

!"#$ %

sfnbai lng qh wn jieqifn lng yhj. !"#$% &"

!"#$% &"

liqifn libai rsh wn jieqifn sfnbai bfsh

6.2

5 Complete the table by adding the corresponding ordinal numbers in Englishand Mandarin.

English ordinal Mandarin ordinal

a. 20thb.

d jiec. 3rdd.

d shqhe.

d yhf. 12thg. 48thh. !

d sfnshli

6.4

13

6 Complete the table, expressing the Mandarin phrases in English and theEnglish phrases in Mandarin.

English Chinese

a. 50 more or lessb. !

!

liang bai ycxic. almost 100d. !"

!"

liang sfn g xushenge. nine or ten studentsf. less than 10g. !

wesh ycshngh. more than a month

6.57 Complete the table by adding the corresponding fractions and percentages in

Mandarin and English.

English Mandarin

a. 5/8b. !

sfn fgn zhhyhc. .75d. !"

bai fgn zhh sfnshe. 8.33f.

lng dian lng lng sfng. 4/5h. !

qh fgn zhh yh

6.68 Put bn in the right location in each phrase to express the

English meaning.

Example: 31/2 minutes spn fqn bn

a. 91/2 hours [/ zhingtu hour]b. 11/2 cups of coffee [ kffgi coffee; / bgi cup]c. 1/2 month [ yu month]

Numbers

14

STRUCTURES

d. 11/2 monthse. 1/2 year [ nin year]f. 31/2 yearsg. 1/2 bookh. 21/2 semesters [/ xuqh semester]i. 31/2 bowls of rice [ wan bowl]j. 1/2 glass of beer [ pjie beer]

6.6.49 Here is the original price and the discount. Compute the final price.

Example: 100 yun 1 zh 10 yun

Original price Discount Final price

a. 30 yun 9 zh

b. 160 yun 8 zh

c. 80 yun 5 zh

d. 500 yun 2 zh

e. 1000 yun 7.5 zh

f. 24000 yun 6 zh

6.6.6

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7Specifiers anddemonstratives

1 Fill in each blank with a specifier from the following list to complete eachsentence according to its English translation.

/ zh, / zhr, / zhlm n, / nr, /=nlm/ nkr, / nlm

a. __________ !__________ !__________ sh wd de, __________ sh nc de.This is mine, that is yours.

b. ! __________ Nc zhium q __________ le?Where did you go this weekend?

c. !"#$%& __________ !"#$%& __________ Nc zhhdo wd de Zhingwn shj zi __________ ma?Do you know where my Chinese book is?

d. __________ !"#$%&'()*__________ !"#$%&'()*__________ sh wd jhntifn mai de zdian, hbn b cu.This is the dictionary I bought today. Its not bad.

e. ! __________ !"#$%&' ! __________ !"#$%&'Qcng wn, zi __________ kyc maido Zhingguo de yupio?Excuse me, where can you buy stamps for China?

f. !"#$%&' __________ !" !"#$%&' __________ !"Xi k ychu wdmen diu q xiao Zhfng __________, nc q ma?After class we are all going to Xiao Zhangs. Are you going?

g. __________ !"#$%!&'()*+,__________ !"#$%!&'()*+,__________ hbn fnjng, dffng yb hbn d, nc kyc bfnguli.It is very peaceful here and also spacious. You can move in.

16

STRUCTURES

h. __________ !"#$%& __________ __________ !"#$%& __________ __________ sh shi de dinnao? Zbnme fng zi __________ le?Whose computer is this? Why is it here?

i. __________ __________ !"#$ __________ ! __________ __________ !"#$ __________ !Nc __________ bc wd __________ fnjng. Wdmen q nc __________ xux ba.Your place is more peaceful than mine. Lets go to your place to study.

j. !"#$ __________ __________ !"#$ __________ __________ Qcng wn, tshjguan zi __________, l __________ yuan ma?Excuse me, where is the library? Is it far from here?

7

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8Classifiers

1 Rewrite these noun phrases, putting the specifiers, numbers, classifiers, andnouns in the correct order.

Example: !" !" !" !"n xusheng spn g n spn g xusheng

a. !"

!"

zh zhuizi liang zhfngthese two desks

b. !" !"

zh jioshu sfn withese three professors

c. !" !"

liang shufng n xizithose two pairs of shoes

d. !"pjie n png sthose four bottles of beer

e. !"# !"#

n Zhingwn sfn bbn shjthose three Chinese books

f. !" !"

moyh zh jin liangthese two sweaters

g. !"#$ !"#$

zh liang g xusheng Yhngguthese two English students

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STRUCTURES

h. !"# !"#

s wnxu n k mnthose four literature classes

8.12 Select the appropriate classifier from the following list to complete each of the

following noun phrases.

/ zhpng, jin, bk, / g, / tio, zhr, bln

a. __________ [notebook]yh __________ bbnzi

b. __________ [river] __________ liang __________ h

c. __________ __________ sfn __________ Mbigu rn

d. __________ [chair]s __________ yczi

e. __________ [table] __________ liang __________ zhuizi

f. __________ [photograph]sh __________ zhopin

g. __________ [ pencil] __________ sfn __________ qifnbc

h. __________ [clothing]yh __________ yhf

i. __________ [trousers] __________ yh __________ kzi

j. __________ [dictionary]yh __________ zdian

8.23 Rewrite these prices in Chinese.

Example: $34.56 !"#$ !"#$spnshs kui wo mo li

a. $13,459 d. $450.02b. $2,850 e. $1,222c. $.75 f. $96.457.45

6, 8.5

19

4 4 Rewrite these prices in Arabic numerals.

Example: !"#$ $34.56 !"#$spnshs kui wo mo li

a. !"#$ !"#$jieshsfn kui bf mo yh

b. !"#$ !s sh we kui lng sfn fgn

c. bf kui yh

d. !"#$% !"#$%liang qifn qh bai lng sfn kui qin

e. !"li kui lng jie fgn

f. li mo li fgn

8.5

Classifiers

20

STRUCTURES

9Noun phrases

1 Insert de following each modifier in these noun phrases where possible.

Example: !" !"#wn pngyou xiognu wn de pngyou de xiognumy friends puppy

a. ! !

zh sfn bbn shjthese three books

b. !"#$% !"#$%

we bbn hbn ydu ysh xiaoshuifive very interesting novels

c. !"#$% !"#$%

we zhfng hbn pinyi fgijh piofive very cheap airplane tickets

d. !"# !"#

n tio lns kzithat pair of blue trousers

e. !" !"

n mn Zhingwn kthat Chinese class

f. !"#$%n li ba hbn pioliang yczithose six pretty chairs

g. !"#$%& !"#$%&

yh png wesh kui qin ptao jieone $50 bottle of wine

9.1, 9.2

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2 Put these words in the correct order to form Mandarin noun phrases thatexpress the English translations.

a. !"# !"#

we qifnbc wd zhh demy five pencils

b. !"# !"#

wd de pngyou yh ga friend of mine

c. !"# !"#

liang g tf de tngxutwo classmates of his

d. !"#$

!"#$

sfn wi de laoshh wdmenour three teachers

e. !"

!"

s bbn shj wd demy four books

f. !"#

yczi n ba tf dethat chair of his

g. !"#$%

!"#$%

n7 hizi de xchuan l7yua girl who likes to travel

h. !"#$%

!"#$%

liang zhfng fgijh pio de hbn gutwo expensive airplane tickets

i. !"#$%&

!"#$%&

n wi de hbn gfo laoshh Dwnthat tall German language teacher

j. !" #

hbn hao de pngyou de wda good friend of mine

Noun phrases

22

STRUCTURES

k. !"#$%

!"#$%

moyh yhjin de hung ynsa yellow sweater

l. !"#$%

!"#$%

Zhinggu dt yhkui qin de

a $1 Chinese map

5.1, 9.1, 9.23 Translate the following into English.

a. !"#

!"#

Shi de Zhingwn shj?

b. !"#$ !"#$

Shi xib de Zhingwn shj?c. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(

Nc shnme shhu mai de Zhingwn shj?d. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'

Nc zi nar mai de Zhingwn shj?e. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Ma laoshh xib de na bbn shj?f. !"#$% !"#$%

Nc xchuan de shnme shj?g. !"# !"#

Duishao qin de shj?

9.2.14 Translate these noun phrases into Chinese.

a. these three books f. these newspapersb. those two students g. this pair of pantsc. those five pens h. these three chairsd. these ten notebooks i. those five deskse. this piece of paper j. that man

5.1, 9.1, 9.2.1

23

5 Translate these noun phrases into Mandarin.

a. three people who study Chineseb. the movie that I saw yesterdayc. Chinese characters that I can writed. the man who was talking with youe. the man who was talking with you this morningf. the man who was talking with you in the cafeteria this morningg. the shoes that I boughth. the shoes that I bought in Italy

9.2.1.5, 9.2.1.6, 9.2.1.7, 9.4

Noun phrases

24

STRUCTURES

10Adjectival verbs

1 Ask yesno questions using these subjects and adjectival verbs.

Example: ! or ! !

Nm li. Nm li b li? Nm li ma?

a. Tf mng.Hes busy.

b. !"#$ !"#$

N bbn shj ydu ysi.That book is interesting.

c. !" !"

Fgijh pio gu.Airplane tickets are expensive.

d. !"#$[ shqing situation / fz] !"#$

N jin shqing fz.That situation is complicated.

e. !"#$%Tf de nn pngyou hao kn.Her boyfriend is goodlooking.

f. !" !"

Tfmen yngging.They are hardworking.

g. ! !

Tf ydu qin.He is rich.

25

h. !" !"

N ling chg kui.That car is fast.

10.22 Answer no to each of the questions you have formed in (1) above.

10.23 Describe Wng Mng in Mandarin using intensifiers and the adjectival

verbs provided. The Mandarin translations of the adjectival verbs followeach sentence.

Example: He is somewhat lazy. !" !"Tp xipngdpng lkn.

a. He is very tall. [ gfo]b. He is extremely good looking. [ shui]c. He is rather smart. [/ cingming]d. He is too fat. [ png]e. He is quite polite. [/ kqi]f. He is really interesting. [ ydu ysh]

10.34 =Zhiu L exceeds Wng Mng in every property listed below. Describe

Zhiu L and Wng Mng, using the example as your model.

Example: kui fast !"#$%!"Wng Mng hln kui. Zhsu L gng kui.

a. / cingming smartb. ydu bbnshi talentedc. / shui handsomed. / hqi nice

10.3, 10.5

Adjectival verbs

26

STRUCTURES

11Stative verbs

1 Negate these sentences.

Example: !" !"# !" !"#Wn xmhuan tp. Wn b xmhuan tp.

a. !"#$ !"#$

Tf xiang chh Zhinggu fn.He wants to eat Chinese food.

b. !"#Tf p mshgng rn.He is very afraid of strangers.

c. !"#$Wd ddng tf de ysi.I understand what he means.

d. !"#$%&!" !"#$%&!"

Wd hbn i tf. Wd yunyi ji gbi tf. (negate both sentences)I love him. I am willing to marry him.

e. !

Tf xing tf yye.He resembles his grandfather.

11.12 Introduce !/ ! Miss Zhfng Xiaochjn in complete Mandarin

sentences including the following information.

a. family nameb. given namec. age: 18 years oldd. occupation: student, studies at the universitye. possessions: doesnt have a car, has a catf. likes history a lot

27

g. fears dogsh. really wants to go to China

11.1, 11.2, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.73 Complete each sentence with sh, xng, ynu, or zi as appropriate.

a. __________ !"# __________ !"#Tshjguan __________ gingyun de bbibifn.The library is north of the park.

b. ! __________ !"#$ ! __________ !"#$Tshjguan lc __________ hbn dui wiwn zdian.In the library there are a lot of foreign language dictionaries.

c. __________ __________ Tf __________ Zhfng.Her name is Zhang.

d. __________ ! __________ !Tf __________ Zhfng xiozhang.She is Principal Zhang.

e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Tf __________ tf de bngingsh.She is in her office.

f. ! __________ ! __________ Zh bbn shj hbn __________ ysi.This book is very interesting.

g. __________ !"# __________ !"#$%& __________ !"# __________ !"#$%&Zh bbn shj __________ wd de. Yoshi nc __________ xngq wd kyc ji gbi nc.This book is mine. If you are interested I can loan it to you.

11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7

Stative verbs

28

STRUCTURES

12Modal verbs

1 Fill in the blank with / hu, nng, or kym as appropriate.

a. __________ __________ Mngtifn __________ b __________ xi xub?Will it snow tomorrow?

b. !" __________ !" __________ Nc xiang tf mngtifn __________ li ma?Do you think she will come tomorrow?

c. __________ __________ !" __________ __________ !"Nc __________ b __________ pao malfsing?Are you able to run a marathon?

d. __________ __________ !"Nc __________ b __________ da Zhingwn z?Can you type in Chinese?

e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd __________ ji nc de chg ma?Can I borrow your car?

f. __________ __________ !" __________ __________ !"Nc __________ b __________ bfng wd de mng?Can you help me?

g. __________ !" __________ !"Wd __________ kn dinsh ma?Can I watch television?

h. __________ !" __________ !"Nc __________ shui Fye ma?Can you speak French?

12.1, 12.2, 12.3

29

2 Select the most appropriate expression of obligation or prohibition from thefollowing list to complete each sentence.

/ yrnggpi, / yrngdpng, dli, bdli, /=bxt, / b yrnggpi, b b, /=b xo

a. !"# __________ ! !"# __________ !Ncmen jhntifn wanshang __________ zu gingk.You dont have to do homework tonight.

b. __________ !"#$%&'() __________ !"#$%&'()Nc __________ mbitifn wanshang shu bf g xiaosh de jio.You should sleep for eight hours every night.

c. __________ D !" __________ !"#$Nc __________ chhzhe dingxi shui hu.You shouldnt talk while eating.

d. __________ !"#$%&'( __________ !"#$%&'(Nc __________ bfyu rsh r ycqin f xufi.You have to pay tuition by August 20th.

e. __________ !" __________ !"Nc __________ mashng hu jif.You must go home immediately.

f. __________ !" __________ !"Nc __________ kn n bbn shj.You dont have to read that book.

g. __________ !"# __________ !"#Nc __________ zi zhr tng chg.You cannot park here.

h. ! __________ ! __________ Nc zi fnguan __________ chiu yfn.You cannot smoke in the restaurant.

12.4, 12.5

Modal verbs

30

STRUCTURES

3 Complete each sentence to match the English translation by adding theappropriate expression of obligation and prohibition.

Example: !"#$% !"#$%&'( !"#$% !"#$%&'(qmng nm de pngyou Nm yrnggpi qmng nm de pngyou chrchr wknfn wknfn.

You should invite your friends to dinner.a. !" !"

du laoshh kqiYou should be polite to your teachers.

b. ! !

mbitifn shng kYou have to attend class every day.

c. !"#$ !"#$

mbitifn wanshang xu ZhingwnYou ought to study Chinese every night.

d. !"#$ !"#$

mai yh bbn Zhingwn zdianYou must buy a Chinese dictionary.

e. !" !"

kn nge dinycngYou dont have to see that movie.

12.4, 12.54 Express these obligations and prohibitions in Mandarin.

a. You should eat breakfast every morning.b. You must lock the door. [/=sud mn to lock the door]c. You should not drink too much coffee.d. You should not read other peoples letters.e. You do not have to wait for me.f. You have to find a job.g. You dont have to go home early.h. You are not permitted to smoke in a hospital.

12.4, 12.5

31

13Action verbs

1 Complete these sentences by adding / guo or le according to theEnglish translation.

a. __________ !" __________ __________ !" __________ Wd q __________ Zhinggu, mi q __________ Rbbn.Ive been to China, I havent been to Japan.

b. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd q __________ yhc mtui chg.Ive ridden on a motorcycle once before.

c. !" __________ !"#$%&' !" __________ !"#$%&'Wdmen ycjing kn __________ nge dinycng, b yo zi kn.Weve seen that movie before. We dont have to see it again.

d. !" __________ !" __________ Wd cngli mi hg __________ jie.Ive never drunk alcohol before.

e. !" __________ !" !" __________ !"Tf ggn tf pngyou tn __________ yh g xiaosh.He and his friends talked for an hour.

f. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd chh __________ yhc Rbbn fn.Ive eaten Japanese food once.

g. !" __________ !" __________ Nc dxu by __________ mi ydu?Have you graduated from university?

32

STRUCTURES

h. ! __________ ! __________ Wd gfng chhwn __________ wanfn.Ive just finished eating dinner.

13.1, 13.2, 33.1, 33.62 Describe Zhiu Ls day in complete Mandarin sentences, using le or

mi as appropriate.

a. He didnt eat breakfast.b. He went to class.c. He studied in the library.d. He ate lunch.e. He didnt see his girlfriend.f. He saw a movie.g. He went to the bookstore.h. He didnt buy a book.

13.1, 13.3.2, 33.1, 33.33 Zhiu L asked his friends what they did last night. Translate their answers

into Mandarin. Be sure to include the object of the verb in your translations.

!"#$%&'()*

!"#$%&'()*

Zhiu L: Nc zutifn wanshang zu le shnme?

Example: =xiao Gui: I danced. !"Wn tio wo le.

a. Xiao Wng: I read.b. Xiao Gfo: I sang.c. Xiao Mo: I studied.d. Xiao Ln: I painted.e. Xiao H: I talked with friends.f. Xiao Lc: I slept.

13.4.2

33

14Prepositions andprepositional phrases

1 Complete each sentence by supplying the appropriate preposition.

a. !"#$ __________ ! !"#$ __________ !Chn laoshh ydu sh. Zhfng laoshh __________ tf jifo k.Teacher Chen had something to do. Teacher Zhang taught class for her.

b. !" __________ !" __________ Cng ssh mnkdu __________ nn zdu.Go south from the entrance to the dormitory.

c. __________ !" __________ !"Nc yhnggfi __________ kren hbn kqi.You should be polite to guests.

d. __________ !" __________ !"Bi __________ wd kfi wnxio.Dont play a joke on me.

e. __________ !"#$%& __________ !"#$%&Wd __________ hunjng baoh hbn ydu xngq.I am very interested in environmental protection.

f. __________ !"#$ __________ !" __________ !"#$ __________ !"Tf __________ jif chh fn, b yunyi __________ fnguan q chh fn.He eats at home. He isnt willing to go to a restaurant to eat.

g. __________ !"# __________ !"#Nc __________ tf shui le shnme?What did you say to her?

34

STRUCTURES

h. !" __________ !" __________ Tf zhn zi mnkdu __________ wi kn.He stands at the doorway looking out.

14.2

2 Rewrite each sentence to include the prepositional phrase.

Example: !"[with friends] !"#$%Wn tio wo le. Wn gqn pngyou tio wo le.

a. !"#[to my friend] !"#

Wd da dinhu le.I called my friend.

b. !"#$[to her house]

!"#$

Tf qcng wd li chh fn.She invited me to come to her house to eat.

c. !"[at the library]

!"

Wd nin shj le.I studied at the library.

d. !"#$[from the library]Wd do tf jif q le.I went from the library to her house.

e. !"[for her]

!"

Wd mai le tng.I bought her candy.

f. !"#$[to me]

!"#$

Tf jisho tf de fme.She introduced me to her parents.

g. !"#$%&[with her]

!"#$%&

Huli, wd kn le dinycng.Afterwards, I saw a movie with her.

h. !"#$[in the study]

!"#$

Wdmen kn le dinycng.We watched the movie in the study.

14.1, 14.2

35

3 Introduce the new English teacher to your classmates. Use a preposition ineach sentence except (a).

a. Say that this is our new teacher.b. Say that you want to introduce him to you.c. He has just come from the United States.d. Say that he is teaching English at our school this year.e. Say that he is very interested in Chinese culture.f. Say that he wants to travel everywhere [ g d everywhere].g. Say that he also hopes to interact with Chinese people. [/ liwang

to interact]

14.1, 14.2

Prepositions and prepositional phrases

36

STRUCTURES

15Adverbs

1 Complete these sentences by filling in the blanks with yl, dsu,/ hi, ji, zhm, or ci.

a. !"#$%__________ !"# !"#$%__________ !"#Xiao Wng hu shui Yhnggu hu, __________ hu shui Rbbn hu.Little Wang can speak English and he can also speak Japanese.

b. !" __________ !"# !" __________ !"#Tf qgu Yhnggu __________ mi qgu Rbbn.He has been to England but he has not yet been to Japan.

c. ! __________ !"# ! __________ !"#Tf zi Yhnggu __________ zh le yh g yu.He has only lived in England for a month.

d. !"#$ __________ ! !"#$ __________ !Tf shui Yhnggu, Rbbn __________ ydu ysh.He says that England and Japan are both interesting.

e. !"#$ __________ !"#$ !"#$ __________ !"#$Rbbn rn hu xib Hn z __________ hu kn Zhingwn bozhc.Japanese people can write Chinese characters and they can read Chinesenewspapers.

f. !"#$__________ !" !"#$__________ !"Yhngwn b yng Hn z, __________ yng Luma z.English does not use Chinese characters, it only uses the Roman alphabet.

g. __________ !"# __________ !"#$Tf __________ xu le liang g wiye.He has only studied two foreign languages.

h. !" __________ !"# !" __________ !"#Tf shng le zhingxu __________ kfishc xu Yhngwn.When he started middle school he began to study English.

37

i. !"# __________ !"# !"# __________ !"#Tf shng dxu ychu __________ kfishc xu Rwn.Only after he started college did he begin to study Japanese.

j. !"#$%&' ( __________ !" !"#$%&' ( __________ !"Rbbn rn xchuan l7yu. Yhnggu rn b __________ xchuan l7yu.Japanese people like to travel. Not all English people like to travel.

152 Xiao Lc is a high school student in China who is being interviewed

because of his excellent foreign language skills. Translate his replies intoMandarin, using an adverb in each sentence. Translate the interviewersquestions into Mandarin.

a. Interviewer: What foreign languages do you study?Xiao Li: I study English and I also study Japanese.

b. Interviewer: How old are you?Xiao Li: I am only 16 years old.

c. Interviewer: Have you ever been to a foreign country?Xiao Li: Not yet. I have still not left China.

d. Interviewer: Do you plan to go abroad?Xiao Li: Yes. After I graduate, only then will I have the chance to goabroad.

e. Interviewer: Where will you go?Xiao Li: I plan to go to England and I plan to go to the United States.

f. Interviewer: Will you also go to Japan?Xiao Li: After I go to England and the United States I plan to go to Japan.

15

Adverbs

38

STRUCTURES

16Conjunctions

1 Pick the appropriate conjunction from the following list to complete eachsentence: h/ gqn, / hishi, huzhl.

a. __________ !"#$%&'( __________ !"#$%&'(Zqi du __________ wangqi du, jhntifn diu ydu bcsi.The soccer team and the tennis team both have competitions today.

b. !"#$ __________ !" !"#$ __________ !"Nc yo kn zqi bcsi __________ wangqi bcsi?Would you rather watch the soccer game or the tennis match?

c. ! __________ !"#$%&'( ! __________ !"#$%&'(Zqi bcsi __________ wangqi bcsi, wd diu yunyi kn.Ill watch either the soccer game or the tennis match.

d. ! __________ ! ! __________ !Nc da bngqi __________ da wangqi?Do you play soccer or tennis?

e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Bngqi __________ wangqi wd diu da.I play both soccer and tennis.

f. __________ !"#$%& __________ !"#$%&Mbigu rn __________ Yhnggu rn diu th zqi ma?Do Americans and English both play soccer?

g. !"# __________ !" !"# __________ !"Mbigu rn th zqi __________ Mbish zqi.Americans play soccer and American football.

h. !" #$%&'() __________ ! !" #$%&'() __________ !Mngtifn de tifnq hao de hu, wdmen da wangqi __________ th zqi.If the weather is good tomorrow, lets play soccer or tennis.

16

39

17The passive

1 Little Wang has had a bad day. These are the things that have happened tohim. Express these situations in the passive form as in the example.

Example: subject verb object /Hizi chrwn le bmnggpn.The children ate up the cookies.Passive: !"#$%&

!"#$%&Bmnggpn rng hizi chrwn le.The cookies were eaten up by the children.

subject verb objecta. !

Tf de tngwj dap le tidgngHis roommate broke the desk lamp.

b. ! !

Xiaotiu tiuzdule tf de dinnaoThe thief stole his computer.

c. ! ! !

Tf de pngyou nngdij le tf de yoshiHis friend lost his keys.

d. !"Tf de gdu chhdio tf de sfnmngzhHis dog ate up his sandwich.

e.

Tf ynghui zdianHe used until ruined the dictionary.

f. !" !"

Rnjif pnghui le tf de zxngchgSomeone hit and destroyed his bike.

40

STRUCTURES

g. ! !

Tf de jiolin m le tfHis coach scolded him.

h. !

Mfo shp le tf de yhfuThe cat tore his clothing.

17.12 Express the situations in (1) in complete Mandarin sentences using bk.

Example: subject verb object /Hizi chrwn le bmnggpn.The children ate up the cookies. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Hizi bk bmnggpn dsu chrwn le.

17.6, 53.2.1

41

Part B

Situationsand functions

42

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

43

18Names, kinship terms, titles,and terms of address

1 Here is the Zhao family:

Mr. Zhao / Zho xifnsheng, 45 years old.

Mrs. Zhao / Zho titai, 43 years old.

Miss Zhao Xijie / Zho Xhji, 18 years old.

Mr. Zhao Mingzhi / Zho Mngzh, 20 years old

Miss Zhao Xiqing / Zho Xhqhng, 16 years old.

Mr. Zhao Mingyi / Zho Mngy, 14 years old.

a. You are a hotel clerk.

(i) Address Mr. Zhao(ii) Address Miss Zhao Xijie

(iii) Address Mrs. Zhao

18.1, 18.3.1b. You are a good friend of Mr. Zhao, 40 years old. Address Mr. Zhao.c. You are Zhao Xijies best friend. Address her.

18.4.1d. You are Zhao Xiqing.

(i) Address Zhao Xijie.(ii) Address Zhao Mingzhi.

e. You are Zhao Xijie. Introduce your family members to your teacher.f. You are Zhao Xiqing. Introduce your siblings using kinship terms.g. You are Zhao Mingyi. Introduce your siblings using kinship terms.

18.2, 18.4.2h. You refer to someone as shjshu. Is shjshu male or female, and

what is shjshus age in relation to your fathers age?

i. You hear a child describing someone as nainai. Is nainai male orfemale, and what is nainais age in relationship to the child.

18.4.2

44


j. You meet Miss Zhao Ailing for the first time.

(i) Ask her for her family name politely.(ii) Assume you are Miss Zhao Ailing and answer the question.(iii) Ask her for her full name.(iv) Ask her how she would like to be addressed by you.

18.52 Provide the requested information in English based on this name card.

!"#

!"#

Jhnshfn Guj Hufyun

Gui Mngzh

!"#$%&'() 010-6566655721 !"#$%& 010-656655521Bbijhng sh 13196118888Choyng qjJingu l 21 ho

(a) name(b) phone number(c) employer(d) fax number

3 Design your own name card. (No answer is provided in the Answer Key.)

18.6

45

19Introductions

1 Here is information about Wng Mng and Zhiu L.

Wng Mng ZhIu L student student your classmate your younger male cousin on your fathers side studies economics studies linguistics speaks English speaks Japanese

Introduce them to each other in an informal manner and have them greeteach other.

You: Wng Mng: Zhiu L:

18.2.2, 19.1, 19.2

2 Introduce the famous Professor Lin ( Ln jioshu) to the famousDr. Zhang ( / Zhfng yhshgng) in a formal manner. Have themgreet each other formally after the introductions.

You: Ln jioshu: / Zhfng yhshgng:

19.1, 19.2

3 Zhiu L has just moved into the dormitory and has met Wng Mng for the first time.

Complete Zhiu Ls part of the conversation in Mandarin.

Wng Mng: !"#$%&Wd sh Wng Mng, sh Shnghai rn.

Zhiu L: (a) Hi. I am Zhou Li. Im from Shandong. Wng Mng: !"#$%&'(!

!"#$%&'(!

Zhgn gfoxng. Wdmen jhnnin sh tngwj. Zhiu L: (b) Im glad to meet you. I hope we get along and can give

each other a hand this year.

46


Wng Mng: !"#$ !"#$

Nc sh xu shnme de? Zhiu L: (c) Im studying chemistry. Wng Mng: !

Wd yb sh. Zhiu L: (d) What a lucky coincidence!

19.1, 19.2

47

20Greetings and goodbyes

1 Match these greetings with the appropriate situation.

Greeting Situationa. !" 1 You see an acquaintance going home. !"

Li chh fn ma?b. 2 It is 7 a.m.

Lao Chn!c. !" 3 You see your professor on the subway. !"

Shng nar q?d. 4 You run into your good friend at a restaurant.

Zao.e. ! 5 You pass your neighbor on the street at noon.

Hu jif ya.f. !" 6 You are at your front door and see your !" neighbor leaving the house.Shng bfn q ma?

g. !" 7 You are at your car at 7:30 a.m. and see your !" neighbor walk by.Wng laoshh hao.

20.12 Provide the equivalent Mandarin expressions.

a. See you again.b. See you in awhile.c. See you soon.d. See you tomorrow.e. See you next week.

20.2

48


3 Provide the appropriate greetings and goodbyes for the following letters.

a. An informal letter to your friend / Xe Wbiqing.Greeting: As if talking to you face to faceGoodbye: Expressing good wishes for a happy new year, Your younger brother,

/ Li Xweb. A formal letter to your teacher / Tng laoshh.

Greeting: Please read this letter.Goodbye: I respectfully extend my good wishes with concern about your

welfare in this summer season, I bow to you. Respectfully written byyour student, / Zhfng Xiaochjn.

20.34 You call your friend Wng Mng on the phone. Translate your part of the

conversation into Chinese.

a. I am looking for Wang Ming.b. Wang Ming, long time no see [ !/ ! hao jie b jin]. What

have you been busy with lately?c. You are going to Australia [ !/ ! Adly]? Have a good trip.d. See you when you get back. [See if you can figure out how to say this.]

20.1, 20.2

49

21Basic strategies forcommunication

1 Match each phrase with its function:

Phrase Function

a. !/ ! 1 indicating that the situation is acceptablewd xiang dating

b. / 2 making a listdubuqc

c. / ! 3 formal apology before asking for assistanceqhngchu ma? or information

d. 4 making an inquiryxng.

e. / 5 describing a sequencezbnme xib?

f. 6 neutral apology before asking for assistancelr or information

g. / 7 inquiring about writing somethingloji

h. 8 asking for confirmationdyh

i. / 9. giving an examplernhu

21.121.5

2 Sheila is studying Chinese in Beijing and wants to go to Wangfujing( =Wngfojmng) to shop. She asks a cab driver for information.Translate her conversation into Mandarin.

a. Sheila: Driver, sorry for bothering you. Is Wangfujing far from here?Driver: __________

b. Sheila: Im sorry. I didnt understand. Can you say it again please?Driver: __________

c. Sheila: Im very sorry. Please say it again slower.Driver: __________

50


d. Sheila: Yes, I understand. Thank you.

21.121.5, 43.43 Write the character described by each of the following phrases.

Example: ! Lu Lus wi Lu The character pronounced Lu

composed of the characters and .

NOTE This description only works for the traditional form of this character. The simplified form is notcomposed of and .

a. !" d xiingd de d older and younger brother younger brotherb. / !shuc sfndian shuc three dot waterc. !Lc m zc Lc wood child Lid. !Zhfng l zao Zhfng stand up early Zhange. !Chn / !Chn br ding Chn ear east Chenf. ! Wng / !"#$ Wng sfn hng yh sh de Wng

three horizontal one vertical Wang

21.7

51

22Telecommunications ande-communications:telephones, the internet,beepers, and faxes

1 Write these phone numbers in Chinese.

a. 62191074b. 13651281180c. 67179469

22.5

2 You are placing a phone call to your friend Wng Mng. You speak withhis roommate, Zhiu L. Complete the conversations by translating theEnglish to Chinese.

Conversation A

Zhiu L: Wi?You: Im looking for Wang Ming. Zhiu L: !Tf b zi.You: Please tell him to return my phone call. My cell phone number is13501327806.

Conversation B Zhiu L: Wi?You: Is Wang Ming in? Zhiu L: !Tf b zi.You: Please tell him to beep me. My beeper number is 85391212.

Conversation C Zhiu L: Wi?You: Id like to speak with Wang Ming. Zhiu L: !Tf b zi.You: Okay. Ill send him a text message.

22.4

52


3 Solve these problems by giving advice in Mandarin.

a. The line is busy. Dial again.b. No one is picking up the phone. Leave a message.c. I dont have a computer. Go to an internet caf to get on the web.d. How can I get in touch with you? Beep me.e. Mr. Wang is not at home. Call his cell phone.f. Where is the information? Open the attachment.

22.1

53

23Negating information

1 Put the negation word in the right place in the following sentences to matchthe English translations.

Example: !"#$() !"#$% !"#$() !"#$%Wn yo gqn tp shus Wn b yo gqn tp shus hu.hu. (b) I dont want to talk with him.

a. !"#$%() !"#$%()Wd yo ggn tfmen chh fn. (b)I dont want to eat with them.

b. !"#$() !"#$()Wd thngddng tf de hu. (b)I dont understand what he says.

c. !"#$%() !"#$%()Wd yunyi ggn tf jihjn. (b)I am not willing to marry him.

d. !"#$%() !"#$%()Wd hi judng mai shnme. (mi)I still havent decided what to buy.

e. !"#() !"#()Wd chng li zhlc. (b)I dont come here often.

f. !"#() !"#()Wd ggnbbn ydu qin. (mi)I have absolutely no money.

g. !"#$() !"#$()Wd zi cfnthng chh fn. (b)I dont eat in the cafeteria.

54


h. !"#$%&() !"#$%&()Wdmen diu hu shui Guangding hu. (b)None of us can speak Cantonese.

23.1, 23.2, 23.42 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, using b or mi as appropriate.

a. I dont like noodles. [/ mintio noodles]b. I dont have any friends.c. I didnt do my homework.d. I am not tall.e. I was not busy yesterday.f. I havent ever heard that song before.g. Theres no one home.h. It didnt rain yesterday.i. I cant drive a car.j. I havent graduated from university.

23.13 Match these expressions with / w and fqi with equivalent Mandarin

expressions.

a. !/ ! 1 /wln rh bxj

b. / 2 wg fgifn

c. 3 !"/ !"fgichng b guan zbnmeyng

d. 4 !fgidbi mi ydu yung

e. / 5 wbc tbi

f. (verb) 6 fgi (verb) b kb b hfa

g. 7 fgifa yhdng

23.5

55

24Asking questions andreplying to questions

1 Turn these statements into yesno questions with / ma. Be careful tochange the pronouns when appropriate. Translate your questions into English.

Example: !"# !"#$ !"# !"#$Wn hu shus Zhsngwn. Nm hu shus Zhsngwn ma?I can speak Chinese. Can you speak Chinese?

a. !"# !"#Wd xiang q Zhinggu.I want to go to China.

b. !"#Tf ydu nn pngyou.She has a boyfriend.

c. !"#$ !"#$Wd chhgu shgngypin.Ive eaten sashimi before.

d. !"#$% !"#$%Tfmen hu shui Zhinggu hu.They can speak Chinese.

e. !"# !"#Tf sh Yhnggu rn.He is English.

f. !"# !"#Wd xchuan l7xng.I like to travel.

g. !"#$% !"#$%Zhinggu rn i chng ggr.Chinese people love to sing.

56


h. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Tf mbitifn zi gingyun pao b.He jogs in the park every day.

24.1.1

2 Turn the statements in (1) into yesno questions with verb-not-verb structure.

Example: !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$Nm hu shus Zhsngwn ma? Nm hu b hu shus

Zhsngwn?Can you speak Chinese? Can you speak Chinese?

24.1.2

3 Turn the statements in (1) into yesno questions with shfnu structure.

Example: !"#$ !"#$% !"#$ !"#$%Nm hu shus Zhsngwn ma? Nm shfnu hu shus

Zhsngwn?Can you speak Chinese? Can you speak Chinese?

24.1.3

4 Reply yes to the following questions. Translate your responses into English.

Example: !"#$ !"# !"#$ !"#Nm qgu Zhsnggu ma? Qgu. Wn qgu Zhsnggu.Have you been to China? Yes. I have been to China before.

a. !"# !"#

Nc sh xusheng ma?Are you a student?

b. !"# !"#

Nc hu kfi chg ma?Can you drive a car?

c. !"#$% !"#$%

Nc hggu Zhinggu ch ma?Have you drunk Chinese tea before?

d. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Nc chhgu Bbijhng kaoyf ma?Have you eaten Beijing roast duck before?

57

e. !"#$% !"#$%

Nc xchuan kn dinycng ma?Do you like to watch movies?

f. !"#$ !"#$

Tibbi ydu dtib ma?Does Taipei have a subway?

g. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Guln de shfnshuc pioliang ma?Is Guilins scenery pretty?

h. !"#$% !"#$%

Nc yng kuizi chh fn ma?Do you use chopsticks to eat?

24.1.4.1

5 Reply no to each of the questions in (4).

Example: !"#$ !" #$! !"#$ !" #$!Nm qgu Zhsnggu Mi qgu. Wn mi qguma? Zhsnggu.Have you been to China? No, I havent. I have never been

to China.

24.1.4.2

6 Ask Wng Mng eitheror questions with / hishi about thefollowing topics. Use the verb in parentheses for each question. Translate yourquestions into English.

Example: ( sh) / !"#$!"%Zhsnggu rn !"#$!"% / Nm sh Zhsnggu rn hishiMligu rn Mligu rn?

Are you Chinese or American?

a. (/ xchuan) Zhingcfn xhcfnK ( sh) / xusheng / laoshhc. (/ xu) !/ ! Zhinggu wnxu !/ !

Yhnggu wnxuK ( sh) !/ !=rshyh su / =rshr sue. (/ xchuan) / kn dinsh !/ ! thng

shiuyhnjh [/ dinsh television / shiuyhnjh radio]f. ( shng) gfo zhing / dxu

24.3

Asking questions and replying to questions

58


7 Re-write the following ne questions as full Mandarin questions.

Example: !"#$%&' !"#$% !"#$%&' !"#$%Wn hu shus Zhsngguo Nm hu shus Zhsngguohu. Nm ne? hu ma?

a. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Wd xchuan chh xhcfn. Nc ne?

b. !"#$% !"#$%

Wd sh xusheng. Nc ne?

c. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Wd xu Zhinggu wnxu. Nc ne?

d. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'

Wd xchuan kn dinsh. Nc ne?

e. !"#$% !"#$%Wd shng dxu. Nc ne?

f. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(Wd i kn Zhinggu dinycng. Nc ne?

g. !"#$% !"#$%Wd b chiu yfn. Nc ne?

h. !"#$%& !"#$%&Wd qgu Zhinggu. Nc ne?

24.5

8 Turn each of the following statements into a content question in which youask about the underlined word or phrase.

Example: !"##$ !""# !""#

Tp sh Xiko Wng de ddi. Tp sh shi de ddi?He is little Wangs younger Whose younger brother is he?brother.

a. !"#$

!"#$

Dtib pio sfn kui qin.A subway ticket is $3.

59

b. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Ggge tbi xchuan chh jiaozi.Older brother particularly likes to eat dumplings.

c. !"# !"#

Xinzi we dian zhing.Its now 5 oclock.

d. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Tf zi Mbigu zh le sh nin.He lived in America for ten years.

e. !"# !"#

Tf sh Fagu rn.She is French. (lit.: a French person)

f. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(

Bbihai gingyun zi Dfnmn djig.Beihai Park is on DiAnmen street.

g. !"#$ !"#$

Wd ydu sfn g tngwj.I have three roommates.

h. !"#$%#&'() !"#$%#&'()

Wd ggn wd de pngyou yhqc zj yh g fngzi.I am renting a house with my friends.

24.69 Place these phrases in the correct order to correspond to the English translations.

a.

gfoggnxi wishnme b yunyi nc chufn?Why arent you willing to wear high heeled shoes?

b.

jcdian zhing zutifn wanshang hu jif de nc?What time did you return home last night?

c.

zi nar nc dxu shng?Where do you attend university?

Asking questions and replying to questions

60


d. ! !

duishao xusheng ydu nc de Zhingwn bfn?How many students are in your Chinese class?

e. ! !

shnme dfang mbitifn nc zi tng chg?Where do you park your car every day?

f.

dui yuan Bfl l Lndjn ydu?How far is it from Paris to London?

g.

jc g rn nng zhge chg zu?How many people can this car seat?

h.

jc ho jc yu jhntifn sh?What is todays day? (What is todays month and date?)

4, 24.6, 43.410 Translate these questions into Mandarin.

a. Where do you study Chinese?b. When do you eat dinner?c. What time does this store open for business?d. How long have you studied Chinese?e. How many people have you invited to dinner?f. Who do you know?g. Why do you want to see that movie?h. How many children do they have?

24.6

61

25Expressing identification,possession, and existence

1 Complete each of the following sentences with sh, ynu, or zi tobest match the English translation.

a. __________ ! __________ !Bbi H __________ gingyun lc.North Lake is in the park.

b. __________ ! __________ !Wd jif __________ we g rn.There are five people in my family.

c. ! __________ ! __________ Yunzi lc diu __________ huf.The courtyard is full of flowers.

d. __________ __________ Jhchang __________ chngwi.The airport is outside of the city.

e. __________ ! __________ !Tf __________ Zhfng laoshh.He is teacher Zhang.

f. ! __________ ! ! __________ !Wnlc Chngchng __________ Zhinggu ma?Is the Great Wall in China?

g. __________ !" __________ !"Chngwi __________ yh g jhchang.Outside of the city there is an airport.

62


h. __________ ! __________ !Chng xhbian __________ dxu chng.The west side of the city is the university district.

i. ! __________ !" ! __________ !"Nge dxu __________ yh wn xusheng.That university has ten thousand students.

j. __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$Dinycng yun __________ tshjguan de dumin.The movie theater is right across from the library.

25.1, 25.2, 25.32 Translate these noun phrases into English.

Example: ! food that dad cooked !bba zu de fn

a. !"#wd ggge de n7 pngyou

b. ! !

nc de xhn chg

c. !"#$ !"#$

wdmen de wiye laoshh

d. !! !!

hizi de mfma

e. !"#$ !"#$

wd mbitifn kn de bozhc

f. !"#$% !"#$%

hizi xchuan chh de dingxi

g. !"#$% !"#$%

hbn ydumng de dinycng mngxhng

h. !"#$hbn ydu ysh de gsh

25.2.2

63

3 Unscramble these noun phrases to correspond to their English translations.

a. !"#$%tf de n7 hizi hbn de pioliangher very pretty daughter

b. !"# !"#

kbbn de Zhingwn wdmy Chinese textbook

c. !"# !"#

nc de pngyou wiguyour foreign friends

d. !"# !"#

wd fngzi chng lc demy house in the city

e. !" # !" #

hqi de pngyou de tfher very nice friend

f. !"#$!xizi wd de hbn shjfu demy very comfortable shoes

25.2.2

Expressing identification, possession, and existence

64


26Describing people, places,and things

1 Describe Wng Mng in complete sentences in terms of theseattributes.

a. 18 years oldb. a studentc. intelligentd. talle. Canadian

26.1, 26.22 Ask content questions about Wng Mng in complete Chinese sentences

based on the following information. Each question should focus on theunderlined information.

Example: He studies in China. !"#$ !"#$Tp zi nkr nin sht?

a. He is 18 years old.b. He speaks Chinese.c. He is Canadian.d. He likes foreign movies.e. His birthday is June 15.f. He has two younger brothers.g. He goes to France every year.h. He bought a Chinese dictionary.

24.6, 26.4, 26.73 In complete Mandarin sentences, explain what the following things are

made of.

Example: ice cream cream !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Brngqiln sh yng nkiyu zu de.

a. books paperb. candy [=tng gud] sugar [=tng]

65

c. steamed buns [/=mntou] flour [/a=minfbn]d. ice cubes [/ bhngkui] watere. houses wood [/=mtou]

26.54 You are a weather forecaster. Describe the weather for these three cities in

complete sentences in Mandarin.

a. New York b. Beijing c. Taipeicold partly cloudy sunnysnowing windy humid15 F 2 C 30 C

26.85 You are feeling ill and have a doctors appointment. Express the conversation

in Mandarin.

a. Tell the doctor that you are not feeling well, that you have a cough and aheadache and that you also have a runny nose.

b. Have the doctor ask you if you have fever.c. Tell the doctor you dont have a fever.d. Have the doctor ask if you have diarrhea.e. Tell the doctor that you do.f. Have the doctor ask you if you have a stomachache.g. Tell her that you dont.h. Have the doctor tell you that you have a cold. She will write you a

prescription, and you should take it every four hours. You should sleep alot, and you should drink a lot of water. It would be best if you did noteat any spicy food [ l de spicy things]. You will feel better in a coupleof days.

26.9, 46.1.3

Describing people, places, and things

66


27Describing how actionsare performed

1 In complete Mandarin sentences, describe how Tng Milng does eachof the following actions.

Example: walks slowly !"# !"#Tp znu de hln mn.

a. speaks slowly e. studies too littleb. writes clearly f. runs very fastc. eats a lot g. cooks welld. drives too fast h. sings a lot

27.12 In complete Chinese sentences, describe how Tng Milng does each

of the following actions. Be sure to include the object of the verb in each ofyour sentences.

Example: sleeps a lot !"#$ !"#$Tp shu jio shu de hln dus.

a. speaks Japanese slowlyb. writes Chinese characters clearlyc. drinks a lot of tead. drives a car too faste. studies Chinese too littlef. plays tennis a lot [ / da wangqi play tennis]g. cooks Chinese food wellh. sings karaoke a lot [ OK kalf OK karaoke]

27.1.1, 27.1.23 Wng Mng is thinking about asking Gfo Lbi for a date, but he wants

to know a few things about her first. Translate his questions into English.

a. !"#$ !"#$

Tf xu de zbnmeyng?

67

b. !"#$% !"#$%

Tf zu ci zu de zbnmeyng?c. !"#$% !"#$%

Tf kfi chg kfi de zbnmeyng?d. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Tf chng ggr chng de zbnme yng?e. !"#$% !"#$%

Tf tio we tio de zbnmeyng?f. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Tf shui Yhngwn shui de zbnmeyng?

27.24 This is what you tell Wng Mng about Gfo Lbi. Express your

opinions in Mandarin.

a. She studies well.b. She cooks extremely well.c. She drives (a car) a little slowly.d. She is not bad at singing. (In Chinese: She sings not bad.)e. She doesnt dance too well. (In Chinese: She dances not too well.)f. She speaks English particularly accurately.

27.15 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, inserting the parenthesized adverbial

modifier in the appropriate position to express the English meaning.

Example: !"#$%( ) !"#$%( )Hizi zi gsngyun lm wn. (gpo gpo xrng xrng de)The children are playing happily in the park. !!"#$%&'( !!"#$%&'(Hizi gpo gpo xrng xrng de zi gsngyun lm wn.The children are playing happily in the park.

a. !"##$% !"##$%

Tng Milng ba mn kfikai le.Tang Meiling opened the door slowly. ( mnmfn de)

Describing how actions are performed

68


b. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Tng Milng ba fn chhwn le.Tang Meiling finished eating quickly. ( kuikufi de)

c. !"#$%&'()*Tng Milng ba tngwj de gufngdi ji zdu le.Tang Meiling secretly borrowed her roommates CDs. ( / tiutiur de)

d. !"#$$% !"#$$%

Tng Milng bfngzh le mimei.Tang Meiling willingly helped her younger sister. ( / zyun de)

e. !"#$% !"#$%

Tng Milng xc le pnzi.Tang Meiling hurriedly washed the dishes. ( / cingmng de)

f. !"#$%Tng Milng jio le pngyou.Tang Meiling greeted her friends loudly. ( / dshgng de)

g. !"#$% !"#$%

Tng Milng xib le zuwn.Meiling carefully wrote the essay. ( yngxhn de)

h. !"#$% !"#$%

Tng Milng thng le bogo.Meiling listened attentively to the announcement. ( / rnzhgn de)

27.3

69

28Indicating result, conclusion,potential, and extent

1 Insert the right resultative verb ending to complete the meaning ofeach sentence.

a. __________ e. __________ Wd chh __________ le. Wd zhao __________ le.Im full. Ive found it.

b. __________ f. __________ __________

Wd chh __________ le. Wd j __________ le.I ate enough. Ive memorized it.

c. __________ g. __________ Wd chh __________ le. Wd kn __________ le.Ive finished eating. I saw it.

d. __________ h. __________ Wd zhao __________ le. Wd kn __________ le.Ive finished looking. I read it wrong.

28.1.1

2 Translate these sentences into Mandarin, selecting the appropriate form of theparenthesized resultative verb.

a. I learned the lesson. (/ xuhu or / xudehu)b. I cant memorize these characters. ( / mi jzhu or / jbuzh)

c. I didnt hear the sound. ( / mi thngjian or / thngbujin)

d. I was unable to buy the book. ( / mi maido or / maibdo)

e. I bought the dictionary. ( / maido le or / maidedo)

f. I am able to understand Chinese (by listening). ( / thngddng leor / thngdeddng)

g. I didnt understand (by listening). ( / mi thngddng or / thngbuddng)

70


h. I cant finish eating (this food). ( mi chhwn or chhbwn)

28.1.2, 28.1.4, 28.23 Translate these sentences to Mandarin using the parenthesized verb with the

appropriate resultative ending.

a. I bought the wrong book. (/ mai)b. Can you see the subway station? ( dtib zhn) ( kn)c. Have you bought that book? (/ mai)d. I have bought it. (/ mai)e. Have you finished reading it? ( kn)f. No. I havent finished reading it. ( kn)g. Do you understand it (by reading it)? ( kn)h. Yes (I understand it by reading it.) ( kn)

28.1.1, 28.1.2

4 These sentences all involve the potential suffix deliko or buliko.Translate them into English.

a. !"#$% & !"#$% &

Xi xub le, wdmen zdubuliao le.b. !"#$%""& !"#$%""&

Wd de chg hui le, kfibuliao le.c. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(

Zhme dui fn, nc chhdeliao ma?d. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()

Tf shui tf de shdu hbn tng, xibbliao z.e. !"#$%&'$$([ huf flower, / dng to freeze] !"#$%&'$$(

Nc de huf diu dngscle, hubuliao le.f. !"#$% !"#$%

Nc mngtifn lideliao ma?g. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'

Thng wd de, yhdng cubuliao.h. !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$%&'()*+,-

Wd jhntifn ydu sh, cfnjifbuliao ncmen de wanhu.

28.4

71

5 Select the correct resultative or potential expression to match theEnglish meanings.

a. __________ [ ] __________ [ ]Tf __________ dxu. [kaobliao kaobushng]He cant pass the university entrance exam.

b. __________ [ ] __________ [ ]Wd __________ xhnchg. [maibulio maibuqc]I cant afford to buy a new car.

c. __________ [ ]Wd __________ nc. [wngbuliao wngbudio]I can never forget you.

d. __________ ![ ] __________ ![ ]Wdmen __________ kn dinycng. [libuliao libuj]We wont be in time to see the movie.

e. !"# __________ [ ] !"# __________ [ ]Tf ycjing ba zuy __________ le. [zudewn zuwn]He already finished his homework.

f. __________ ![ ] __________ ![ ]Wd __________ n zhdng sh. [zubuliao zubudo]I cant do that kind of work.

g. ! __________ [ ] ! __________ [ ]Peting de rn __________ . [jnbuliao jnbuq]Ordinary people cannot go in.

h. ! __________ !"[ ] ! __________ !"[ ]Nc b yhnggfi __________ nc de fme. [dudeqc dubuqc]You must not embarrass (show disrespect for) your parents.

28.2, 28.4.46 Use a resultative verb to complete each of the following sentences to express

the English meanings.

Example: !() !"!#$% !() !"!#$%Tp zlnme chr (yl) Tp zlnme chr yl chr bbko.No matter how much he eats he cant get full.

Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

72


a. !() !()Wd zbnme chh (yb)No matter how much I eat I cant finish.

b. !() !()Tf zbnme xu (yb)No matter how much he studies he cant master (it).

c. !() !()Wd zbnme kn (yb)No matter how I read (it) I cant understand (it).

d. !() !()Tf zbnme zu (yb)No matter how he does (it) he does it wrong.

e. !() !()Wd zbnme zu (yb)No matter how I try to do (it) I cant do it.

f. !() !()Wd zbnme zhao (yb)No matter how (much) I look I cant find (it).

28.2.2.17 Complete these sentences in Mandarin to match the English meaning, using

the phrases provided to express the result or extent of the situation.

Example: He was so tired that he could not pick up his head.[ !"#/ !"#=tibuqmtu li] !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Tp li de tibuqmtu li le.

a. He was so happy that he began to sing.[ !"/ !" chng qc ggr li]

b. I was so tired that I slept for two days.[ !/ ! shu le liang tifn]

c. They were so busy that they forgot to eat.[ !"#/ !"# ba chh fn diu wng le]

d. He was so hungry that he ate all of the dumplings.[ !"#$/ !"#$ ba jiaozi diu chhwn le.]

e. He sang so much that his throat was sore.[ !" sangzi diu tng le]

73

f. We walked so much that our legs got swollen.[ !/ ! tuc diu zhdng le]

g. I ate so much that I couldnt walk.[ !/ ! zdubudng le]

h. The book was so interesting that I couldnt put it down.[ !"#/ !"# wd jianzh fngbuxi]

28.58 Wng Mng is studying hard for college entrance exams. He is explaining

his progress to his parents. Express this in Mandarin.

a. Ive already finished studying maths.b. I have not finished studying chemistry.c. No matter how hard I study, I cannot memorize all of the chemistry formulas.

[/ jzh memorize; gingsh formula]d. I cant understand the English poems (by reading).e. I have learned (studied and mastered) all of the English vocabulary.

[/ chu vocabulary]f. I am so nervous that I cannot sleep and I cannot eat.g. No matter how I try to sleep I cant fall asleep.h. I am so tired that I cannot study anymore.

28.128.5

Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

74


29Making comparisons

1 Compare Wng Mng and Zhiu L in complete Mandarin sentencesusing bm, mi ynu, or () . . . / gqn (h) . . . yryng asappropriate.

Example: equally hardworking !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Wng Mng gqn zhsul yryngynggsng.

Wng Mng ZhIu La. equally tall (the

same height)b. smarter

[/ cingming]c. not as fastd. more handsome

[/ shui]e. not as hardworking

[ yngging]f. equally interesting

[ ydu ysh]g. lazier

[/ lan]h. not as friendly

[/ hqi]i. thinner

[ shu]j. equally happy

29.1.3, 29.3.1, 29.42 Ask the following yesno questions about Wng Mng and Zhiu L

in Mandarin.

a. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally smart?b. Is Zhou Li taller than Wang Ming?c. Is Wang Ming lazier than Zhou Li?d. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally interesting?e. Is Wang Ming better looking than Zhou Li?

24.1, 29

75

3 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that Wng Mng outperforms Zhiu L in each of the following actions. Include the object of thecomparison in your sentences.

Example: takes tests better !"#$#%&' !"#$#%&'Wng Mng bm Zhsu L kko sh kkode hko.

a. sings songs better [ chng ggr]b. writes Chinese betterc. works faster [ zu sh]d. cooks food better [ zu ci]e. speaks English betterf. dances better [ tio we]g. studies moreh. reads books morei. sees more moviesj. plays ball better [ da qi]

29.3.54 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that Zhiu L is not as good as

Wng Mng in performing each of the actions listed in (3) above.Include the object of the comparison in your sentences.

Example: taking tests !"#$%$&'( !"#$%$&'(Zhsu L mi ynu Wng Mng kko sh kkode hko.

29.4.35 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that Wng Mng and Zhiu L

are identical in their performance of the actions listed in (3). Include the objectof the comparison in your sentences. For (5) say that they study equally well.

Example: taking tests !"#$#%&'() !"#$#%&'()Wng Mng gqn Zhsu L kko sh kko deyryng hko.

29.1.66 Put these Mandarin phrases in the correct order to match the English

translations.

a. !"#$%&'( !")Zhiu L de xhnshui yh bi dui bc Wng Mng de xhnshui.Zhou Lis salary is twice as much as Wang Mings salary.

b. !"#$%&!"#''(bc Zhiu L de pngyou de Wng Mng de pngyou dui dui.Zhou Li has a lot more friends than Wang Ming.

Making comparisons

76


c. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Zhiu L gfo yhdian bc Wng Mng.Zhou Li is a little taller than Wang Ming.

d. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Ln Wbixu gng gfo bc Zhiu L.Lin Weixue is even taller than Zhou Li.

e. !" #$%&' !" #$%&'

Wng Mng xib de zu xib Hn z pioliang.Wang Ming writes Chinese characters the prettiest (of everyone).

29.3.4.1, 29.3.4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.4.4, 29.5, 29.67 Translate the following into English.

a. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Zhiu L bc Wng Mng d liang su.b. !"#$ !%&'()* !"#$ !%&'()*

Zhiu L de chg bc Wng Mng de chg gu we qifn kui qin.c. !"#$ !%&'( !"#$ !%&'(

Zhiu L de chg bc Wng Mng de chg d yhdian.d. !"#$% !"#$%

Ln Wbixu de chg gng d.e. !" #$%& !" #$%&

Zh bbn shj bc n bbn shj gu de dui.f. !"#$#%&%&' !"#$#%&%&'

Zhiu L bc Wng Mng chh fn chh de dui de dui.g. !"!#$%& !"!#$%&

Ln Wbixu chh fn chh de zu dui.h. !" #$%&'()*+, !" #$%&'()*+,

Wng Mng xib Hn z xib de mi ydu Zhiu L nme pioliang.

29.3.4.1, 29.3.4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.4.4, 29.5, 29.6

77

8 Translate these sentences into Mandarin. The Mandarin translations ofunderlined words are provided in brackets.

a. My younger brother works a lot faster than I. [ zu sh]b. My younger brother eats a lot more food than I do.c. My younger brother doesnt earn as much money as I do. [/

zhun qin]d. I earn a lot more money than him.e. I am eleven years older than my younger brother.f. This movie is not as interesting as that movie. [ ydu ysh]g. I like that movie the most.h. This book is twice as expensive as that book.

6.6.5, 29.3.4.1, 29.3.4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.5, 29.4.1, 29.4.3, 29.6

9 Translate these sentences with br, / bmjio, and /xipngdpng into English.

a. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Zh k de shgngc xifngdfng dui.b. !"#$%&'()*+ !"#$%&'()*+

Zhge xuqh wd xuan de k diu bcjio rngy.c. !"# $ !"# $

Xu Rwn br xu Zhingwn.d. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Zh zhdng zdian bcjio nn mai.e. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(

Tf jud suydu de rn diu br tf.f. ! "#$%&'( ! "#$%&'(

Nge xushgng xux de xifngdfng nel.

29.4.2, 29.7

10 You are planning to buy a house in China and are asking a Chinese friend foradvice. Express this conversation in Mandarin.

a. Ask your friend how much houses sell for in China.b. Your friend tells you the following:

(i) Houses outside the city are less expensive than houses inside the city.(ii) Houses outside the city are also a lot bigger than houses in the city.

(iii) However, living outside the city is not as convenient as living insidethe city.

Making comparisons

78


c. Ask your friend, if you buy a house in the city, what kind of house isthe cheapest.

d. Your friend tells you the following:(i) A house that faces south is more expensive than a house that

faces north.(ii) A house that faces east is a little cheaper than a house that

faces west.

29.3, 29.4, 43.3, 50.2

79

30Talking about the present

1 In complete Mandarin sentences describe what Wng Mng is doing ateach of the times indicated below. Use the time expressions provided in yoursentences. Translate your sentences into English.

Example: today !"#$% !"#$%mki dsngxi Wng Mng jrntipn mki dsngxi.

Wang Ming is shopping today.

a. this year / xu Zhingwnb. this month fng jic. this week !"# zi Ydl l7xngd. now !"/ !" ggn pngyou chh fne. presently xc zao

30.1

2 What are the following people doing now? Describe their activities incomplete Mandarin sentences using zi or zhngzi.

Example: Gpo Lli sleeping !"# !"#Gpo Lli zi shu jio.

a. Wng Mng watching televisionb. Zhiu L singingc. / Ln Wbixu playing balld. Tng Milng writing a letter

30.2

3 Translate the following into English.

a. !D ! !"#$%&

Mn witou zhnzhe yh g rn.

b. !D ! !"#$%&

Zhuizi shng fngzhe hbn dui shj.

80


c. !"#D !"#$%

Hizi zi chungshng tangzhe.

d. !D !" !"#$%&'

Yhyun lc dbngzhe hbn dui bngrn.

e. !D !" !"#$%&'

Jiosh lc zuzhe hbn dui xusheng.

30.6

4 Translate the following sentences into Mandarin to describe Wng Mngsactivities and to indicate that he intends to continue doing each one.

a. Wang Ming has already eaten thirty dumplings. [/ jiaozi]b. Wang Ming has already walked five miles.c. Wang Ming has already studied one hundred Chinese characters.d. Wang Ming has already sung three songs.e. Wang Ming has already slept for ten hours.

30.7

5 You are a Chinese student writing to a university abroad to apply foradmission to their doctoral program in economics. You have written the firstdraft in Chinese. Translate it into English.

a. !"#$%!&' !"#$%!&'

Wd sh dxu s ninj de xusheng.

b. !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012

Wd xinzi zi xib b y lnwn, sh ydugufn xindi Zhinggu jhngjhunjng de.

c. !"#$%&'()%*+,- !"#$%&'()%*+,-

Wd zi shgnqcng d gu xio de jhngjxu x de ynjijshgng.

d. !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0

Wd du jhngj tbi gan xngqu, xhwng nng d bsh xuwi.

e. !"# $%&'()*+, !"# $%&'()*+,

Mqin wd zhngzi wi wd de lnwn zu shchang dioch.

f. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()

Tngsh wd hi zi zhenbi tuif kaosh. [ tuif the Test of English asa Foreign Language]

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g. !"#$%&'()*+#,-. !"#$%&'()*+#,-.

Qtf chngging shgnqcng zhb bin jbi na xig tiojin qcng gozhh.

h. !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012

Lngwi, ydu gufn wigu xusheng de jhngj zhzh dbng shy yqcng gozhh.

9.2, 30

Talking about the present

82


31Talking about habitual actions

1 Rewrite the Mandarin sentences, adding the adverb that is provided inparentheses after each English translation.

Example: !"#$"% !"#$%&$' !"#$"% !"#$%&$'Tp zi nge fngukn Tp pngchng zi nge fnguknchr fn. chr fn.She eats at that restaurant (often).

a. !"#Wd zaoshang pao b.I jog in the morning. (often)

b. !"#$ !"#$

Tfmen chh Zhinggu fn.They eat Chinese food. (often)

c. !"#$% !"#$%

Wd qhdian zhing chh wanfn.I eat dinner at 7 p.m. (usually)

d. !"#$% !"#$%

Wdmen q Fagu l7xng.In the past we used to go to France for vacation. (always)

e. !"#$Wd zaoshang hg kffgi.I drink coffee in the morning. (always)

f. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'

Wdmen xi bfn ychu da wangqi.We play tennis after work. (often)

g. !"#$"%& !"#$"%&

Nc zi nge fnguan chh fn ma?Do you eat at that restaurant? (frequently)

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h. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Wd kn nge dinsh jim.I watch that television program. (regularly)

i. !"#Wd wanshang li gdu.I walk my dog at night. (always)

j. !" !"

Wd kn dinycng.I see a movie. (every week).

31.32 You are writing to your Chinese pen pal in Mandarin, telling her about your

typical activities.

a. Say that except for the weekends, you go to class every day.b. Tell her that you begin class at 8:30 a.m. every day.c. Say that you usually get out of class at 4, but on Fridays you get out of

class at 1.d. Say that you work in a hospital every Friday afternoon.e. Tell her that when the weather is nice, you usually take a walk in the park

on Saturday afternoon.f. Say that you always go to see a movie with your friends on Saturday night.g. Say that you used to always eat at a restaurant on Sunday with your family.h. Tell her that you often stay in the dormitory on Sunday and do homework.

31.1, 33.3

Talking about habitual actions

84


32Talking about the future

1 Rewrite these sentences, putting the Mandarin time words in the appropriatelocation in the sentence. Translate your completed sentences into English.

Example: !"() !"#$ !"() !"#$Wnmen dk qi. (mngtipn) Wnmen mngtipn dk qi.

We are playing ball tomorrow.

a. !"#$%() !"#$%()Nc yo q nar tio we? (jhntifn)

b. !"#$%&() !"#$%&()Tf yhdng hu ydu hbn dui qin. (jifngli)

c. !"#$%( !) !"#$%( !)Wd qcng nc q kn dinycng. (mngtifn wanshang)

d. !"#$() !"#$()Shi q Zhinggu xux? (mngnin)

e. !"( !) !"( !)Wdmen fng ji. (xi g xhngqh)

f. !"#$%&'(( ) !"#$%&'(( )Wdmen dasuan q Ydl l7xng. (xi g yu)

g. !"#$%&() !"#$%&()Tifnq ybo shui hu xi xub. (hutifn)

h. !!"#$%( !) !!"#$%( !)Wd xiang gbi nainai da dinhu. (mngtifn zaoshang)

32.1

85

2 Complete these sentences with the Mandarin words or phrases that bestexpress the English translations.

a. __________ ! __________ !Wd __________ jihjn le.I will get married soon.

b. ! __________ ! __________ Qcng nc mngtifn li.Please come again tomorrow.

c. __________ __________ Mngtifn __________ xi ye.It may rain tomorrow.

d. __________ !"# __________ !"#Tf jhntifn __________ b li shngk le.He probably wont come to class today.

e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Nc __________ ggn tf jihjn ma?Are you willing to marry him?

f. __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$Nc __________ jifngli zh zi nar?Where do you plan to live in the future?

g. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd __________ zao yh dian xi k.I am thinking about leaving class a little early.

h. __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$Wd b yo __________ kn nge dinycng le.I dont want to see that movie again.

32.2, 32.3, 32.4

3 Wng Mng has made a list of things that he has to do. Rewrite the listin complete Mandarin sentences.

Example: this morning: !"#$%&'()*+,call girlfriend !"#$%&'()*+,

Wn jrntipn zkoshang yo gli wn de nupngyou dk dinhu.

Talking about the future

86


a. this afternoon: borrow money from roommateb. tomorrow morning: buy girlfriend a birthday presentc. the day after tomorrow: make reservation at restaurantd. next week: return money to roommatee. next Tuesday: borrow money from roommate againf. next month: definitely look for a job

32.1, 32.2

87

33Indicating completion andtalking about the past

1 Describe my older brothers dinner party in complete sentences in Mandarin.Pay attention to the position of time and location phrases in your sentences.

a. My older brother bought a house last month.b. Last week he invited some friends to his house to eat dinner.c. He cooked five dishes.d. He also made a soup.e. His friends gave him a bottle of wine. [ . . . sng . . . yhpng jie]f. They ate the food and drank the wine.

33.12 Describe the sequence of events at the dinner party in complete Mandarin

sentences using le, / ymhu, and ji.

Example: After my brother !"#$%&'!(got out of work, !"#$%&'!(he went home. Wn gqge xi le bpn ymhu ji hu jip le.

a. After the guests arrived, my older brother invited them to drink tea.b. After they drank tea, my older brother invited them to eat dinner.c. After they ate, they all sang some songs.d. After they sang, they went home.e. After they left, my older brother began to wash the dishes.

[ xc wash, /=pn zi dishes]f. After he washed the dishes he went to sleep.

33.2, 38.23 Wng Mng is getting ready for the new semester. Here is a list of things

he has done and things that he has not yet done. Translate the list intoMandarin in complete sentences.

Example: Done !"#$%&bought a computer !"#$%&

Wng Mng ymjing mki dinnko le.Not yet done !"#$%&'see his friends !"#$%&'

Wng Mng hi mi kn tp de pngyou.

88


Done Not yet done

a. select classes [/ xuan k] d. buy textbooksb. buy notebooks e. review Chinese characters

[ !/ ! fx Hn z]c. pay tuition [ / f. find classrooms [

f xufi] zhao jiosh]

33.1, 33.34 Wng Mngs mother asks him whether he has done the following.

Translate her questions into Chinese.

a. Have you cleaned your room? [ !=shiush wjzi]b. Have you done your homework? [ / zu zuy]c. Have you finished your essay? [ / xib zuwn]d. Have you looked for a job? [ zhao gingzu]e. Have you selected your classes?f. Have you bought your textbooks?

33.45 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, adding yu to indicate that the action

happened again in the past. Translate your sentences into English.

Example: !"#$% !"#$%& !"#$% !"#$%&Wnmen zutipn kko sh le. Wnmen zutipn yu kko

sh le.We took a test yesterday. We took a test again yesterday.

a. !"#$%Wd fme q le Rbbn.My parents went to Japan.

b. !"# !"#

Nc chj le cuw.You made a mistake.

c. !"#$%& !"#$%&

Wd gbi le tf rsh kui qin.I gave him $20.

d. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(

Wd ggn pngyou kn le nge dinycng.I saw a movie with friends.

e. !"# !"#

Wd da lnqi le.I played basketball.

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f. !"#$% !"#$%

Wd gbi tf da dinhu le.I gave her a phonecall. (I called her on the phone.)

33.56 Using the cues in parentheses, answer the following questions in complete

Mandarin sentences.

Example: !"#$%&(no) !"#$% !"#$%& !"#$%Nm chrgu Zhsnggu Wn mi chrgu Zhsnggu fn.fn mi ynu?

a. !"#$%&'(yes) !"#$%&'Nc ydu mi ydu knguo Zhinggu dinycng?

b. !"#$%&'(no) !"#$%&'Nc jhnnin jianchguo shgntc ma? [ !/ ! jianchshgntc have a physical exam]

c. !"#$%(two years) !"#$%Nc Yhngwn xuguo dui jie?

d. ! !"#$(never) !"#$%&'(Wd mi chhguo zhge ci. Nc ne?

e. !"#$%(no) !"#$%Nc kngu zh bbn shj ma?

f. !"#$[ / jhngj xu economics] (yes) !"#$Nc xugu jhngjxu ma?

g. !"OK[=OK kalf OK karaoke] (not yet) !"OKNc chngguo kalf OK ma?

h. !"#$%(yes) !"#$%

Nc chhgu Rbbn fn ma?

33.67 Fill in the blanks, using either /=guo, le, or / guo le as appropriate.

a. !"#$ __________ !"#$ __________ Wd mimei ggn tf pngyou q __________ Zhinggu.My younger sister and her friend went to China.

Indicating completion and talking about the past

90


b. !" __________ !"#$$%&'( __________ !" __________ !"#$$%&'( __________ Wd cngli mi q __________ Rbbn, kbsh wd ggge zi nr zh __________ liang nin.I have never been to Japan, but my older brother lived there for two years.

c. ! __________ ! ! __________ !Nc ydu mi ydu chh __________ Tigu fn?Have you eaten Thai food before?

d. !"#$ __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$ __________ Wdmen laoshh gbi wdmen jisho __________

Documents

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: Workbook