Modified Solar Report for photovoltaics

8/9/2019 Modified Solar Report for photovoltaics

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Solar Energy:

Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum ofelectromagnetic radiation given

off by the Sun. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and solar radiationis obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.

Various Technologies For Tapping Solar Energy:

PV Technologies:

Mono-Crystalline.

Poly-Crystalline.

Micro-Crystalline.

Thin-Film Technologies:

Amorphous-Si.

Cadmium-Telluride.

Copper Indium Selenide /Sulphide.

And other Technologies:

Parabolic Trough Dish Sterling.

PV Technology:

A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity

by the photovoltaic effect. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices

intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight such as solar panels and solar

cells, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the light source is unspecified.

Assemblies of cells are used to make solar panels, solar modules, or photovoltaic

arrays. The energy generated this way is an example ofsolar energy (also known as

solar power).

Mono-Crystalline:

Mono-Crystalline Si is often made by single crystal a wafer cell which tends to be very expensive as they

are cut from cylindrical IGNOTS.The main advantage of these cells is the efficiency (14 to 17%).

The cost of these module is about 4.25 $/Wp

Poly-Crystalline:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_spectrum


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Cells are made from large blocks of Molten-Si carefully cooled and solidified. Even though this type of

cells are less expensive compared to mono-crystalline but they are less efficient (12 to 14%).

The cost of Poly-Crystalline module is about 2.25$/Wp

Thin Film Technology:

The various thin-film technologies currently being developed reduce the amount (or

mass) of light absorbing material required in creating a solar cell. This can lead to

reduced processing costs from that of bulk materials (in the case of silicon thin

films) but also tends to reduce energy conversion efficiency (an average of 7 to

10% efficiency), although many multi-layer thin films have efficiencies above those

of bulk silicon wafers.

The cost of these module is about 1.48$/Wp

Cell Technologies And ManufacturersS.n

oTechnologies Manufacturers

Country

Tie Upsin INDIA

1 MonoCrystalline

Shandong Linuo PhotovoltaicHi-Tech

China

Arise TechnologiesCorporation

Canada

Canrom Photovoltaics Canada

USL Photovoltaics PrivateLimited

India

Central Electronics

Limited(CEL)

India

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.(BHEL)

India

2 Poly Crystalline Hemlock Semiconductor USARenewable EnergyCorporation ASA (REC)

Norway

NO

Spectra Watt Usa NOMEMC Electronic Materials USA NOUSL Photovoltaics PrivateLimited

India

MoserBaer India

3

Thin Film Wafers

Amorphous-Si Novergy IndiaSanyo KORE

A NOSolar Cell Centr

alEurope NO

Dupont China Sunergy


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CadmiumTelluride

First Solar USA

NOPrime Star USAAbound Solar Colard

o

copper indiumgalliumdiselenide

Nano Solar USAPaBhuVan Inc.

HelioVolt Corporation USA NO

Thin Film wafers have become popular compared to wafer silicon due to

lower costs and advantages including flexibility, lighter weights, and ease

of integration.

Seeking for the low cost and effective utilization we have

chosen Thin Film Technology in our project.

Thin Film ModuleManufacturer

S.no Company

Country

cells andModules

Amorphous-Si

1 Novergy(7.7Cr/MW) India Both

2 Sunergy(8.4Cr/MW) India Modules

3 HHV Solar India Both

4 Signet Solar USA Modules

5 Kaneka Japan Modules

6 Solar Thin Films USA Modules

CdTe

1 First Solar USA Both

2 Abound Solar USA Both

3 Prime StarColarado Both

copper indium galliumdiselenide

1 Nano Solar USA Both

2 HelioVolt Corporation USA Both

Why Thin Film Technology Preferred in our Project?

1. The Temp. Coefficient of a-Si panels is 50% better than c-SI panels


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2. The irradiation coefficient of a-Si panels is 25% better than c-Si panels

3. For the same Wattage considered the cost incurred for the Thin Film is very lesscompared to MONO and POLY Crystalline Technology

INVERTER:

The power conditioning and control system is constituted by an inverter that converts direct current to

alternating current and controls the quality of the output power to be delivered to the grid, also by meansof an L-C filter inside the inverter itself.

INVERTER SUPPLIERS

S.no Company Address Items LocationCost/MWRs inCrores

1 Samil Power(Includes MPPT)

INVERTERS andPV ARRAYCombiners

China1.25

2 AutoronicaIndia(includesMPPT)

Inverters ,Battery Chargers, ChargeControllers

INDIANCOMPANY(Haryana)

3.25

3 Sterling Systems Inverters ,Battery Chargers.

INDIANCOMPANY(Haryana)

NOTAVAILABLE

4 ABB solar Inverters , Thinfilm Modules

India

5 DB PowerElectronics

Inverters India

6 Siemens AG Inverters Germany

7 Akowa ElectronicsCo., Ltd.

Solar Inverters China

8 Power MasterTechnology Co.,Ltd.

Solar Inverters china


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9 XANTREXTechnology

All accessoriesRequired forsolar plant

Germany

10 SMA Inverters US

11

Leonics

Inverters Thailand

Type ofCost

CERC Cost

SuggestedCr/MW

CaluclatedCost

forQuotationCr/MW

Description costperc

nt

Land Cost 0.15 Cr/MW 0.075 Cr/MW1.5 Lac /acre , 5acres/MW=> 1.5*5=7.5lac

0.08

0.6

Civil andGeneralWorks

0.90 Cr/MW 0.50 Cr/MW 5% of plant cost0.50

4.1

PV Modules 10.19 Cr/MW 7.7 Cr/MW

Total module costobtained for 10MW is

= 77.0 Cr =>7.70/MW

7.70

63

MountingStructures

1 Cr/MW 0.80 Cr/MW

As CERC mentionedboundary value as 1Cr/MW for those whouses thinfilm

0.80

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PowerConditioningUnit

2 Cr/MW

Inverter(includesMPPT)--> 1.2Cr/MW

Total cost obtained for10 MW = 12.59 Cr =>1.2Cr/MW

1.20

10.0

EvacuationCost upto

Inter-connectionPoint(Cables

Transformers)

0.85 Cr/MW0.076 Cr/MW +0.20 Cr/MW

Two 5 MVA tranformers= 38,24,482 * 2 =>(76,48,964) for 10MWand cable cost

0.28

2.3

Preliminaryand Pre-Operative

1.81 Cr/MW 1.5 Cr/MW Preliminary includesacquainting with thePlant before proceeding

1.5012.4


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Expenses to start.

TotalCapitalCost

16.90

Cr/MW

12.05

Cr/MW

12.

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Documents

Modified Solar Report for photovoltaics