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Modern Shiftwork Schedules

Johannes GärtnerVienna University of TechnologyXIMES GmbH (A & D)

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XIMES

• Spin off - Vienna University of Technology – 1997 – Assoc. Prof. DI Dr. Johannes Gärtner and DI Sabine Wahl

• XIMES focuses on Working Time

– Software• Shift Plan Assistant - SPA: Shift plan design• Operating Hours Assistant - OPA: Design of Shifts, staffing• Time Intelligence: Forecasting, Staffing , WorkingHoursControlling• ..

– Consulting in Shiftwork (A, D, UK, …) > 500 projects

– Training Working Time Managers = Training of internal consultants(4 Days Software-Training + 9 Days Training on Working Time Management)> 90 participants

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Books by XIMES

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We go for WIN-WIN

Employer

Employees

+

+

–

–

We aim for intelligentsolutions

WIN-WINSituations

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Overview

Modern Shiftwork Schedules I – more complex patternsModern Shiftwork Schedules II – influence of employeesModern Shiftwork Schedules III – differing demandModern Shiftwork Schedules IV – varying demandModern Shiftwork Scheduling

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Modern Shiftwork Schedules I – more complex patterns

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Classical Shiftwork Schedules

Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa SoF FS SN N

Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa SoF FS SN N

discontinuos

part.continuos

close to continuos

full continuos

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SIMPLE ROTA STRUCTURES

Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E

Groupcombination

Group A A1A2A3A4A5

Group B B1B2B3B4B5

Enlargedgroups

Subgroup Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa SuGroup A

Group B Classicgroups

A1A2A3A4B1B2B3B4

A1A2B1B2C1C2D1D2E1E2

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Example Classical Schedules

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Example Group Combinations

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Modern Shiftwork Schedules II –Influence of employees

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Approach: Joint planning

We are experts for• Techniques & Calculations• How to go about planning

– Analyzing data– Developing plans– …

• external Knowledge– Ergonomics– Law

Managers & employees are experts for• Requirements• Judgments

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Individual schedules

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Modern Shiftwork Schedules III – Differing Demand

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Demand profiles

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Consequences of using more shifts

7h - 10h shifts:

02

4

6

8

10

1214

16

18

20

22

24

26

05:00 15:00 01:00 11:00 21:00 07:00 17:00 03:00 13:00 23:00 09:00 19:00 05:00 15:00 01:00 11:00 21:00Time

Mon

day

Tues

day

Wed

nesd

ay

Thur

sday

Frid

ay

Satu

rday

Sund

ay

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Modern Shiftwork Schedules IV – Changing Demand

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Ever changing demand & changes over the year

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Relation of working hours and number of customers

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Combining Plans

Plan A

Time

Dem

and

Ammending Plans

Flex-Element

Switching plans

Plan APlan A

Time

Dem

and

Plan B

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Flexibility – building blocks

StockForecast

Supply chain

Technique & OrganizationUsing Flexibility

Time accounts Shifts

Flexibility – Working time

Part Time Plans/Groups

Steering

FlexibilityScenarios Mechanisms

Vacation Time supplements

Controlling

Personnel

Leasing Qualification

Temps Parental leave...

Overtime

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Modern Shiftwork Scheduling

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Schedules connect …

• Efficient• Flexible• Effective

• Individual• Meeting demand• reliable• Easy to get• ...

CostsQuality of the

Service/Product

Working conditions

Schedules• Influence•Respect•Time off• Pressure• ...

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Working Time Management In most cases - isolated processes

Demand products/services

Act. Demand/RevenuesQuality of services

Duties/Staffing

Forecasting

Contingency ReservesRulesLong term planningShort term planning

Actual Times/CostsWorking Conditions

Personnel requirements

Data for Forecasts

Demand for Personnel

Calculation

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PROFESSIONAL WORKING TIME MANAGEMENTNEEDS INTEGRATION OF ALL PLANNING PROCESSES

– Forecasting– Staffing & shifts– Schedules– …

NEEDS INTEGRATION OF ALL PLANNING ASPECTS– costs.– ergonomic criteria and preferences of employees– quality of products and services.– all legal requirements.– …

NEEDS EDUCATED PLANNERS– Technique– Ergonomics– …

NEEDS MECHANISMS/RULES– Company flexibility– Individual flexibility