Elizabeth Valentinelizabeth.valentin@outlook.com

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Structure 2 Fall 2012

Pertemuan II : 16 September 2012Conjunction

Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan

Conjunction

3. Correlative conjunctions

2. Subordinate conjunctions

1. Coordinate conjunctions

Conjuntions:Kata Penghubung

Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunction

Coordinate Conjunction

• For• And• But• Or• Yet• So

Coordinate Conjunction

1• Structural Unit Joined By

Coordinate Conjunctions

2• Functional Unit Joined by

Coordinate Conjunctions

Structural unit

Coordinate conjunctions joining

words

Coordinate conjunctions joining

phrases

Coordinate conjunctions joining

clauses

Joining words

Noun• Anton and

Toni • Table and

chair• Books and

Pencils• Paper, cloth,

or wood• Children, men

and woman

Verb• Slipped and

fell• Jumped and

ran• Type and Print• Listen,write or

read• Sing,dance,

and play

Adjectives• Tall and slim• Stupid but

beautiful• Small or tall• Happy, cheer,

or melancholy• Cheap,econo

mical, or expensive

Adverb• Slowly and

carefully• Quickly but

quietly• Late or early• Clearly, loudly

or intelligently• Always,often

or never

menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat Noun & Noun (kata benda), verb & verb (kata kerja), adjective & adjective (kata sifat), adverb & adverb (kata keterangan).

• The choir sang the traditional songs and the national anthem beautifully.

• Are they studying English, typing his project, or playing games on a computer?

• They did not go on a picnic by their own cars but by public transportation

Joining phrases

Phrases : group of words without subject, predicate, or complement.Conjunction we can use: AND, OR, BUT

• He married a woman who was very intelligent and charming, but who could not cook at all.

• He is not very happy although he has a beautiful house, and although he has a lot of money.

• I will go with you after I have finished my work, or after I have my lunch.

Joining Clauses

Joining dependent clausesConjunction we can use: AND, OR, BUT

• Cinderella thought the prince had forgotten her, but he had not.

• The t-shirt is too small for you, yet it fits nicely to me.• Tina did not see anything, for she sat down at theback

row of the large room• We couldn't find the key, so we couldn't open the door

Joining Clauses

Joining independent clausesConjunction we can use: AND, OR, BUT, YET, SO, FOR

Functional Unit

Compound Subjects

Compound Predicate

Compound Object

Compound modifier

• Amir and Sani are from west Java• His house and my house are near.• How he looks or where he come from does not important

to me.• Who he is or what he is does not matter too much for me

Compound Subjects

• They cook, eat and sleep in the same room.• They read and write in English.• He took a bath, dressed up and went to school.

Compound Predicate

• He bought a pen and a pencil• He looked everywhere for his key and wallet.• He said he was tired and he was going to bed.• Indah went to Korea with her friend and her boyfriend.

Compound Object

• He was tired but happy• The pianist played brilliantly bus dispassionately• The professor explained the subjects clearly and

seriously

Compound Modifier

Compound subject yang digabungkan dengan “and” memerlukan kata kerja jamak.

• Amir and maruli are from north Sumatra.• Dog and cats often do not get along.

Tetapi apabila compound subject merupakan satu unit atau singular maka predikatnya bentuk tunggal/singular.

• Bread and butter is fattening,• The tea and coffee is used up• Macaroni and cheese is easy to make

Singular or Plural?

Compound subject yang digabungkan dengan “or” maka kata kerja yg digunakan adalah bentuk tunggal apabila unit yg digabung bentuk tunggal.

• Suci or Amin fails the test• Mr.Dahlan or his wife is mistaken

Tetapi apabila unit yg digabung dengan “or” mempunyai jumlah yg berbeda maka kata kerjanya disesuaikan dg unit yg terdekat.

• The players or the referee is mistaken• The referee or the players are mistaken

Singular or Plural?

Unit 2 Subordinate Conjunction

Pattern:- Independent clause + conjunction + dependent clause

(Main clause + conjunction + subordinate clause)

- Conjunction + Dependent clause + , (comma) + Independent clause

(Conjunction + subordinate clause + , + main clause)

Subordinate Conjunction

Subordinate Conjunctions

1• Single-word subordinate Conjunctions

2• Two-word Conjunctions

3

• Conjunctions begin with prepositional phrases

4• Split conjunctions

Single-word

• After, as, before, once, since, till, until, when (ever), whileTime

• Where(ever)Place

• As, because, sinceCause

• Although, though, whereas, while Contrast

• unless, whenConditions

• purposePurpose

Two-words

• Inasmuch as, now (that)Cause

• Provided/providing (that),if only, in case, only ifCondition

• As if, as thoughManner

• Assuming thatContrast

• So thatPurpose

• So thatResult

Conjunctions begin with prepositional phrases

• Prepositional phrase +as : as far as, as long as• Prepositional phrase +that: for the purpose that, in order

that, …..• Prepositional phrase +the fact that: because of the fact

that..

Split Conjunctions

• So…that.., such…that.., such(a)….that..Result

• As/so……as..Positive degree

• -er, more…..than.., lessComparative degree

Unit 3Correlative Conjunctions

Menghubungkan kata, frasa yang sederajat• Both……..and…• Not only…..but also…

Menghubungkan kata, frasa yang sederajat, serta

Menghubungkan klausa

• Either……..or…• Neither……nor…

Correlative Conjunctions

• Both my father and my mother were in Korea last week.• Both Ani and her friend are a liar.

• Not only my father but also my mother was in Korea last week.

• Not only my brother but also my sisters were in Korea last week

• Neither my sister nor my parents are here.• Neither my parents nor my sister is here.

• She likes either coffee or tea

Single or Plural?

Plural!

Plural!

Single!

• This kind of wok takes both time and energy• I studied not only math but also chemistry• She likes either coffee or tea• It not only rained but also snowed yesterday• This book is neither interesting nor accurate

Parallel structure

Parallel structure

both noun and nounnot only noun but also noun

either noun or nounnot only verb (past) but also verb (past)

neither adjective nor adjective

Menggabungkan 2 independent clause

• Neither he knows nor does he care what happened• Neither he paid attention nor did he understand the

lesson

• Either we have to do what they say, or we will leave him• Either we will wait for him in the bus stop, or we will

leave him

Either..or.. // Neither..nor..

Inversi / Pembalikan

Due date: Sept 23rd 2012

Make at least one sentence using- At least 5 subordinate clauses from every type (single-

word, two-word, split conjunction, and conjunction begins with prepositional phrases)

Note: try to make the sentence using different conjunction! - Every coordinate and correlative clauses

Homework

QUIZ

Sept 23rd 2012

Material: Module 1 and module 2

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