Modifiers Guide

ESCAPE HYBRID

MARINER HYBRID

MODIFIERS GUIDE

2008

TABLEOF

CONTENTS

1 General Information

2 Electrical

3 Mounting

4 Reference

INTRODUCTION

SECTIONS

NOTE: The descriptions and specifications contained in this manual were in effect at the time this manual was approved for printing. Ford Motor Company reserves the right to discontinue models at any time, or change specifications or design without notice and without incurring any obligation.

All rights reserved. Reproduction by any means, elec tron ic or me chan i cal, in clud ing pho to copy ing, recording, or by any in for ma tion storage and re triev al system or trans la tion in whole or part is not per mit ted without writ ten au tho ri za tion from Ford Mo tor Company.

Copyright © 2007, Ford Motor Company

SECTION 0

Introduction

Contents

Introduction.......................................................................................0-1

Genuine Ford Accessories For Your Vehicle ..............................0-1

Considerations When Using or Installing Accessories ............0-2

2008 Escape Hybrid, Mariner Hybrid Modifiers Guide, 12/2006

Introduction 0-1

Introduction

Ford Motor Company has assembled this Escape/Mariner Hybrid Modifier Guide to assist vehiclemodifiers in producing safe and quality products. Ford believes that safety and quality come first.To achieve customer satisfaction, we want to assist modifiers in achieving the highest standards ofsafety and quality in their products.

This book is divided into topics pertinent to modifiers of vehicles. Reference is made to the currentEscape/Mariner Hybrid Workshop Manual for appropriate service procedures, torque specifications,component separation clearances and other standard information which is common with theunmodified vehicle. Specifications which are unique to the guide are designated.

This modifier guide is not a ‘‘how-to’’ book, it should be used as a checklist to help make sure thatcertain important steps in the modification process are considered. While Ford is providing thisinformation to assist modifiers, it does not warrant the products, methods, materials or theworkmanship of the modifier. Nor does it warrant against failures that result from the modificationof a vehicle.

Following the guidelines contained in this guide does not assure individual modifiers that theproducts they modify comply with U.S. Federal or Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards ineffect at the time of the modification. The guidelines set forth are based on engineering analysis oftypical vehicles. If followed, the modifier’s efforts in certifying vehicles to applicable standardsshould be aided. Compliance testing that may be required for certification of specific vehicleconfigurations or construction is, however, the sole responsibility of the individual modifier.

Genuine Ford Accessories For Your Vehicle

A wide selection of Genuine Ford Accessories are available for your vehicle through your localauthorized Ford or Ford of Canada dealer. These quality accessories have been specificallyengineered to fulfill your automotive needs; they are custom designed to complement the style andaerodynamic appearance of your vehicle. In addition, each accessory is made from high qualitymaterials and meets or exceeds Ford’s rigorous engineering and safety specifications. Ford MotorCompany will repair or replace any properly dealer-installed Genuine Ford Accessory found to bedefective in factory-supplied materials or workmanship during the warranty period, as well as anycomponent damaged by the defective accessory. The accessory will be warranted for whicheverprovides you the greatest benefit:

• 12 months or 12,000 miles (20,000 km) (whichever occurs first), or

• the remainder of your new vehicle limited warranty.

This means that Genuine Ford Accessories purchased along with your new vehicle and installedby the dealer are covered for the full length of your New Vehicle’s Limited Warranty — 3 years or36,000 miles (60,000 km) (whichever occurs first). Contact your dealer for details and a copy ofthe warranty.


0-2 Introduction

Introduction

Considerations When Using or Installing Accessories

For maximum vehicle performance, keep the following information in mind when addingaccessories or equipment to your vehicle:

• When adding accessories, equipment, passengers and luggage to your vehicle, do not exceedthe total weight capacity of the vehicle or of the front or rear axle (GVWR or GAWR as indicatedon the Safety Compliance Certification label). Consult your dealer for specific weight information.

• The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Canadian Radio TelecommunicationsCommission (CRTC) regulate the use of mobile communications systems — such as 2-wayradios, telephones and theft alarms that are equipped with radio transmitters. Any suchequipment installed in your vehicle should comply with FCC or CRTC regulations and should beinstalled only by a qualified service technician.

• Mobile communications systems may harm the operation of your vehicle, particularly if they arenot properly designed for automotive use.

• To avoid interference with other vehicle functions, such as anti-lock braking systems, amateurradio users who install radios and antennas onto their vehicle should not locate the AmateurRadio Antennas in the area of the driver’s side hood.

• Electrical or electronic accessories or components that are added to the vehicle by the dealer orthe owner may adversely affect battery performance and durability.


SECTION 1

General Information

Contents

Section 1: General Information ........................................................1-1

Important Safety Notice................................................................1-1

Notes, Cautions and Warnings.................................................1-2

Making Safety Devices and Elements Inoperative...................1-3

Good Practices .............................................................................1-3

Process and Quality Assurance Systems ................................1-3

Quality Assurance.....................................................................1-4

Minimum and Maximum Screw Sizes ......................................1-4

Tires and Loading.........................................................................1-4

Tire Replacement Requirements ..............................................1-4

Using Snow Tires and Traction Devices ..................................1-5

Vehicle Loading ........................................................................1-5

Vehicle Storage ............................................................................1-6

Vehicle Storage — General......................................................1-6

Vehicle Storage — Electrical ....................................................1-6

Vehicle Storage — Body ..........................................................1-7

Vehicle Storage — Engine .......................................................1-7


SECTION 1

General Information

Contents (Continued)Vehicle Storage — Fuel System ..............................................1-7

Vehicle Storage — Tires...........................................................1-7


General Information 1-1

Section 1: General Information

Important Safety Notice

Note: The descriptions and specifications contained in this guide were in effect at the time thismanual was approved for printing. Ford Motor Company reserves the right to discontinuemodels at any time, or change specifications or design without notice and without incurringobligation.

Appropriate repair methods and procedures are essential for the safe, reliable operation of allmotor vehicles as well as the personal safety of the individual doing the work. This manualprovides general directions and guidelines for performing modifications to the Escape/MarinerHybrid. Following them will help assure reliability.

There are numerous variations in procedures, techniques, tools and parts for modifying vehicles,as well as in the skill of the individual doing the work. This manual cannot possibly anticipate allsuch variations and provide advice or cautions as to each. Accordingly, anyone who departs fromthe instructions provided in this manual must first establish that he compromises neither hispersonal safety nor the vehicle integrity by his choice of methods, tools or parts.


1-2 General Information


Notes, Cautions and Warnings

As you read through this guide, you will come across NOTES, CAUTIONS and WARNINGS. Eachone is there for a specific purpose. NOTES give you added information that will help you tocomplete a particular procedure. CAUTIONS are given to prevent you from making an error thatcould damage the vehicle. WARNINGS remind you to be especially careful in those areas wherecarelessness can cause you personal injury. The following list contains some general warningsthat you should follow when you work on a vehicle.

WARNING:

• Before carrying out any vehicle modifications, the high-voltage traction battery (HVTB)must be depowered. Failure to follow these instructions may result in severe personalinjury or death.

• The nominal HVTB voltage is 330 volts DC. A buffer zone must be set up and high-voltageinsulated safety gloves and a face shield must be worn when modifying the vehicle inclose proximity to the high-voltage system. Failure to follow these instructions may resultin severe injury or death.

• The HVTB and charging system contain high-voltage components and wiring.High-voltage cables and wiring are orange in color. High-voltage insulated safety glovesand a face shield must be worn when modifying the vehicle in close proximity to thehigh-voltage system. Failure to follow these instructions may result in severe personalinjury or death.

• The high-voltage insulated safety rubber insulating gloves that are to be worn whenmodifying the vehicle in close proximity to the high-voltage system should be of theappropriate safety and protection rating for use on the high-voltage system. They must beinspected before use and must always be worn in conjunction with the leather outergloves. Any hole in the rubber insulating glove is a potential entry point for high voltage.Failure to follow these instructions may result in severe personal injury or death.

• Exposure to high voltage may result in severe personal injury or death. High voltagecomponents must be serviced by a trained service technician.

• Always wear safety glasses for eye protection.

• Use safety stands whenever a procedure requires you to be under the vehicle.

• Make sure that the ignition switch is always in the OFF position, unless otherwiserequired by the procedure.

• Set the parking brake when working on the vehicle. The gear selector should be set inPARK unless instructed otherwise for a specific operation. Place wood blocks (4 inch x 4inch or larger) against the front and rear surfaces of the tires to help prevent the vehiclefrom moving.

• Operate the engine only in a well-ventilated area to avoid the danger of carbon monoxidepoisoning.




• Keep yourself and your clothing away from moving parts when the engine is running,especially the drive belts.

• To reduce the risk of serious burns, avoid contact with hot metal parts such as theradiator, exhaust manifold, tailpipe, catalytic converter and muffler.

• Do not smoke while working on a vehicle.

• To reduce the risk of injury, always remove rings, watches, loose hanging jewelry andloose clothing before beginning to work on a vehicle.

• When it is necessary to work under the hood, keep hands and other objects clear of theradiator fan blades.

• Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury.

CAUTION:

• Do not disable the A/C system. It is used to cool the high voltage traction battery (HVTB).

• Before placing the vehicle in a paint booth, insure that the high-voltage traction battery(HVTB) is not installed in the vehicle. High paint booth temperatures may damage theHVTB.

• Place the service disconnect plug into the SERVICING SHIPPING position while carryingout any vehicle modifications. If the service disconnect plug is left out and placed on thebench or toolbox, dirt or other contaminants may enter the HVTB, which can causedamage.

Making Safety Devices and Elements Inoperative

The vehicle contains many safety features required by Federal or Canadian Motor Vehicle SafetyStandards. These features, which include the key-in-ignition chime and brake lights, should neverbe disabled or modified.

CFR 49 Section 30122 states that ‘‘A manufacturer, distributor, dealer or motor vehicle repairbusiness may not knowingly make inoperative any part of a device or element of design installedon or in a motor vehicle or motor vehicle equipment in compliance with an applicable motor vehiclesafety standard prescribed under this chapter unless the manufacturer, distributor, dealer or repairbusiness reasonably believes the vehicle or equipment will not be used (except for testing or asimilar purpose during maintenance or repair) when the device or element is inoperative.’’

Good Practices

Process and Quality Assurance Systems

A formalized Process and Quality Assurance Systems check may be helpful in consistentlyproducing high quality products. An overview of some of the key items for such a system areoutlined in this section.




Quality Assurance

Completed unit sign-off: All control items should be inspected with a written sign-off. All labelsshould be inspected and signed off, including verification that the information on the labels iscorrect. All appropriate systems should be checked for leaks. A road test should be performed toverify that all systems are operating correctly. All systems and functions that were provided byFord should be checked to make sure that they function correctly after the build process.

The modifier’s Process and Quality Assurance Systems should also make sure that appropriatetraining is provided to the employees.

Minimum and Maximum Screw Sizes

When installing aftermarket equipment, avoid using fasteners that are too long for the applicationor are in an area which might damage vehicle components, including wiring, brake lines, fuel tankand lines, powertrain components, exhaust system and suspension.

Tires and Loading

Tire Replacement Requirements

WARNING: Only use replacement tires and wheels that are the same size and type(such as P-metric versus LT-metric or all-season versus all-terrain) as those originallyprovided by Ford. Use of any tire or wheel not recommended by Ford can affect the safetyand performance of your vehicle, which could result in an increased risk of loss of vehiclecontrol, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death. Additionally the use ofnon-recommended tires and wheels could cause steering, suspension, axle or transfercase/power transfer unit failure. If you have questions regarding tire replacement, see anauthorized Ford or Lincoln Mercury dealer.

WARNING: Do not install an offroad, aggressive tread or incorrectly sized tire. Any ofthese may cause elevated stress to the steering system. This can cause the power steeringsystem to overheat and shut off the power assist, which can affect the safety andperformance of your vehicle.

Note: The Escape/Mariner Hybrid vehicle is equipped with a reduced rolling resistance tiredesign. The use of a different tire can effect the fuel economy of your vehicle.

Make sure all tires and wheels on the vehicle are of the same size, type, tread design, brand,load-carrying capacity and speed rating because it can affect the safety and performance of yourvehicle, which could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personalinjury and death.




Using Snow Tires and Traction Devices

Note: Snow tires must be the same size and grade as originally equipped on your vehicle.

The tires on your vehicle have all-weather treads to provide traction in rain and snow. However, insome climates, using snow tires or traction devices may be necessary.

Follow these guidelines when using snow tires and traction devices:

• SAE Class ‘‘S’’ cables should ONLY be used on the front axle tires.

• Install cables or chains securely, verifying that the cables or chains do not touch any wiring,brake lines or fuel lines.

• Drive cautiously. If you hear the cables or chains rub or bang against the vehicle, stop andretighten them. If this does not work, remove the cables or chains to prevent vehicle damage.

• Avoid overloading your vehicle.

• Remove the cables or chains when they are no longer needed.

• Do not use cables or chains on dry roads.

• Do not exceed 48 km/h (30 mph) with tire cables or chains on your vehicle.

Consult your dealer for information on other Ford approved methods of traction control.

Vehicle Loading

WARNING: The appropriate loading capacity of your vehicle can be limited either byvolume capacity (how much space is available) or by payload capacity (how much weightthe vehicle should carry). Once you have reached the maximum payload of your vehicle, donot add more cargo, even if there is space available. Overloading or improperly loadingyour vehicle can contribute to loss of vehicle control and vehicle rollover.

WARNING: Exceeding the Safety Compliance Certification Label axle and/or vehicleweight rating limits could result in substandard vehicle handling or performance, engine,transmission and/or structural damage, serious damage to the vehicle, loss of control andpersonal injury.

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) — is the maximum allowable weight of the fully loadedvehicle (including all options, equipment, passengers and cargo). The GVWR is shown on theSafety Compliance Certification Label located on the B-pillar or the edge of the driver’s door.




Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) — is the maximum allowable weight that can be carried by asingle axle (front or rear). These numbers are shown on the Safety Compliance Certification Labellocated on the B-pillar or the edge of the driver’s door. The total load on each axle must neverexceed its GAWR.

WARNING: Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than theoriginal tires because they may lower the vehicle’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)and Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) limitations. Replacement tires with a higher limitthan the originals do not increase the GVWR and GAWR limitations.

Steps for determining the correct load limit:

• Locate the statement ‘‘The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXXkg or XXX lb’’ on your vehicle’s placard.

• Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.

• Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kg or XXX lb.

• The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. Forexample, if the ‘‘XXX’’ amount equals 1,400 lb and there will be five 150 lb passengers in yourvehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lb (1400 - 750 (5 x 150)= 650 lb). In metric units (635 - 340 (5 x 68) = 295 kg).

• Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weightmay not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in the stepabove.

Vehicle Storage

Vehicle Storage — General

• Vehicles should be stored in a dry, ventilated place, and protected from sunlight, if possible.

• If vehicles are stored outside, maintenance against rust and damage, as described below, isrecommended.

CAUTION: Keep all rubber parts free from oil and solvents.

Vehicle Storage — Electrical

Note: Extended storage times which result in the discharge of the low- or high-voltage batteriesmay result in the setting of DTCs and/or a no start condition.




Your vehicle must be started and run for a minimum of 10 minutes once a month in order tomaintain the high-voltage battery charge. This will maintain the high-voltage battery but it is notenough to maintain the low-voltage (underhood) battery and additional low-voltage (underhood)battery charging may be required after 60 days.

If your vehicle is to be stored for 30 days or longer, the low-voltage (underhood) battery negativeterminal must be disconnected. Failure to do this could damage your vehicle’s battery systems.

Vehicle Storage — Body

• Wash vehicle thoroughly to remove dirt, grease, oil, tar or mud from exterior surfaces andunderside of front fender.

• Periodically wash vehicles stored in exposed locations.

• Touch up exposed raw or primed metal to provide rust protection.

• Cover chrome and stainless steel parts with a thick coat of auto wax to prevent discoloration.Rewax as necessary when the vehicle is washed.

• Lubricate all hood, door hinges and latches with a light grade oil.

• Cover the interior soft trim to prevent fading.

Vehicle Storage — Engine

• Start the engine every month. Run it at fast idle until it reaches normal operating temperature.

• With foot on brake pedal (and brake applied), shift the transmission into all gears while theengine is running.

Vehicle Storage — Fuel System

• Regularly move vehicles short distances to mix fuel anti-oxidation agents.

Note: During extended periods of vehicle storage (60 days or more) gasoline may deteriorate dueto oxidation. This can damage rubber and other polymers in the fuel system and may clogsmall orifices. A commercially available gasoline fuel stabilizer (Sta-Bil or equivalent)should be added to gasoline-powered vehicles whenever actual or expected storageperiods exceed 60 days. The manufacturer’s instructions packaged with the product shouldbe followed. The vehicle should then be operated at an idle speed to circulate the additivethroughout the fuel system.

Vehicle Storage — Tires

Most high performance tires are made with nylon overlay.




As such, the following steps should be taken to avoid flat spotting when the vehicles are not usedfor a period of time.

• Store the vehicles with 303 kPa (44 psi) in the tires. If the cars are to be driven, the air pressureshould be reduced to recommended operating pressure and then increased back up to 303 kPa(44 psi) when returned to storage.

• If the vehicle is stored for periods longer than 30 days, it should be moved several feet at leastonce during each 30-day period, so that a different portion of the tread contacts the ground.


SECTION 2

Electrical

Contents

Section 2: Electrical .........................................................................2-1

Electrical Basics ...........................................................................2-1

Electrical Terms ........................................................................2-1

Control Modules — Red Area......................................................2-2

Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus ............................................2-2

General Electrical Considerations ................................................2-2

Communication Equipment.......................................................2-2

Vehicle Speed Signal................................................................2-2

Disabling Brake Lights ..............................................................2-2

High- and Low-Voltage Systems..................................................2-2

12-Volt Battery ..........................................................................2-3

High-Voltage Traction Battery (HVTB) .....................................2-3

DC/DC Converter ......................................................................2-4

DC/AC Inverter and AC Power Point .......................................2-4

Auxiliary Power Point — 12V ...................................................2-5

Buffer Zone...................................................................................2-5

Rubber Insulating Gloves Testing ................................................2-6


SECTION 2

Electrical

Contents (Continued)High-Voltage Traction Battery (HVTB) SystemsDepowering .................................................................................2-7

Electrical Systems Management ..................................................2-9

Generator Output..........................................................................2-9

Vehicle Component Electrical Loads .........................................2-10

Typical Police/Taxi Equipment................................................2-11

General Guidelines.....................................................................2-11

Keep-Alive Memory Power .....................................................2-12

Equipment Grounding Guidelines...........................................2-12

Wire Insulation ........................................................................2-12

Terminals and Connectors......................................................2-13

Circuit Protection and Electrical Load ....................................2-14

Wire Protection Requirements................................................2-15

Grommets and Sealing Requirements ...................................2-17

Wire Routing ...........................................................................2-17

Wire Retention and Routing ...................................................2-19

Splices and Repairs ...................................................................2-21


SECTION 2

Electrical

Contents (Continued)Recommended Splicing Method — Solder (For 16AWG and Smaller Diameter Wire Only) ...............................2-21

Heat Shrinkable Tubing (Heat Shrink) (FordSpecification ESB-M99D56-A2) ............................................2-24

Recommended Splicing Method — Crimp (For 10 -22 AWG Diameter Wire to Like Wire Diameter) ..................2-24

Wiring Reference Information.....................................................2-27

Wiring Diagrams .....................................................................2-27

Connector End Views .............................................................2-30

Connector and Ground Locator ..............................................2-32


Electrical 2-1

Section 2: Electrical

Electrical Basics

Inside a vehicle, electricity is supplied through ‘‘hot’’ wires, comparable to the pressurized supplypipes of a plumbing system. At various points along the wires are outlets in the form of lights,switches and receptacles. Turning on a light switch is somewhat like opening a faucet to let waterrun, an electric current flows through the hot wire to make the light glow. Once the electricity hasdone its work, its potential drops to zero, just as water loses pressure after flowing through a sinkor laundry tub. The electrical system has ‘‘drains’’, which are the ground wires that return thecurrent to its source, just as a plumbing system has drain pipes through which water runs into thesewer mains or the ground.

The light or equipment powered by the current, technically called the load, can be compared to awater wheel that remains motionless until a stream of water causes it to turn. A load may be oneof 2 kinds. The first consists of a resistance, a material that permits the passage of electriccurrent, but only with difficulty and thereby creates heat. The tungsten filament of an incandescentbulb is resistance; so is the heating element of an electric heater of a coffee pot. A load may alsobe an inductance, typically a motor with windings of copper wire, in which the magnetic fieldsgenerated by the current create motion. At any moment, the demand on an electrical systemdepends on the number of loads in operation and their consumption of energy, just as demand ona water system depends on how many faucets are opened and how wide they are opened.

The mechanics and physical fittings of the system are simple. Current moves throughout thevehicle in wires of different sizes, according to the current a circuit may have to carry. Power issupplied directly to equipment through connectors.

Electrical Terms

VOLT is the unit of electrical potential, equal to the difference of electrical potential between 2points on a circuit.

AMPERE is the unit used to measure the amount of current, that is, the number of electricallycharged particles called electrons, that flows past a given point on a circuit each second. It issimilar to measuring the amount of water flowing through a pipe at any given point. The larger thepipe is, the more water that can flow past the point per second. Similarly, the bigger the wire is,the more current that can flow through it at any given point. Current that has lost its voltage stillhas amperage as it completes the circuit and returns to the battery.

WATT is the unit of power. It indicates that rate at which a device converts electric current toanother form of energy, either heat or motion, or to put it another way, the rate at which a deviceconsumes energy.

The relationship of volts, amperes and watts to one another is expressed in a simple equation thatenables you to make any calculations you may need for proper and safe electrical modifications tothe vehicle. Volts x amperes = watts. If the current is at 12 volts and a device requires 4 amperesof current, the equation will read 12 volts x 4 amperes = 48 watts.

To figure the current needed for a device rated in watts, turn the equation around: Watts/volts =amperes. For example, if you have a piece of equipment, such as a communications radio, thatuses 120 watts: 120 watts/12 volts = 10 amperes.


2-2 Electrical


Control Modules — Red Area

Do not install any components into the control modules or module harness. Connecting into thissystem may affect control module operation. As an example: connection of aftermarket electricalequipment into the brake light circuit or any other circuit which is connected to the PCM, anti-lockbrake computer, air bag system or any other vehicle system will cause vehicle malfunction.

Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus

CAUTION: Wiring faults in the controller area network (CAN) bus may shut down thevehicle and prevent further operation.

Do not splice or connect any equipment to the controller area network (CAN) bus wiring.

General Electrical Considerations

Communication Equipment

Mobile communication systems may harm the operation of the vehicle, particularly if they are notproperly designed for automotive use or are not properly installed. For example, when operated,such systems may cause the engine to stumble or stall. Citizen band (CB) transceivers, garagedoor openers and other transmitters whose power output is 5 watts or less will not ordinarily affectthe operation of the vehicle.

Vehicle Speed Signal

The vehicle speed signal is sent from the PCM to other vehicle modules through the CAN bus.There is no specific wire or circuit that carries the vehicle speed signal pulses.

Disabling Brake Lights

Do not disable the brake light circuits for any reason.

Disabling the A/C System

Do not disable the A/C system. It is used to cool the high voltage traction battery (HVTB)

High- and Low-Voltage Systems

CAUTION: Do not splice the high-voltage system. Voltage in the system is in therange of 216 to 397 volts. Damage may occur to equipment added to the system.


Electrical 2-3


The high-voltage system has a floating ground. When the engine is operating or the vehicle ismoving, the high-voltage generator begins to generate high voltage, alternating current (AC)electricity. High-voltage AC electricity can be consumed or generated by the motor generator, thetraction motor or a combination of both motors. Excess high-voltage current is converted fromhigh-voltage AC to high-voltage direct current (DC) electrical power inside the motor generator unitand transmitted through the high-voltage cables. The high-voltage DC electrical power is convertedto low-voltage DC electrical power through the DC/DC converter. This low-voltage DC electricalpower is then supplied to the 12-volt battery through the low-voltage battery cables.

12-Volt Battery

The 12-volt battery is a standard automotive battery. It is a DC source connected in a negativeground system. The battery case is sealed, with 2 vent holes to release gases. The battery has 3major functions:

• Storage of electricity for later use

• Voltage stabilizer for the electrical system

• Temporary power source when electrical loads exceed the DC/DC converter output current

High-Voltage Traction Battery (HVTB)

CAUTION: Do not splice the high-voltage wiring. Voltage in the system is in the rangeof 216 to 397 volts. Damage may occur to equipment added to the system.

The high-voltage traction battery (HVTB) is a 216-397 volt DC source connected in a floatingground system. The battery receives, stores and delivers high-voltage electrical power whenrequired. It contains the traction battery control module (TBCM), which controls the higherfunctions of the battery. The TBCM also estimates the state of charge, estimates the poweravailable, estimates the power it can absorb and controls the battery temperature. The TBCMcontrols the battery temperature by activating or deactivating the fans contained within the HVTBand by activating or deactivating the air conditioning system for the HVTB. Also contained withinthe HVTB is a low-voltage charger that is used during the jump start procedure. For additionalinformation about the jump start procedure, refer to the Owner’s Literature.


2-4 Electrical


Figure 1.

1. High-voltage connector shield

2. Service disconnect

3. High-voltage battery case

DC/DC Converter

The DC/DC converter is a liquid-cooled component that converts high-voltage (216-397 volts) DCpower to low-voltage (12 volts) DC power while maintaining electrical isolation between the 2 DCpower systems. The converter steps down the high voltage to 12 volts, providing power to thevehicle low-voltage battery systems. The PCM controls the operation of the DC/DC converterthrough an enable input from the PCM to the DC/DC converter.

DC/AC Inverter and AC Power Point

Note: Do not keep electrical devices plugged in the power point whenever the device is not inuse. It is not recommended to use any extension cord with the 110 VAC power point, sinceit will defeat the safety protection design provided by the cap and twist tab. It will alsocause the power point to overload due to powering multiple devices that can reach beyondthe 150 watt load limit.

The DC/AC inverter converts 12-volt DC to 110-volt AC to power a device that uses AC currentwith a rating of less than 150 watts. The power point will automatically shut off if the load exceeds150 watts. This prevents damage to the inverter or load. The inverter supplies 110-volt AC poweronly when the key is in the ON/START position. This reduces the draw on the 12-volt systemwhen the vehicle is not running. The DC/AC inverter outlet (AC power point) is equipped with agreen LED that indicates the system integrity. The green LED illuminates continuously when thekey is in the ON/START position and the system is operating normally. The green LED flashesconstantly if the key is in the ON/START position and a fault is detected. Short circuits, overloadsor overheating of the inverter will cause the green LED to flash and the power to be cut off to theoutlet. If the LED is flashing, the problem must be corrected (that is, short circuit or excessiveload). If the inverter is overheated, it must be allowed time to cool off (without the load connected).


Electrical 2-5


The power outlet is not designed for the following electric appliances; they may not work properly:

• Cathode ray tube type televisions

• Motor loads, such as vacuum cleaners, electric saws and other electric power tools,compressor-driven refrigerators

• Measuring devices, which process precise data, such as medical equipment, measuringequipment

• Other appliances requiring an extremely stable power supply: microcomputer-controlled electricblankets, touch sensor lamps

Auxiliary Power Point — 12V

CAUTION: Power outlets are designed for accessory plugs only. Do not insert anyother object in the power outlet as this will damage the outlet and blow the fuse. Do nothang any type of accessory or accessory bracket from the plug. Improper use of the poweroutlet can cause damage not covered by your warranty.

Note: Do not use the power point for operating the cigarette lighter element (if equipped).

To prevent the fuse from being blown, do not use the power point(s) over the vehicle capacity of12-VDC/180W.

To prevent the battery from being discharged, do not use the power point longer than necessarywhen the engine is not running.

Buffer Zone

WARNING: The nominal high-voltage traction battery (HVTB) voltage is 330 volt DC. Abuffer zone must be set up and high-voltage insulated safety gloves and a face shield mustbe worn when modifying the vehicle in close proximity to the high-voltage system. Failureto follow these instructions may result in severe injury or death.

WARNING: The high-voltage traction battery (HVTB) and charging system containshigh-voltage components and wiring. High-voltage cables and wiring are orange in color.High-voltage insulated safety gloves and a face shield must be worn when carrying out anymodifications on this vehicle. Failure to follow these instructions may result in severepersonal injury or death.


2-6 Electrical


WARNING: Before carrying out any vehicle modifications, the high-voltage tractionbattery (HVTB) must be depowered. Failure to follow these instructions may result in severepersonal injury or death.

WARNING: The high-voltage insulated safety rubber insulating gloves that are to beworn while working on the high-voltage system should be of the appropriate safety andprotection rating for use on the high-voltage system. They must be inspected before useand must always be worn in conjunction with the leather outer gloves. Any hole in therubber insulating glove is a potential entry point for high voltage. Failure to follow theseinstructions may result in severe personal injury or death.

1. Position the vehicle in the repair bay.

2. Position 4 orange cones around the corners of the vehicle to mark off a 1 m (3 ft) perimeteraround the vehicle.

3. Do not allow any unauthorized personnel into the buffer zone during repairs involving thehigh-voltage system. Only personnel trained for repair on the high-voltage system are to bepermitted in the buffer zone.

Rubber Insulating Gloves Testing

WARNING: The high-voltage insulated safety rubber insulating gloves that are to beworn when modifying the vehicle in close proximity to the high-voltage system, should beof the appropriate safety and protection rating for use on the high-voltage system. Theymust be inspected before use and must always be worn in conjunction with the leatherouter gloves. Any hole in the rubber insulating glove is a potential entry point for highvoltage. Failure to follow these instructions may result in severe personal injury or death.


Electrical 2-7


Note: The high-voltage insulated safety gloves must be re-certified every 6 months to remainwithin OSHA guidelines.

1. Roll the glove up from the open end until the lower portion of the glove begins to balloon fromthe resulting air pressure. If the glove leaks any air, it must not be used.

2. The gloves should not be used if they show any signs of wear and tear.

3. The leather gloves must always be worn over the rubber insulating gloves in order to protectthem.

4. The rubber insulating gloves must be class ‘‘00’’ and meet all of the American Society forTesting and Materials (ASTM) standards.

High-Voltage Traction Battery (HVTB) Systems Depowering

WARNING: The nominal high-voltage traction battery (HVTB) voltage is 330 volt DC. Abuffer zone must be set up and high-voltage insulated safety gloves and a face shield mustbe worn when modifying the vehicle in close proximity to the high-voltage system. Failureto follow these instructions may result in severe injury or death.

WARNING: The high-voltage traction battery (HVTB) and charging system containshigh-voltage components and wiring. High-voltage cables and wiring are orange in color.High-voltage insulated safety gloves and a face shield must be worn when modifying thevehicle in close proximity to the high-voltage system. Failure to follow these instructionsmay result in severe personal injury or death.

WARNING: Before carrying out any vehicle modifications, the high-voltage tractionbattery (HVTB) must be depowered. Failure to follow these instructions may result in severepersonal injury or death.

WARNING: The high-voltage insulated safety rubber insulating gloves that are to beworn when modifying the vehicle in close proximity to the high-voltage system, should beof the appropriate safety and protection rating for use on the high-voltage system. Theymust be inspected before use and must always be worn in conjunction with the leatherouter gloves. Any hole in the rubber insulating glove is a potential entry point for highvoltage. Failure to follow these instructions may result in severe personal injury or death.


2-8 Electrical


WARNING: A buffer zone is required when modifying the vehicle in close proximity tothe high voltage system. Failure to follow this instruction may result in severe personalinjury or death.

1. Set up the buffer zone around the vehicle. For additional information, refer to Buffer Zone inthis section.

2. Turn the ignition to the OFF position.

3. Disconnect the 12-volt battery.

4. Remove the service disconnect plug.

a. Rotate the service disconnect plug from the LOCK (1) position to the UNLOCK (2) position.

b. Remove the service disconnect plug and place in the SERVICE SHIPPING (3) position.

5. CAUTION: Place the service disconnect plug into the SERVICE SHIPPING positionwhile carrying out any vehicle modifications. If the service disconnect plug is left outand placed on the bench or toolbox, dirt or other contaminants may enter the highvoltage traction battery (HVTB), which can cause damage.Insert the service disconnect plug into the SERVICE SHIPPING position. This disconnects theHVTB.


Electrical 2-9


6. To connect, reverse the disconnect procedure.

Electrical Systems Management

Care must be given in deciding what equipment should be installed into a vehicle given the powerdemands of the equipment and the power available from the vehicle. A power load strategy shouldbe developed to minimize the risk of running out of power. Examine the proposed equipment forvehicle installation. Add up the current requirements. If the current requirements exceed what thevehicle can reasonably be expected to be able to provide, the battery will begin discharging toprovide the power to the equipment that the generator is unable to provide. After some period oftime, the vehicle will shut off as the battery voltage decreases to a level that cannot sustainvehicle operation.

There are alternatives that can be considered to minimize system electrical overload. Considerthe current requirements of equipment before it is purchased and installed. Modern light bars andradios use a fraction of the current than units made as recently as 1996. As the light bar is themost power intensive unit installed on most vehicles, considerable attention should be given to itscurrent requirements. Changes in driver habits can make a difference as well. When a vehicle issitting and no one is in the car, the air conditioner can be turned off until the driver is ready to getback into the vehicle. The air conditioner is among the largest current user of OEM equipment.As such, it can impact available power for other uses as well.

Generator Output

The Escape/Mariner Hybrid generator is different from that used on the standard Escape/Mariner.The Escape/Mariner Hybrid has a 110-amp generator.


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Vehicle Component Electrical Loads

Vehicle component electrical loads are shown in the table below. Not all features are powered allthe time, so actual vehicle loads on the power supply system will vary.

Note: Smart junction box (SJB) fuse 1 (30A), circuit SBP04 (GN/RD) for the DC/AC powerinverter is at maximum available current limit when the power inverter is installed and used.Do not splice into this fused circuit when the DC/AC power inverter is installed and used.

Note: SJB fuse 18 (20A), circuit SBP18 (YE/RD) for the heated seats is at maximum availablecurrent limit when the heated seats option is installed and used. Do not splice into thisfused circuit when the heated seats option is installed and used.

Note: If the heated seat connectors are disconnected, DTCs will set in the electronic automatictemperature control (EATC) module.

Component Amps

Base

Miscellaneous Base Loads 36.1

Cooling

Cooling Fan (variable speed) 24.0

Climate Control

A/C Clutch 3.7

A/C Fan to Face — High Speed 21.7(recirculating air)

A/C Fan to Face — M/H Speed 11.9(recirculating air)

Heater Fan to Foot — M/H Speed 10.7(fresh air)

Lighting

Exterior and IP Lamps 4.5(non-dimmable)

Headlamps — Low Beam 10.0

Fog Lamps 8.0

Brake Lights (with CHMSL) 7.5

Heated Features

Heated Rear Window (includes 14.0heated mirrors)

Heated Front Seat — LH 6.5

Heated Front Seat — RH 6.5

Other

Radio 1.9

DC/AC Inverter 10.7

Speed Control 1.8

Typical Vehicle Load = 95 - 110 Amps


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Typical Police/Taxi Equipment

Loads for equipment commonly found on police vehicles are shown in the table below. Not allequipment will be operating at the same time, so actual loads on the power supply system willvary.

Component Amps

Communications Radio 5.0-20.0

Light Bar 28.0-43.0

LED Light Bar 6.0

Siren 15.0-30.0

Headlamp Flasher 1.0-1.5

LED Deck Bars/Led Visor 2.0Lights

Radar 0.8

Taximeter 3.3

Receipt Printer 3.0

Spot Lights (each) 7.8

Alley Lights (each) 1.0

Camcorder 2.0

General Guidelines

• Provide circuit protection (fuses) for all wiring. The fuse rating should not exceed either the ratedwiring current capacity or the total current requirements for all the add-on components on thecircuit. Install fuses as close to the point of tapped power as possible.

• Document all revisions to the electrical system and place with the vehicle Owner’s Literature.Color code and/or label all revisions or additions to wiring.

• Provide protective covering in all areas that could be damaged during normal equipmentinstallations.

• Disconnect the negative battery cable of vehicles stored on site to reduce the possibility ofdraining the battery by lights or other equipment.

• Do not allow control panels attached to the instrument panel to protrude into the driver andpassenger air bag deployment zones. For additional information, refer to Section 4: Reference inthis guide.

• Do not install switches and gauges in the driver or passenger knee impact areas.

• Inspect all Ford gauges, lights and switches for correct operation after instrument panel work isperformed.

• Properly secure all wiring relocated or removed while working behind the instrument panel toprevent chafing, squeaks and rattles.

• Provide adequate retention for wiring harnesses so that they are clear of bolts, corners or edgeswhich could abrade the wires during normal vehicle operation.


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• Anticipate misrouted wiring situations and protect all wiring from penetration by screws and rawedges.

• Weather-seal all electrical connectors exposed to the elements.

• Do not use quick splice connectors or wire nuts.

• Install the fuse panel so fuses are readily accessible.

• Make sure that connections are easily accessible for assembly and service.

• Make sure submersible connectors do not lose their seals under extreme assembly conditionssuch as bending wires 90 degrees immediately after the connector.

• Whenever using connectors, use a socket (female) connector on the electrical source side and aplug (male) connector on the electrical load side to reduce the possibility of a short circuit whendisconnected.

• Air bag restraint systems must remain intact as received from Ford Motor Company. Beforemodifications are done to the vehicle, the system must be disarmed by following the instructionsprovided in the current Escape/Mariner Hybrid Workshop Manual.

• Adherence to the above guidelines is not to be construed as approval by Ford Motor Companyof any specific revisions or additions to the vehicle’s original electrical system.

Keep-Alive Memory Power

The electronic engine and transmission control modules require battery power to be supplied at alltimes to maintain the keep-alive memory. Keep this in mind when installing load disconnectswitches or solenoids.

Equipment Grounding Guidelines

• Do not ground the body to the transmission or transmission crossmember. Ground accessoriesto the chassis or the vehicle battery.

• Splicing into circuitry relating to the electronic engine and/or transmission control systems is notacceptable because of the adverse effect on the electronic system operation.

• Adequately protect electrical connections exposed to the elements.

Wire Insulation

• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) rated at 90°C (194°F) is the standard wire insulation that is acceptablefor inside body use but is not acceptable for underhood/underbody wiring.

• Hypalon insulation should be used on links only (Ford Specification ESB-M1L54-A).

• Cross-linked Polyethylene (XPLPE or SXL) rated at 125°C (257°F) is the required insulation forunderhood/underbody applications (Ford Specification ESB-M1L123-A).


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• GXL can be used as an alternate wire (Ford Specification ESB-M7L85B) as long as theconcentricity specifications are met. To provide a water-resistant seal in conjunction with crimpconnectors, a Duraseal crimp connector is recommended since it is designed to account foroutside wire diameter that is smaller than the present SXL wire.

Terminals and Connectors

Connector Types:

• Submersible (sealed) — A connector that is capable of being immersed in water.

• Weather-resistant — A connector that will retain its sealing and connection qualities while beingexposed to adverse weather conditions.

• Duraseal crimp — A supplier trade name for a sealed wiring repair or splice.

When a connection is not defined (typical situation — harness-to-harness connectors), thefollowing suggestions should be implemented:

• Determine the connector type. If it will be located in a hostile environment, use a sealedconnector; if not, use an open connector. A hostile environment is defined as being exposed towater and/or salt accumulation and/or high temperatures (that is; underhood, exterior panels andfootwells). Use in-line connectors with secondary locks to prevent the terminal from beingpushed out.

— Do not use single wires smaller than 14 gauge in a 2-way or larger weather-resistantconnector (the very large style), since the wire may break during disengagement.

— Use Hypalon, XLPE or Elexar insulation in submersible connectors to maintain sealingintegrity. PVC is not acceptable because it cold flows and allows setting in a deformedpattern, therefore compromising the integrity of the seal.


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• Determine the terminal type. Base your decision on wire gauge, current carrying capacity,connector type and insulation type.

— Use non-detent low insertion force terminals whenever possible.

— Do not use low insertion force female terminals in weather-resistant connectors.

— Analyze circuit requirements (signal levels, current, voltage) to determine the proper platingmaterial (such as gold). Use of non-plated terminals is not recommended.

— Do not use plugs to seal holes in micropin connector grommets. It is very easy to forget toinsert them during manufacturing and ruin the seal. Use a grommet with only the necessarynumber of holes or use dummy wires at least 600 mm (24 in) long.

— Fully align connectors prior to terminal connection — terminal cavities should have minimumtolerance to prevent terminals from floating, bending or pin push-out duringmating/engagement.

— Make sure connectors of similar type and color are identifiable to the operator to eliminatecrossed connections and minimize assembly time. Avoid using similar types and colors ofconnectors close together.

— Be sure that connectors have positive locking devices that allow easy installation with a lowinsertion force and easy removal. The connector snap should be easily felt and heard.

— Eliminate the use of edgeboard, tang-type and molded-over connectors. The use ofblade-type weather-resistant connectors is restricted to high current applications which cannotbe handled by submersible connectors.

Circuit Protection and Electrical Load

• Modification to existing vehicle wiring should be done only with caution and careful considerationof effects on the completed vehicle’s electrical system. Anticipated circuitry should be studied todetermine the required circuit protection and to avoid feedback loops.

• Added circuitry must be protected either by a base vehicle fuse or circuit breaker, or by a similardevice supplied by the modifier.

• When adding loads to a base vehicle-protected circuit, make sure that the total electrical loadthrough the base vehicle fuse or circuit breaker is less than the device’s load rating.

• Use 80% of the fuse rating to determine maximum steady state load to reduce nuisance fusefailures.


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• Use 135% of the fuse rating when sizing wiring to protect the circuit in the event of an overload.Fuses will last for one hour at 135% of their rating.

— Total current draw is the sum of the base vehicle’s circuit current requirement (measured withan ammeter) and the anticipated add-on component current requirements.

— Never increase the rating of a factory installed fuse or circuit breaker.

— If the total electrical load including additional electrical components, on any circuit, is lessthan the fuse protection rating or the capacity of some limiting component (switch, relay), theitems to be added can be connected directly to that circuit. The headlamp switch circuitsshould never have additional lighting or electrical components directly connected.

— Added devices that exceed the current capabilities of the factory-installed system are bestcontrolled through the use of a relay or separate switch. The coil of the relay can be fed fromthe circuit in the factory harness (now acting as a signal circuit) with added wiring providingfeeds to the added electrical device. The relay selection is important and depends on currentrequirements, number of cycles expected in the relay lifetime, whether the relay is to beoperated intermittently or for long periods of time and whether the relay is exposed toweather conditions or is installed in a protected area. When the current requirements of acircuit exceed the capacity of an available relay, the load should be reduced or dividedthrough the use of additional relays.

Wire Protection Requirements

General Notes:

• Anticipate problems and design accordingly. Try to anticipate what could go wrong and modifyyour designs to address any adverse impact.

• Review all connector applications and electrical systems to determine the need for solder,grease, weather-resistant or sealed connectors. Make sure components and wire insulation arecompatible with greased connectors (important for long-term durability).

• Make sure that drip loops or other means are provided to prevent water leakage into the vehiclethrough wiring assemblies that pass through the dash panel.

• Use greased or sealed connectors in floor pan troughs which are subject to moisture comingthrough the carpeting.

• Use XLPE insulation for uncovered runs that exceed 305 mm (12 in).


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Electrical Protection

• Properly route wires away from noise-generating wires or components. However, if routing nearnoisy wires or plugging into noisy components is unavoidable, additional protection must bedesigned into the harness.

• Shielding — Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) — Consider shielding if you must route close tohigh-current or noisy circuits. Use shielded wire and ground one side. Seal all splices in wireassemblies that use bare coaxial shielding (braid or tape) for EMI suppression, and insulate ortape over all shielding ends that terminate near any open connectors. This prevents splice andterminal shorts to the shielding. Minimize the length of conductors which extend beyond theshield. Failure to do this reduces the effectiveness of the shield.

• Spike suppression, in general, is accomplished by connecting a diode or resistor-diodecombination across the terminals of the noisy component. The diode should be sufficiently closeto the component (both electrically and physically) so that inductive spikes are clamped off.Make sure the diode is connected with the proper polarity.

Proper routing and retention will reduce the likelihood of chafing or pinching. When this idealrouting is unattainable, the following additional protection is needed:

Mechanical/Environmental Protection

• Tape — Tape is the most basic means of protection. It contains the wires in a loose bundle andprovides limited environmental protection. It does not protect against chafing and pinching.

— Kendall Polyken Fiberglass Base Tape (Ford Specification ESB-M3G38-A) is used for enginecompartment applications. This durable tape provides protection against cut-through andabrasion commonly found in underhood applications.

— Polyken 267 is a substitute tape that may be used in lower temperature areas of the enginecompartment (apron area).

• Convolute — Use convolute for all underhood/underbody applications or when increasedtemperature, abrasion or pinch resistance is required. Convoluted tubing comes in differentdiameters and materials to accommodate different temperature ranges and harness sizes.

— Use polyethylene convolute when abrasion is the only consideration; this convolute isadequate up to 96°C (205°F) maximum. Use nylon convolute when underhood/underbody orabrasion and temperature are considerations; nylon convolute is adequate up to 177°C(350°F) maximum.

— On all engine-mounted wiring or bend points. Use vinyl tape on the outside of the convoluteto prevent wiring from looping out. This tape must be able to withstand temperatures 135°C(275°F) or higher.

— Tape convolute junctions with abrasion-resistant tape (Polyken 267, fiberglass).

• Scroll — Similar to convolute, but without the ridges. Scroll is used where harness rigidity isrequired, especially for maintaining critical locator dimensions. Use scroll for short lengths only,as it is quite inflexible.


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Note: This is not meant to be an all-inclusive list of methods for physically protecting the wires.There are other means of protection available that are not listed.

Grommets and Sealing Requirements

Any additional wiring routed through sheet metal must pass through a grommet that both seals theopening and locates the wire(s). Two-piece grommets (rubber with plastic inserts) arerecommended to facilitate installation and retention.

• Locate grommets so they are accessible for proper seating (achieved by pulling) in sheet metalholes.

• Ramp grommets at the insertion end to facilitate installation and sealing.

• Be sure that the direction of the hole punch is in the direction of grommet seating and the hole isburr-free.

• Make sure the grommet molding compound will adhere to the harness to prevent slippage.

• Make sure the grommet will withstand the environment (temperature, splash).

• Be sure that holes are large enough to allow the installation of the harness without causingcircuit damage.

• Use adhesive tape on main trunks or branches with at least a 50% overlap to prevent wickingthrough grommets. Be certain to diaper-wrap the takeouts.

Wire Routing

WARNING: Do not place electrical component attachments or ground screws adjacentto vehicle fuel tanks, fuel filler pipes, fuel lines, fuel vapor lines or carbon canisters. Failureto follow these instructions may result in personal injury in the event of a collision.

Wire harness routing should conform to the following:

• Protect wires routed through holes in sheet metal or castings with a grommet whether or notconduit is used (see figure below).


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• Route wires to avoid metal edges, screws, trim fasteners and abrasive surfaces. When suchrouting is not possible, use protective devices (shields, caps) to protect the wires. Cover metaledges with a protective shield and fasten the wiring within 76 mm (3 in) on each side of theedge (see figure below).

• Route wires to provide at least 76 mm (3 in) of clearance to moving parts in their extrememovement location, unless positively fastened and protected by a conduit.

• Avoid wire routing without conduit in areas where temperatures exceed 82°C (180°F). Minimumclearance of 152 mm (6 in) should be maintained from exhaust system components. Heatinsulation and heat shields must be used on the wires routed in high temperature areas.

• Make certain that all underhood or underbody wiring is cross-linked polyethylenehigh-temperature insulation wire 135°C (275°F) (minimum rating) consistent with SAEspecification J1128 Type SXL wire. Normal PVC wire must not be used in underhood orunderbody applications.

• Make sure all ground locations are readily accessible for installation, service and verification.

• Do not place ground attachments in high-splash areas.

• Do not route underbody wiring over the exhaust system.

• Underhood/underbody wiring must be routed in conduit for protection. Minimum conduit rating is177°C (350°F).


Electrical 2-19


Wire Retention and Routing

Use the following criteria to determine the location of retainers:

• Size and weight of wire bundle.

• Holes with poor accessibility that prevent installation of locators.

• Movement of wires that can result in abrasion, squeaks and rattles.

• When wiring is routed between 2 members where relative motion can occur, the wiring should besecured to each member with enough wire slack to allow flexing without damaging the wire.

• Wiring exposed to weather must provide a drip loop to prevent moisture from being conductedinto the device through the wire connection (see figure below).

• Avoid routing wires into areas exposed to wheel splash. When such routing cannot be avoided,adequate clipping and/or protective shields are required to protect the wires from stone and icedamage. Allow adequate slack in wiring between the engine and stationary components tocompensate for engine roll.

• Avoid routing wires under the frame side members or at points lower than the bottom frameflange.

• Use plastic ‘‘zip’’ straps for ‘‘bundling’’ only (securing to other wires).

• The wire retainers and grommets installed by the assembly plant are usually designed toaccommodate only the Ford-installed wires. Additional wiring or tubing should be retained byadditional clips. When added wires or tubes are routed through sheet metal panels, new holeswith proper wire protection and sealing must be used.


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For retainer screws, the following guidelines apply:

• Avoid using fasteners that are too long for the application or are in an area which might damagevehicle components, including wiring, brake lines, fuel tank and lines, powertrain components,exhaust system and suspension.

• Do not use pointed screws for attachments. Also check that screws used in the vicinity of thewiring are blunt-ended.

• To minimize the potential for wiring shorts, do not use drill point screws. Trim components(including wiring shields) should use pin-type attachments instead of screws.

• Always check areas that screws protrude into for verification that an interference condition toother components does not exist.

• Make sure that retainers used are capable of withstanding the environment over the vehicle’s lifeexpectancy.


Electrical 2-21


Splices and Repairs

For quality splicing and to reduce potential problems, the following guidelines are recommended:

• Stagger the splices within a harness to reduce increased harness diameter. Splice only onstraight areas as installed, not on bends.

• Strip wire ends making sure that individual conductor strands are not damaged.

• When soldering, make sure an adequate mechanical joint exists before applying solder. Use onlyresin-core solder. Acid-core solder should not be used since it may result in corrosion.

• For crimp joints, use butt-type metal barrel fasteners and the proper tool at the appropriatesetting for the wire size (such as Motorcraft Crimp Tool S-9796) specifically designed for thistype of work.

• Make sure splice joints are adequately sealed and insulated. In an outside environment, useDuraseal butt connectors or equivalent. A durable substitute splice joint can be achieved byusing a bare metal barrel, crimping, flow-soldering and covering with shrink tubing. Qualityelectrical tape can be used inside the vehicle but is not recommended for an outsideenvironment.

• Be sure that the new wire is not a lesser gauge than its original mating wire.

Recommended Splicing Method — Solder (For 16 AWG and Smaller Diameter WireOnly)

1. Disconnect the battery ground cable.


2-22 Electrical


2. Strip wires to appropriate length.

3. Install heat shrink tubing.

4. Twist the wires together.

5. Note: Use resin-core mildly-activated (RMA) solder. Do not use acid-core solder.

Solder wires together.

6. Note: Wait for solder to cool before moving wires.

Bend wire No. 1 back in a straight line.


Electrical 2-23


7. Note: Overlap tubing on both wires.

Evenly position heat shrink tubing over wire repair.

8. Use a shielded heat gun to heat the repaired area until adhesive flows out of both ends of heatshrink tubing.


2-24 Electrical


9. Reconnect the battery ground cable.

Sealed Connectors

Ford Part Number Part Name Class

E6FZ-14488-A Butt Connector C Gauge: 18-22, Color: Red

E6FZ-14488-B Butt Connector CGauge: 14-16, Color: Blue

E6FZ-14488-C Butt Connector CGauge: 10-12, Color: Yellow

Heat Shrinkable Tubing (Heat Shrink) (Ford Specification ESB-M99D56-A2)

Heat shrinkable tubing is available in various diameters for different splice sizes andconfigurations. When shrunk, it forms a small, flexible hermetic seal.

Other methods (tape, PVC mold) do not provide a hermetic seal and are not recommended. Splicebalancing is critical with heat shrink insulation. If the splice is extremely unbalanced (more circuitson one side than the other), heat shrink insulation will not provide a proper seal. Evaluate the useof double terminals instead of splices where practical in these situations.

Recommended Splicing Method — Crimp (For 10 - 22 AWG Diameter Wire to Like WireDiameter)

1. Disconnect the battery ground cable.

2. Strip wires to appropriate length.

3. Install heat shrink tubing.


Electrical 2-25


4. Select the appropriate wire splice for the wires to be spliced from Rotunda Wire Splice Kit164-R5903.

5. Note: Rotunda 164-R5901 Pro-Crimper supplied with the wire splice kit is the only tool thatcan be used with these splices.

Identify the appropriate chamber on the Rotunda Pro-Crimper by matching the wire size on thedies with the wire size stamped on the butt splice.

(1) Cavity

(2) Indenter

6. Crimp the connector.

(1) Center one end of the wire splice in the appropriate crimping chamber.

(2) Insert stripped wire into the barrel.

(3) Holding the wire in place, squeeze the tool handles until ratchet releases.

7. Repeating Step 6, crimp the other half of the splice.


2-26 Electrical


8. Check for acceptable crimp.

(1) Crimp should be centered on each end of the butt splice.

(2) Wire insulation does not enter butt splice.

(3) Wire is visible through inspection hole of splices.

9. Evenly position supplied heat shrink tubing over wire repair.

10. Use shielded heat gun to heat the repaired area until adhesive flows out of both ends for theheat shrink tubing.

11. Reconnect the battery ground cable.

Heat Shrinkable Tubing (Heat Shrink) (Ford Specification ESB-M99D56-A2)

Heat shrinkable tubing is available in various diameters for different splice sizes andconfigurations. When shrunk, it forms a small, flexible hermetic seal.

Other methods (tape, PVC mold) do not provide a hermetic seal and are not recommended. Splicebalancing is critical with heat shrink insulation. If the splice is extremely unbalanced (more circuitson one side than the other), heat shrink insulation will not provide a proper seal. Evaluate the useof double terminals instead of splices where practical in these situations.


Electrical 2-27


Wiring Reference Information

2008 Escape/Mariner Hybrid Wiring Diagram Excerpts

The following pages are from sections of the 2008 Escape/Mariner Hybrid Wiring Diagrams.

Ordering Information

To obtain information about ordering complete copies of Ford or Lincoln/Mercury publications, call1-800-782-4356.

Available publications include Workshop Manuals, Wiring Diagrams, PC/ED Manuals and OwnerLiterature.

In addition, a publications order form can be obtained by writing to: Ford Publications, C/O HelmInc., PO Box 07150, Detroit, MI 48207

Wiring Diagrams

Note: Smart junction box (SJB) fuse 18 (20A), circuit SBP18 (YE/RD) for the heated seats is atmaximum available current limit when the heated seats option is installed and used. Do notsplice into this fused circuit when the heated seats option is installed and used.


2-28 Electrical



Electrical 2-29


Note: Smart junction box (SJB) fuse 1 (30A), circuit SBP04 (GN/RD) for the DC/AC powerinverter is at maximum available current limit when the power inverter is installed and used.Do not splice into this fused circuit when the DC/AC power inverter is installed and used.


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Connector End Views


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Connector and Ground Locator


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SECTION 3

Mounting

Contents

Section 3: Mounting .........................................................................3-1

Push Bumpers ..............................................................................3-1

Using the Vehicle for Snowplowing..............................................3-1

Using the Vehicle as an Ambulance............................................3-1

Siren and Grille Lights..................................................................3-1

Mounting Equipment to the Vehicle .............................................3-1

Partition Installation Guidelines — Vehicles NotEquipped With Safety Canopy Module and Side AirBag Module Only ........................................................................3-2

Safety Belt Retractor.................................................................3-3

Side Impact Sensor (if equipped) .............................................3-5

Console Design and Installation...................................................3-5

Restraints Control Module (RCM) ............................................3-5

Air Bag Deployment Interference .............................................3-6

Seat Bolts..................................................................................3-7

Driveshaft Clearance ................................................................3-7


Mounting 3-1

Section 3: Mounting

Push Bumpers

Ford Motor Company does not recommend the installation of any type of push bumper.

Using the Vehicle for Snowplowing

Do not use the vehicle for snowplowing. The Escape/Mariner Hybrid is not equipped with asnowplowing package.

Using the Vehicle as an Ambulance

Do not use the vehicle as an ambulance. The Escape/Mariner Hybrid is not equipped with theFord ambulance preparation package.

Siren and Grille Lights

The engine cooling system relies on proper airflow through the radiator to keep the engine at itsproper operating temperature. When adding sirens and grille lights to a vehicle, make sure thisairflow is not obstructed. Reduced airflow could put additional strain on the cooling system andshorten the operational life of related components. The cooling system also cools the electricmotors and electronics. If the coolant exceeds certain temperatures, the components will attemptto protect themselves by limiting the power and torque available. During the installation process,keep the placement of components away from the grille area of the vehicle.

Mounting Equipment to the Vehicle

CAUTION: Do not disable the A/C system. It is used to cool the high voltage tractionbattery (HVTB).

• Do not mount equipment to the cargo load floor/high-voltage traction battery (HVTB).

• Do not mount equipment on the instrument panel between the driver and passenger airbags dueto deployment variability.

• Do not mount equipment obstructing the HVTB service disconnect.

• Do not mount equipment obstructing access to the auxiliary air conditioning air filter located inthe LH D-pillar.

• Do not mount equipment to the LH rear quarter trim panel.

• Do not remove the auxiliary A/C unit or ducts. This unit is necessary to cool the HVTB.

• Do not cover the HVTB outside air intake on the LH rear quarter glass.

• Do not remove the LH rear quarter glass. This glass contains the HVTB outside air intake.

• Do not cover any vehicle or warning labels.


3-2 Mounting

Section 3: Mounting

• Do not mount equipment to the high-voltage connector shield located under the RH rear seatback and bottom.

CAUTION: The side impact sensor is tuned to excite based on its mass (includingwiring), as well as the host sheet metal. Any alteration to these components must beavoided. Additions, such as padding, wire connectors, retainers, tape or fasteners of anykind should not be used. All fasteners in this predominantly sheet metal environmentshould be made of steel or a non-conductive plastic to guarantee retention and longevity. Ifany part of a steel fastener is exposed to a wet area, it should be plated to resist corrosion.

Note: Vehicles not equipped with safety canopy module and side air bag module only.

• Do not mount equipment to the C-pillars within 15.25 cm (6 in) of the retractors and side impactsensors.

• Do not mount equipment to the B-pillars within 30.5 cm (12 in) of the floor.


Note: Vehicles equipped with safety canopy module and side air bag module only.

• Do not mount equipment to the A-, B- and C-pillars.

• Do not mount equipment on the headliner within 200 mm (8 in) of the side edges.

• Do not mount equipment above the beltline within 200 mm (8 in) of the side glass from theA-pillar leading edge to the rear edge of the C-pillar.

• Do not mount equipment on the headliner along the siderails.

• Do not install a partition, divider or equipment that spans the vehicle above the beltline.

Partition Installation Guidelines — Vehicles Not Equipped With Safety Canopy Moduleand Side Air Bag Module Only

WARNING: If the vehicle is equipped with a safety canopy module and side air bagmodule, do not install a partition, divider or equipment that spans the vehicle above thebeltline. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury.


Mounting 3-3

Section 3: Mounting

WARNING: The partition and the installation hardware of the partition must notinterfere with the proper operation of the safety belt, safety belt retractor, side impactsensor and the safety belt height adjusters. Failure to follow these instructions may resultin personal injury.

WARNING: Installation of prisoner partitions may increase the risk of injury to frontseat occupants if the vehicle is impacted from a high speed rear end collision. This riskshould be balanced by the law enforcement agency against the risk of injury to the officerassociated with prisoner transportation. Failure to follow these instructions may result inpersonal injury.


Safety Belt Retractor

The safety belt retractors are located in the base of the B-pillars. The pretensioner located in theretractor is referred to as the ‘‘safety belt retractor pretensioner’’. In the event the restraints controlmodule (RCM) senses an impact, pretensioners provide improved occupant protection by rapidlyremoving slack from the safety belt. Removing slack from the safety belt helps to properly positionthe occupant and allows for maximum effectiveness of the safety belts and the air bags.

• Do not use the safety belt retractor bolts for mounting the partition.

• Do not mount any partition hardware on the inboard side of the B-pillar within the bottom 305mm (12 in).

• Do not mount any partition hardware that will interfere with the proper sealing of the door.


3-4 Mounting

Section 3: Mounting

Refer to the following illustration for locations that must not be used for partition mounting:


Mounting 3-5

Section 3: Mounting

Side Impact Sensor (if equipped)

The side impact sensors are located in the base of the B-pillars. They are positioned below thesafety belt retractors. The location and orientation are critical for the correct operation of all theimpact sensors. Do not use the attachment bolts of the impact sensors to mount any equipment.

Console Design and Installation

Restraints Control Module (RCM)

The restraints control module (RCM) is mounted on the center tunnel under the instrument panel.The RCM orientation is critical for proper operation of the restraint systems. Do not use the RCMmounting bolts for attachment purposes of any equipment.


3-6 Mounting

Section 3: Mounting

Air Bag Deployment Interference

WARNING: Do not place objects or mount equipment in front of the air bag modulecover or in front seat areas that may come in contact with a deploying air bag. Dash-,tunnel- or console-mounted equipment should be placed within the specified zone. Failureto follow these instructions may result in personal injury.

WARNING: Do not put anything on or over the air bag module. Placing objects on orover the air bag inflation area may cause those objects to be propelled by the air bag intoyour face and torso, causing serious injury.

WARNING: Dash-, tunnel- or console-mounted equipment should not be placedoutside of the specified zone. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personalinjury.

WARNING: Do not mount equipment between the side of the front seat and the doortrim that would block deployment of the side air bag (if equipped). Failure to follow theseinstructions may result in personal injury.

WARNING: Do not attempt to service, repair or modify the airbag supplementalrestraint systems or its fuses. See your Ford or Lincoln Mercury dealer. Failure to followthese instructions may result in personal injury.

WARNING: Modifications to the front end of the vehicle, including frame, bumper,front end body structure, tow hooks and B-pillar surrounding parts may affect theperformance of the airbag sensors, increasing the risk of injury. Do not modify the frontend of the vehicle.

WARNING: Do not place objects or mount equipment on or near the headliner at thesiderail that may come into contact with a deploying safety canopy (if equipped). Failure tofollow these instructions may increase the risk of personal injury in the event of a collision.


Mounting 3-7

Section 3: Mounting

WARNING: Do not attempt to service, repair or modify the safety canopy system (ifequipped), its fuses, the A-, B-, or C-pillar trim, or the headliner on a vehicle containing asafety canopy. See your Ford or Lincoln Mercury dealer.

WARNING: To reduce risk of injury, do not obstruct or place objects in thedeployment path of the inflatable safety canopy (if equipped).


Driver/passenger air bags affect the way equipment can be mounted in vehicles. Any surfaces thatcould come into contact with an air bag during deployment must not damage the air bag or alterits deployment path. Sharp edges, corners or protrusions could damage the nylon air bag materialand reduce the effectiveness of the air bag. Do not mount or place any objects in the deploymentpath of an air bag. Air bags must be allowed to fully deploy without restriction. The deployment ofair bags is not compatible with any configuration of equipment mounting that places objects in theair bag deployment path. Equipment mounted or placed in the deployment area of an air bag willreduce the effectiveness of the air bag, damage the air bag and potentially damage or dislodgethe equipment.

Air bag deployment drawings are provided in Section 4. Consult the drawings before equipment isinstalled inside the passenger compartment to make sure that the mounted equipment does notinterfere with air bag deployment.

Seat Bolts

The vehicle safety belts and seat assemblies are factory installed in their correct location. Seatattaching bolts are not to be used as attachment points for any equipment. Any added materialbetween the seat bolt and the seat frame could have unpredictable effects on the seat bolt torque.If the safety belts are removed for any reason, all of the appropriate attaching hardware must behand started and then tightened to the correct torque specifications as per the workshop manual.Proper operation must be verified before returning the vehicle to service.

Driveshaft Clearance

When installing equipment such as a console or other equipment in the console area, it isimportant to consider the available clearance between the underbody and the driveshaft. Neveruse self-tapping screws and never use screws that are longer than necessary in the console area.


SECTION 4

Reference

Contents

Section 4: Reference .......................................................................4-1

Engineering Drawings ..................................................................4-1

Air Bag Deployment Interference .............................................4-1

Evaporative Emissions and Fuel Systems ...............................4-7

High-Voltage System ................................................................4-9

Auxiliary Air Conditioning (A/C) System.................................4-11


Reference 4-1

Section 4: Reference

Engineering Drawings

Air Bag Deployment Interference

WARNING: Do not place objects or mount equipment in front of the air bag modulecover or in front seat areas that may come in contact with a deploying air bag. Dash-,tunnel- or console-mounted equipment should be placed within the specified zone. Failureto follow these instructions may result in personal injury.

WARNING: Do not put anything on or over the air bag module. Placing objects on orover the air bag inflation area may cause those objects to be propelled by the air bag intoyour face and torso, causing serious injury.

WARNING: Dash-, tunnel- or console-mounted equipment should not be placedoutside of the specified zone. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personalinjury.

WARNING: Do not mount equipment between the side of the front seat and the doortrim that would block deployment of the side air bag (if equipped). Failure to follow theseinstructions may result in personal injury.

WARNING: Do not attempt to service, repair or modify the airbag supplementalrestraint systems or its fuses. See your Ford or Lincoln Mercury dealer.

WARNING: Modifications to the front end of the vehicle, including frame, bumper,front end body structure, tow hooks and B-pillar surrounding parts may affect theperformance of the airbag sensors, increasing the risk of injury. Do not modify the frontend of the vehicle.

WARNING: Do not place objects or mount equipment on or near the headliner at thesiderail that may come into contact with a deploying safety canopy (if equipped). Failure tofollow these instructions may increase the risk of personal injury in the event of a collision.


4-2 Reference


WARNING: Do not attempt to service, repair or modify the safety canopy system (ifequipped), its fuses, the A-, B-, or C-pillar trim, or the headliner on a vehicle containing asafety canopy. See your Ford or Lincoln Mercury dealer. Failure to follow these instructionsmay result in personal injury.

WARNING: To reduce risk of injury, do not obstruct or place objects in thedeployment path of the inflatable safety canopy.


Driver/passenger air bags affect the way equipment can be mounted in vehicles. Any surfaces thatcould come into contact with an air bag during deployment, must not damage the air bag or alterits deployment path. Sharp edges, corners or protrusions could damage the nylon air bag materialand reduce the effectiveness of the air bag. Do not mount or place any objects in the deploymentpath of an air bag. Air bags must be allowed to fully deploy without restriction. The deployment ofair bags is not compatible with any configuration of equipment mounting that places objects in theair bag deployment path. Equipment mounted or placed in the deployment area of an air bag willreduce the effectiveness of the air bag, damage the air bag and potentially damage or dislodgethe equipment.

Some approximate dimensions for air bags, at full inflation, are provided below. These dimensionsare somewhat flexible and represent free form deployments without the loading of occupants. Thezone dimensions provided below are approximate and will vary with the loading of occupants inthe seats.

All air bag and equipment mounting zone dimensions are approximate due to different air bagdeployment characteristics.

Do not mount equipment between the side of the front seat and the door trim that would blockdeployment of the side air bag.


Reference 4-3


Note: Do not mount equipment on the instrument panel between thedriver and passenger airbags due to deployment variability.

Figure 1.

1. 324 mm (12.75 in) from center of air bag door


3. 610 mm (24 in)


4-4 Reference


Figure 2.




Reference 4-5


Figure 3.




4-6 Reference


Note: Vehicles equipped with safety canopy module and side air bagmodule only.

Figure 4.


• Do not mount equipment to the A-, B- and C-pillars.

• Do not mount equipment on the headliner within 200 mm (8 in) of the side edges.

• Do not mount equipment above the beltline within 200 mm (8 in) of the side glass from theA-pillar leading edge to the rear edge of the C-pillar.

• Do not mount equipment on the headliner along the siderails.

• Do not install a partition, divider or equipment that spans the vehicle above the beltline.


Reference 4-7


Evaporative Emissions and Fuel Systems


4-8 Reference



Reference 4-9


High-Voltage System


4-10 Reference



Reference 4-11


Auxiliary Air Conditioning (A/C) System


Documents

Modifiers Guide