Module 1-21

Road Safety – a Complex Field

Describe road safety as a complex, multidisciplinary, Describe road safety as a complex, multidisciplinary, multimodal field devoted to the prevention and/or multimodal field devoted to the prevention and/or mitigation of crashes, injuries, and fatalities.mitigation of crashes, injuries, and fatalities.

Module 1-22

Major Topics

The Complex Nature of Road SafetyThe Complex Nature of Road Safety

Safety DisciplinesSafety Disciplines

4 Es of Road Safety4 Es of Road Safety

Road Safety ModesRoad Safety Modes

Crash Prevention Paradigm Shift Crash Prevention Paradigm Shift

Module 1-23

Safety Disciplines

BackgroundsBackgrounds

EducationEducation

PerspectivesPerspectives

MultimodalMultimodal

Module 1-24

Safety Silos

Institutional LevelsInstitutional Levels• FederalFederal• StateState• LocalLocal

ModesModes• Passenger vehiclesPassenger vehicles• TrucksTrucks• TransitTransit• Pedestrians/bicyclistsPedestrians/bicyclists

Module 1-25

The 4 Es of Road Safety

EngineeringEngineering

EducationEducation

EnforcementEnforcement

Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

Module 1-26

Engineering

Design

Construction

Operations

Maintenance

Vehicle

Module 1-27

Education

Behavior ChangeBehavior Change

Rules of the RoadRules of the Road

Risk AwarenessRisk Awareness

Amplify Enforcement and Amplify Enforcement and Engineering ActivitiesEngineering Activities

Module 1-28

Enforcement

PolicePolice

ProsecutorsProsecutors

JudgesJudges

ProbationProbation

Module 1-29

Emergency Response

Incident ResponseIncident Response

Emergency Medical ServicesEmergency Medical Services

Fire and RescueFire and Rescue

Hazardous Materials RemovalHazardous Materials Removal

Module 1-210

Public Health

Roadway-related crashes are the leading cause of unintentional injuries and the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S.

In 2004, road safety was the theme of the annual World Health Day celebration.

Module 1-211

Human Factors & Biomechanics

Capabilities and Limitations of the Human Body• Strength• Reaction time• Visual acuity• Physical durability

Effects of Exceeding Human Limitations

Module 1-212

Public/Private Administrators

Driver LicensingDriver Licensing

Vehicle RegistrationVehicle Registration

Analyze Insurance ClaimsAnalyze Insurance Claims

Set Rates for Vehicle and Health InsuranceSet Rates for Vehicle and Health Insurance

Develop and Enforce Policies, Procedures, and Develop and Enforce Policies, Procedures, and RegulationsRegulations

Module 1-213

Transportation Planners

Module 1-214

Road Safety Modes

Passenger CarsPassenger Cars

Commercial VehiclesCommercial Vehicles

MotorcyclesMotorcycles

Pedestrians and CyclistsPedestrians and Cyclists

Transit Transit

Module 1-215

Vehicle Considerations

Passenger VehiclesPassenger Vehicles• Largest number of crashes by farLargest number of crashes by far• SizeSize• Performance characteristicsPerformance characteristics

Mode ConnectivityMode Connectivity

Vehicle CharacteristicsVehicle Characteristics• Crash typesCrash types• Fleet diversityFleet diversity• Height and weightHeight and weight

Module 1-216

Other Motorized Vehicles

Commercial VehiclesCommercial Vehicles• Interaction with other vehiclesInteraction with other vehicles• Roadway considerations Roadway considerations

MotorcyclesMotorcycles

Transit and RailTransit and Rail

Module 1-217

Comparison of Vehicle Type Involved in Crashes

VehicleType

CrashType

Total Number of Crashes

Rate (per 100 million vehicle-miles traveled)

Rate (per 100 million

registered vehicles)

PassengerCars

Fatal 25,029 1.55 18.52Injury 1,893,000 117 1,401

Property Damage 4,169,000 258 3,085

LightTrucks

Fatal 22,838 2.01 24.05Injury 1,209,000 107 1,273

Property Damage 2,919,000 257 3,074

LargeTrucks

Fatal 4,932 2.21 58.15Injury 82,000 37 971

Property Damage 354,000 159 4,176

Motorcycles

Fatal 4,655 43.22 74.75Injury 80,000 746 1,291

Property Damage 18,000 168 291

Module 1-218

Non-Motorized Transport

PedestriansPedestrians

BicyclistsBicyclists

Roadway Facilities Roadway Facilities

Module 1-219

Paradigm Shift

Single Modes and Disciplines

Collaboration

Multidisciplinary and Multimodal Strategies

Module 1-220

Multidisciplinary Approaches

Young DriversYoung Drivers• Zero toleranceZero tolerance• Graduated driver licensingGraduated driver licensing

Safety CorridorsSafety Corridors

Module 1-221

Fatal Crash Involvement by Driver Age

Module 1-222

State Licensing Law & Driver Fatal Crash Involvement

Module 1-2

STRONGEST GDL – reduction of 38% for fatal crashes and 40% for injury crashes among16-year-old drivers.

WEAKEST GDL – reduction of 11% for fatal crashes and 19% for injury crashes.

Life-Saving Interventions – GDL

Source: Baker et al., 2007

Module 1-2

Rating of GDL Laws in the United States

Legend

     = Good      = Fair      = Marginal      = Poor

Source: http://www.iihs.org/laws/gdl_in

termediate.aspx

Module 1-225

Safety Corridor Programs

LegislationLegislation

Data AnalysisData Analysis

SignageSignage

EnforcementEnforcement

Public EducationPublic Education

Module 1-226

Safety Corridors in New Mexico

Module 1-227

Module 1-228

Module 1-229

Review

The Complex Nature of Road SafetyThe Complex Nature of Road Safety

Safety DisciplinesSafety Disciplines

4 Es of Road Safety4 Es of Road Safety

Road Safety ModesRoad Safety Modes

Crash Prevention Paradigm Shift Crash Prevention Paradigm Shift