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FIRE TEST LABORATORY
AB 014
NOTIFIED BODY
NB 2434
Marta Walk, Helena Modrzejewska
Fire resistance barriers –review of requirements and
presentation of specific tests.
III International Conference
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLLING STOCK,
18th May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
Outline
•Fire tests conception
•Criteria - General requirements
•Performance requirements for fire barriers
•Examples of fire resistance tests
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
2
Fire tests conception - Definitions• Fire barrier - element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between
two adjacent areas of a railway vehicle, which in the event of a fire, resists the passage of flame and/or heat and/or effluents for a period of time under specified conditions.
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
3
Source: Tennants Building Products
Requirements for fire barriers for railway vehicles are specified in European Standard:
EN 45545-3 „Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 3:
Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers”
Fire tests conception
Examination of a fire barrier:
•in the conditions of high temperature / fully developed fire
•installed as in practice, as in actual railway vehicles
•placed in real position (vertical or horisantal)
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
4
Testing procedure
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
5
Furnace construction and testing requirements are based on EN 1363-1:2012
740°C
840°C
Criteria - General requirements
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
6
•Integrity criterion E
•Insulation criterion I
•Radiation criterion W
Integrity criterion - ETime, during which test specimen continues to maintain its separating function during the fire test
The assessment of INTEGRITY shall be made on the basis:
•Cracks or openings in excess of given dimensionsi.e. gaps larger than 25mm wide or 6mm wide and 15cm long
•Appearance of sustained flaming i.e. flaming in excess of 10 s duration.
Ø≥25mm
Insulation criterion - I
Time, during which the test specimen continues to maintain its separating functionwithout developing temperatureson the unexposed side, which are:
•ΔT average ≤ 140°C above ambient
•Δ T max ≤ 180°C above ambient
Radiation criterion - WTime, during which the test specimen continues to maintain its separating function without exceeding the given value [kW/m2] of radiation transferred on the unexposed side
Heat radiation - trasfer energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
According to EN 45545-3:
A product/element that satisfies the insulation criterion I is also deemed to satisfy
the W requirementfor the same period
Classification requirements for fire barriersAccording to EN 45545-3, the expected fire barrier performance falls within
the following requirements:
Minimum: No requirement;
Maximum E30/ E15 I15;*
Most common E15 or E10
The requirements for fire barriers depend on the operation categories and their location in the railway vehicle.
Operation Category of a railway vehicle - relationship between service, infrastructure and evacuation conditions for passengers and staff.
There are four OC categories, these will be explained on slides to follow.
*Type B arc barriers according to EN 45545-5 shall satisfy the requirements for an E60 fire barrier
Examples of Performance requirements
for fire barriers
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
11
Underfloor technical cabinet
12
Protected location
Floor
Fire origin Fire barrier
Operation
categoryRequirements
1,2 and 4 E15
3 E15; I15
Operation category 1 - Vehicles for operation
on infrastructure where railway vehicles may
be stopped with minimum delay, and
where a safe area can always be reached
immediately. The running time for Operation
Category 1 vehicles in the event of fire is not
specified as these vehicles may be stopped
with minimum delay and evacuation started.
Underfloor traction transformers or reactors filled with insulation fluid
13
Protected location
Floor
Fire origin Fire barrier
Operation
categoryRequirements
1 and 2 E15
3 and 4 E15; I15
Operation category 2 - Vehicles for operation
on underground sections, tunnels and/or
elevated structures, with side evacuation
available and where there are stations or
rescue stations that offer a place of safety to
passengers, reachable within a short running
time. The running time for Operation Category
2 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 4 min.
Fire in passenger area, protection of adjacent passenger area
14
Operation
categoryRequirements
1 , 2 and 4 No requirement
3 E15
Operation category 3 - Vehicles for operation
on underground sections, tunnels and/or
elevated structures, with side evacuation
available and where there are stations or
rescue stations that offer a place of safety to
passengers, reachable within a long running
time. The running time for Operation Category
3 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 15 min.
Fire barrier
Fire origin
Fire in passenger area, protection of driver’ s cab
15
Operation
categoryRequirements
1 , 2 No requirement
4 E10
3 E15; I15a
Operation category 4 - Vehicles for operation
on underground sections, tunnels and/or
elevated structures, without side
evacuation available and where there are
stations or rescue stations that offer a place of
safety to passengers, reachable within a short
running time. The running time for Operation
Category 4 vehicles in the event of fire shall be
4 min.
a I15 is required for vehicles subject to the
Directive 2008/57/EC. For other railway
vehicles W15 is required instead of I15.
Fire originFire barrier
Protected location
Luggage Compartments Luggage Container
Operation
categoryRequirements
1 No requirement
2 E15
3 E30
4 E30
Operation
categoryRequirements
1 E15
2 E15
3 E30
4 E30
Protected location: outside the luggage container
Fire origin: inside the luggage container Fire origin: inside the luggage compartment
Protected location: Passenger and Staff areas including driver’s cab
Examples of fire resistance tests Vertical furnace
Horizontal furnace
Unexposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
18
Hatch mounted in
the railway vehicle floor
Test according to:
EN 45545-3
EN 1363-1
EN 1634-2
Exposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
19
Hatch mounted in
the railway vehicle floor
Hatch - unexposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
20
Rrequirements for
barrier performance
E 15
Hatch - exposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
21
Barrier performance:
During 15 min
maintained fire integrity
Classification of barrier
E 15
Unexposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
22
Internal door mounted in
the railway vehicle wall
Test according to:
EN 45545-3
EN 1363-1
EN 1634-1
Exposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
23
Door mounted in
the railway vehicle wall
Door - exposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
24
Rrequirements for
barrier performance:
E 15
I 15
Door - unexposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
25
Barrier performance:
During 15 min
maintained fire integrity
and satisfied insulation
criterion.
Classification of barrier
E 15
I 15
Unexposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
26
Door mounted in
the railway vehicle wall
Test according to:
EN 45545-3
EN 1363-1
EN 1634-1
Exposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
27
Door mounted in
the railway vehicle wall
Door - unexposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
28
Rrequirements for
barrier performance:
E 15
Door - exposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
29
Barrier performance:
During 15 min
maintained fire integrity
Classification of barrier
E 15
Unexposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
30
Door mounted in
the electrical locomotive wall
Test according to:
ISO 834-1
EN 1363-1
Exposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
31
Door mounted in
the electrical locomotive wall
Door - unexposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
32
Rrequirements for
barrier performance:
E 15
Door - exposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
33
Barrier performance:
During 15 min
maintained fire integrity
Classification of barrier
E 15
Unexposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
34
Door mounted in
the wall between driver’s cab
and passenger area
Test according to:
ISO 834-1
EN 1363-1
Exposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
35
Door mounted in
the wall between driver’s cab
and passenger area
Test according to:
ISO 834-1
EN 1363-1
Door - unexposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
36
Rrequirements for
barrier performance:
E 10
Door - exposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
37
Barrier performance:
During 10 min
maintained fire integrity
Classification of barrier
E 10
Unexposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
38
Door mounted in
the front wall of coach
Test according to:
UIC 564-2
ISO 834-1
EN 1363-1
EN 1634-1
Exposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
39
Door mounted in
the wall between driver’s cab
and passenger area
Test according to:
UIC 564-2
ISO 834-1
EN 1363-1
EN 1634-1
Additional parameters:
Thermal insulation I
Radiation W
Door - unexposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
40
Barrier performance:
During 15 min
maintained fire integrity
and satisfied radiation
criterion.
Thermal insulation
criterion satisfied
during 9 min.
Classification of barrier
E 15
W 15
Door - exposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
41
Barrier performance:
During 15 min
maintained fire integrity
and satisfied radiation
criterion
Classification of barrier
E 15
W 15
Unexposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
42
Door mounted in
the front wall of passenger coach
Test according to:
UIC 564-2
ISO 834-1
EN 1363-1
EN 1634-1
Additional parameters:
Insulation I
Radiation W
Exposed side – before the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
43
Door mounted in
the front wall of passenger coach
Rrequirements for
barrier performance:
E 15
I 15
Door - unexposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
44
Barrier performance:
During 15 min satisfied
radiation criterion.
Fire integrity – maintained
during 13 min
Thermal insulation criterion
was satisfied during 12 min.
Classification of barrier
W 15
E 10
I 10
Door - exposed side – after the test
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
45
Requirements:
E 15
I 15
Classification of barrier
E 10
I 10
W 15
Conclusions
Floor above technical devices and equipment which can be the source of fire shall be designed as fire barrier with at least E15 or with E15 and I15 fire resistance.
This floors shall be tested according to EN 1364-2 standard (ceilings).
Walls between adjacent areas (passenger areas, driver’s cabs, luggage container or compartment and technical cabinet) designed as firebarriers are E10 or E15 and I15 or E30 fire resistance.
These walls shall be tested according to EN 1364-1 standard (walls).
Doors used in a fire barrier shall maintain fire resistance of the barrier and be tested according to EN 1634-1 standard (doors).
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION
IN ROLILNG STOCK
18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland
47
Thank you for attention