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Module 4: The Early Middle Ages Lesson 1: The Byzantine Empire

Characteristics • Lasted from 330 to 1453; 1400 years

• Considered themselves _________ (_________), not Byzantines

• Very impressive militarily, political flexibility, and had a role in the

critical ___________ of the ancient world and the modern world

Justinian (527-565) • _____________________ parts of North Africa, Italy & Spain

• Wanted to restore ____________ to its former Glory

• Absolute __________________ and Head of the _____________

• _______________ Code - ______________________________

• Rebuilt ______________________

• Built ________________________

Nika Revolt • Hippodrome

• ____________between fans

• Government responded ________________

• Riot turned into a ______________

Theodora • Justinian’s _________

• Advised Justinian not to _________

• Urged Justinian to change law to affect __________ (divorce, land etc)

The Empire Falls • The Plague- in 542 ________________ people died every day

(reoccurrences until 700)

• ______________ from East & West

• By _____________ it was extremely small

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The Church Divides • Christianity began to ___________ differently in the East and the West

of the Roman Empire.

• So in 1054 the West and East Church split.

• East-Eastern ___________________

• West-Roman ___________________

The Great Schism 1054 Roman Catholic

• No married ____________ allowed

• Icons accepted

• Roman _________ - supreme church authority

• __________ claims authority over all kings and emperors

• Holy _________ combines both Father & Son (Trinity)

• _____________ is not permitted

Eastern Orthodox • Married ________________ allowed

• Icons initially rejected, later accepted

• The ________________ and bishops head Church as a group

• ______________ claims authority over the patriarch and other bishops

• Maintained supremacy of the _______________ in the Trinity

• _____________________ is allowed under certain conditions

Windows in to Heaven • _________ - image or likeness (symbol)

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Lesson 2 Early Russia

Russia’s Birth • _________________ & _____________

• City of ____________ becomes Orthodox

• __________________converted to Christianity

Kiev’s Power & Decline

• Ties to ______________________ through trade and religion

• Yaroslav the ___________

• Greater glory (Vladimir’s son)

• Used __________________ to form alliances

• Built first __________________ in Kiev

• Kiev’s Decline

• Kingdom _______________ after Yaroslav’s death

• _______________________ disrupted trade

• (1240- 1480) _____________ occupation until Ivan III

European Middle Ages 500 – 1500

Lesson 3: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Germanic Kingdoms 400 AD – 700 AD

• Farmers & Herders

• No ____________________ or laws

• Carved up ____________________

• ___________________ - most successful Germanic group

• ___________________ - king of the Franks, converted to Christianity

Monks and Nuns

• Could withdraw from ___________________ life to monasteries and convents

• Christianize and educate ________________ areas

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Benedictine Rule

• 520- Benedict made rules for _____________ & _____________ that established the basic form of

monasticism in the Catholic Church

• Took oath of ________________________

• Main duties- ______________________ & worship

• Also manual ______________ - worked fields

• 590 – under Gregory I ,the papacy became a _______________ power

Charles Martel

• ____________________ swept from the Middle East

• Battle of _____________ (732) - Frankish warriors defeated Muslim army.

• _______________________ between two religions

The Age of Charlemagne

• In 800, his _______________________ stretched across France, Germany & Italy.

• Encouraged _____________________

Pope Leo III

• Called on ___________________________________ to help with rebellious Romans

• ______________________________________ was crowned emperor

• Eastern Roman emperor thought this was ____________________

• Widened the _____________ between Eastern & Western Rome

Charlemagne’s Heirs • Charlemagne died in 814 & empire fell apart • 843- Treaty of ___________________ - split the empire into 3 parts.

Lesson 4: Feudalism and the Manor Economy

Vikings

• Expert sailors & fighters from ________________________________ • ____________________ and burned cities - wanted resources • They were also traders and __________________________ • 1000 A.D.- ___________________________ set up a Viking colony on N. America

New Attacks • Late 800’s - Muslims captured ___________________ • 896- Magyars invaded Europe & eventually settled modern day ________________

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A New System of Rule

The Manor

• Manor - lord’s ____________________ • Peasants & serfs were bound to the _____________ • Worked for lord in return for ________________________ • The Manor was __________________________________

Daily Life

• Peasants - life was ___________

• Worked ______________ hours

• Ate __________________ foods

• ___________________ common in winter

• Celebrated marriages, births etc.

• Attended __________________

• Believed in ___________________, love potions, magic charms, witches

The Age of Chivalry

• Chivalry - a code of ____________________ • Brave, loyal, true to and, generous to enemies • ___________________ protected and cherished

The World of Warriors • _______________ - warrior on horseback • At age _________ sent to lord’s castle for training • Dubbed “knight” at age __________ • Tournaments & contests: Why? _____________________________________

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Castles

• Lords __________________ homes to withstand attack

• High wall, towers, drawbridges, & ______________

• Stored food and water to withstand long ______________

Noblewomen • _____________ became the lord of the manor while husband off fighting • Duties: spin & weave cloth & supervise __________________ • Expected to have many children and be loyal to her ________________________