Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Module 10 Current development
of Smart shipping
Yi-Chih Yang
Professor,
Department of Shipping and
Transportation Management,
National Kaohsiung University of
Science and Technology, Taiwan
Outline1. Definitions of Autonomous ship
2. The feature of Autonomous ship
3. Characteristics of Autonomous ship
4. Benefits of Autonomous ship
5. Current development of Autonomous ship
6. The impact of Autonomous ship on port operation
22019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
1. Definitions of Autonomous ship The definitions of autonomous vessels were used in
various names such as unmanned vessels, smart ships, remote control vessels and digital vessels. However, the IMO maritime safety committee (MSC) held in June last year unified as MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) Since then, each Member State has used the definition provided by IMO.
32019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) – the global regulatory body for international shipping – has commenced work to look into how safe, secure and environmentally sound Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) operations may be addressed in IMO instruments.
The Organization’s senior technical body, the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), endorsed a framework for a regulatory scoping exercise, as work in progress, including preliminary definitions of MASS and degrees of autonomy, as well as a methodology for conducting the exercise and a plan of work.
42019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
The IMO has been actively engaged in China, Finland and Sweden, which have been fully supported by the government in relation to autonomous vessels,"
Park Han-sun, head of the Korea Maritime Institute. said, "The size of the autonomous shipping market is expected to increase from 166 trillion won in 2023 to 8000 trillion won in 2035 as the shipbuilding industry in 2035."
52019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
2. The feature and current development of AS 2.1 The feature of Autonomous Ship
Yara and Kongsberg plans to deploy the first autonomous and fully electric cargo ship in 2018.
The vessel – christened YARA Birkeland – will start as a manned ship in 2018. The plan is to test the new vessel and slowly transfer more and more responsibility to the AI system.
Their goal is to have remote operation in 2019 and basically fully autonomous operations by 2020.
62019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
A crewless ship to be christened the YaraBirkeland is expected to start sailing in 2018, initially delivering fertilizer along a 37-mile route in southern Norway.
72019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
The feature of Yara AS remote operation in 2019 and basically fully
autonomous operations by 2020.
The electric-powered ship will be miniscule by modern standards,
with the capacity for 100 to 150 shipping containers.
The ship will cost $25 million, about three times as much as a conventional ship of similar size, but will save up to 90% in annual operating costs by eliminating both fuel and crew.
8 2019/12/6Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
In 2014, Rolls-Royce unveiled the design of the world’s first remote-controlled unmanned cargo ship.
The concept of unmanned cargo ships revolves around a no-crew ship that can be controlled from the shore. The project is being developed in collaboration with a research project called MUNIN – Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks supported by the European Commissions and which aims at developing and testing the autonomous ship concept.
9 2019/12/6Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
102019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
112019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
2.2 Categories of AS in the IMO1. Ship with automated processes and decision support:
Seafarers are on board to operate and control shipboard systems and functions. Some operations may be automated.
2. Remotely controlled ship with seafarers on board: The ship is controlled and operated from another location, but seafarers are on board. Via satellite
3. Remotely controlled ship without seafarers on board: The ship is controlled and operated from another location. There are no seafarers on board.
122019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
Fully autonomous ship: The operating system of the ship is able to make decisions and determine actions by itself.
132019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
the remote ship where the tasks of operating the ship are performed via a remote control mechanism e.g. by a shore based human operator and
the automated ship where advanced decision support systems on board undertake all the operational decisions independently without intervention of a human operator.
142019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
Levels of control
15
A number of systems for categorizing the level of control applicable to
Unmanned Vessels have been developed, notably by the European Defense
Agency’s Safety and Regulations for European Unmanned Maritime Systems
(SARUMS) group.
2019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
Levels of Control definitions.
162019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
3. Characteristics of autonomous ship No captain and crew member on the board
Remote controlled on the shore control center
Emergence of remote controlled cargo ship in 2020
Without rooms for crew member
Remote controlled commercial ship will be vulnerable to hackers
They will hijack it or change its route, deliberately cause collision
Security and regulatory will be strengthened and modified to deal with ship security and safety events.
172019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
An illustration of the benefits of autonomous ships – from Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd.
182019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
192019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
4. Benefits of AS1. Efficiencies of Ships Without a Crew
When automation becomes viable, the industry isn’t planning to just make the same cargo ships they currently do minus crew. They are planning on making a whole new class of vessels re-envisioned from the ground up.
It seems likely that crew reduction will occur before total crew replacement. Until robots become dextrousenough to fix engines or complete other routine onboard tasks, humans may need to be in the loop –even if just in the case of emergencies.
202019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
2. Reduced Human Error and Risk
Autonomy also holds the promise of reducing human error and therefore bringing down costs related to accidents and insurance.
According to Allianz Global Corporate & Speciality, between 75% and 96% of all accidents in the shipping sector can be attributed to human error. These incidents rank as the top cause of liability loss.
212019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 96% of all marine casualty occur due to human errors. The aforementioned factor is very serious and hence has given the rise to the thought of autonomous ships. Autonomous ships are state-of-the-art maritime transport to meet competitiveness, safety and sustainability challenges of marine transportation.
Autonomous ships are capable of tackling many issues related to marine transportation such as human errors, casualty losses, adverse weather conditions and criminal activities.
222019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
3. Reduced the Risks of Piracy
without human crews to threaten or hold hostage, the issue of piracy along certain trade routes would also likely be reduced or mostly eliminated. Kidnapping crew members for ransom money is a main driving force behind modern piracy.
According to the State of Maritime Piracy report, last year there were 18 incidents of kidnapping for ransom off the coast of West Africa and 21 incidents in Asia.
232019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
4. Reduced crew costs
Autonomous ships can obviously offer the advantage of reducing/eliminating the expense of salaries and benefits for crew members.
autonomous ships offer a variety of other merits such as efficient use of space in ship design, better fuel efficiency and reduction in transportation time.
242019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
5. Current development of AS In countries such as Denmark, Norway, Finland, the
United Kingdom, Japan and China, we concentrate our R & D investment, legislation and policy development and technology impact assessment to preempt technology development and international standardization for autonomous vessels. has exist
252019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
(1) Current development of AS in Japanese Consortium – 2025 the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transportation and Tourism announced a joint project between Mitsui O.S.K. Lines and Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co. to develop autonomous ships.
The research consortium is bringing together companies, government agencies, and universities to create a technological concept for autonomous vessels.
The R&D effort is expected to cost hundreds of millions. The goal is shared expertise among several Japanese shipping companies to have autonomous ships by 2025.
262019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
developing a technological concept for autonomous ocean transport system, was selected by Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism (MLIT) for its FY2017 Transportation Research and Technology Promotion Program (Note) on May 16, 2017.
The research consortium of the project is comprised of MOL, Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding, the National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK), Japan Ship Technology Research Association, and AkishimaLaboratories (Mitsui Zosen) Inc.
272019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
282019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
(2) Current development of AS in China China has started the construction of a test field for
autonomous ships in Zhuhai, Guangdong. on 12Feb 2018
The project will be the first of its kind in Asia and could become the world’s largest offshore test field for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), according to Zhuhai China.
Expected to be the country’s main base for research into autonomous ship technology in the coming three to five years, the Wanshan Marine Test Field will provide an area of 771 square kilometers.
292019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
The test field would enable the testing of technologies such as autonomous obstacle avoidance and steering, China.org.cn reported.
As informed, the project is a result of a partnership between Zhuhai government, China Classification Society (CCS), Wuhan University of Technology and Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technology.
Last year, industry bodies in China, led by HNA Technology Logistics Group and CSS established the unmanned cargo ship development alliance. The alliance is founder and facilitator of technical product rules, in addition to organizing and leading future development of unmanned shipping.
302019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
312019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
(3) Current development of AS in Korea Development of autonomous ship-based maritime port
management service aims to develop operational technology that allows marine vessels to monitor and share information at the land control center during normal operation and remotely adjust the ship in case of emergency.- The development items of main technology and operation technology are context recognition technology, remote control technology, autonomous navigation technology, forecast preservation technology, flight control technology combined with sensor, in-vessel IoT, big data, artificial intelligence technology, communication and remote control technology. 322019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
Conditional Simulation and situational awarenessfor Navigation Control System Concept
332019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
(4) Current development of AS in USA The maritime industry, both commercial and
governmental, is readying itself: April 2016 saw two separate events showing this. the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA christened the US Navy’s first unmanned surface vehicle Sea Hunter – a 40-metre long trimaran. The US Navy hopes to mobilise the vessel for anti- submarine warfare by 2018.
342019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
Japan’s NYK has completed a trial on the world’s first autonomous ship, a 70,826-tonne pure car truck carriers (PCTC) Iris Leader, sailing from China to Japan.
Using the Sherpa System for Real ship (SSR) navigation system, the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) trial was performed from 14-17 September from China’s Xinsha to Japan’s Nagoya, and then from Nagoya to Yokohama from 19-20 September in 2019.
352019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
6. The impact of Autonomous ship on port operation
InboundOutbound
Foreign Navigation
Supportsystem
Domestic
Factory
Market
Stevedoring
system
StorageSystem
Port operation management
Port operation system
InlandAccessSystem
2019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge 36
Comparison of external appearance between manned ship and autonomous ship Manned ship Autonomous ship
372019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
38
Autonomous Ship
Manned ship
Harbor Operation
Stevedoring Operation
Traditional CT
AutomaticCT
The impact of Autonomous Ship on container port operation
Container Port Operation
• VTS• Pilot• Tug boat• Fuel /water
supplier• Daily
necessities supplier
• Mooring and un mooring
• Loading and unloading
• CY Storage • CFS • Logistics
center2019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
Coordination between Remote control and Autonomous operation Remote control Autonomous operation
Port operations
Navigation in congested areas
Advanced maneuvering situations
Navigation at open sea
Total ship traffic overview
Route and speed optimization
392019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge
Thanks for your attentionWelcome to Kaohsiung harbor [email protected] Charlie YC Yang
2019/12/6Module8 Current development of smart shippinge 40