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Module : Hospital Information Module : Hospital Information Management Management
Dr Kithsiri Edirisinghe
MBBS , MSc, MD ( Medical Administration)
Master Trainer Australia
Crt. IV in TAE
Cert. IVLP (USA)
ObjectiveObjective: :
The course orients the trainees on the ways of managing hospital information for the effective functioning of the hospital. It gives emphasis on the computerization of hospital services.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
ContentsContents
1. Introduction to Hospital Information Management: Concept of information management, use of information in hospital administration; application of information system in hospitals.
2. Confidentiality, Security and privacy of hospital information system
3. Introduction to Hospital Software
4. Introduction to the Hospital patient care process analysis
5. Introduction to IT in medical equipments
6. Introduction to IT Projects
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Evaluation method Evaluation method
Modular exam Structured Essay and MCQ Assignment – Project report
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
ContentsContents
1. Introduction to Hospital Information Management: Concept of information management, use of information in hospital administration; application of information system in hospitals.
2. Confidentiality, Security and privacy of hospital information system
3. Introduction to Hospital Software & Projects
4. Management of computerization project in the hospital: Areas of computerization in the hospital: patient care, medical records, and business administration
5. Modular evaluation : Conceptualize a project on computerization of a hospital service unit
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Topic 01 MIS Topic 01 MIS
Management Information Systems
Dr Kithsiri Edirisinghe
Topic 01 Topic 01
Introduction management Information systems (MIS) Concept of information management and the
definitions and the process involved.
Management Information Systems
V A\What is MIS_.flvRead -What is MIS
Introduction to Management Information Systems
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems
Why Do People Need Information?
Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control
V01 V01
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information and Healthcare services Information and Healthcare services
Updates the level of knowledge Reduce uncertainty leading to avoid confusion and
conflicts Aids in decision making. Improves representation of an
entity Improves patient care output and ou come leading
efficiency and effectives of the health care services
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information, Data, Information, and Systemsand Systems
Data vs. Information Data
“given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information
Information Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulation
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information, Data, Information, and Systemsand Systems
Intelligence Information is made more valuable Use experience and make judgment Facilitate faster and more realistic decision making Done by experts in the field
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information,Data, Information,and Systemsand Systems
Data Manipulation
Example: customer survey Reading through data collected from a customer survey with
questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.
When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information,Data, Information,and Systemsand Systems
Generating Information Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and
produce information as output.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
Introduction to MIS and E Economy Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
Effective informationEffective information
Information in Context
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information,Data, Information,and Systemsand Systems
Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information, Data, Information, and Systemsand Systems
What Is a System? System: A set of components that work together to
achieve a common goal Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of
more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal
Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems
Open system: System that interfaces with other systems
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information,Data, Information,and Systemsand Systems
Information and Managers Systems thinking
Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.
Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of business.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information,Data, Information,and Systemsand Systems
The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy
Synergy When combined resources produce output that exceeds the
sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately
Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information,Data, Information,and Systemsand Systems
Figure 1.6 Components of an information system
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Data, Information, Data, Information, and Systemsand Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or presented.
Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Why Study IS?Why Study IS?
Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP),
database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use
information technology.
Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy Key to full participation in western society
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Ethical and Societal IssuesEthical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright SideThe Not-So-Bright Side
Consumer Privacy Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge
amounts of data on individuals.
Employee Privacy IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating
privacy and creating stress.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Ethical and Societal IssuesEthical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright SideThe Not-So-Bright Side
Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual
property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike
other professions.
Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than
3% have Internet access.
MIS- Management Information Systems TPS – Transaction Processing system DSS – Decision support systems EMS – Executive Management System
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Categories of SystemsCategories of Systems
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Management Information Management Information SystemsSystems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Support operation Management and
control Routine, normal
operations
Management Information Systems (MIS) Provide decision-
making support for routine, structured decisions
Closely linked to and fed by TPS
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Management Information Management Information SystemsSystems
Terminology ConfusionMIS = the study of information
technology in business settingsBut, MIS is also term to refer to class of
systems used to support operational and tactical decisionmaking
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
A Model for Problem A Model for Problem SolvingSolving
Decision Making PhaseIntelligence gatheringDesignChoice
ImplementationMonitoring
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Decision MakingDecision Making A step in problem solving Intelligence gathering
Definition of problem Data gathered on scope Constraints identified
Design phase Alternatives identified and assessed
Choice Selection of an alternative
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Structured vs. Unstructured Structured vs. Unstructured ProblemsProblems
Structured problems lend themselves to programmed decisionsThe implication is that a repeatable
process can be employed and these can be automated
Unstructured problems require unprogrammed decisions
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Unstructured ProblemsUnstructured ProblemsCan be addressed (or partially addressed)
with Decision Support Systems
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Structured ProblemsStructured ProblemsCan be addressed by an MISThree decision models or techniques
Optimization Find the best solution
Satisficing Find a solution which meets certain criteria
Heuristics Rule-based solution generation
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Goals of an MISGoals of an MISProvide managers with informationRegular, routine operationsControl, organize and plan better
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Typical Inputs and OutputsTypical Inputs and OutputsInputs: Information from the TPSOutputs: hard and softcopy reports
Scheduled reportsOn-demand reportsKey-indicator (business fundamentals)Exception reports
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Functional Perspectives of MISFunctional Perspectives of MIS
Financial MISWill integrate information from multiple
sourcesFunctions
Costing P&L reporting Auditing Funds management
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Functional Perspectives of MISFunctional Perspectives of MIS
ManufacturingDesign and EngineeringMaster Production SchedulingInventory ControlMaterials PlanningManufacturing and Process ControlQuality Control
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Functional Perspectives of MISFunctional Perspectives of MIS
MarketingMarket research
Web-based market research
Pricing
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Functional Perspectives of MISFunctional Perspectives of MIS
Transportation and LogisticsRoute and schedule optimization
Human ResourcesAccounting
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Decision Support SystemsDecision Support Systems Used for unstructured problems Characteristics
Data from multiple sources internal and external to organization Presentation flexibility Simulation and what-if capability Support for multiple decision approaches Statistical analysis
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Components of a DSSComponents of a DSSModel management software
Provides a variety of solution models Financial, statistical, graphical, project
management
Dialogue ManagerAllows user interaction with DSS
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Group Decision Making SystemsGroup Decision Making Systems
Very interesting fieldHow can information technology improve
how decisions are made by groups?
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Group Decision Making SystemsGroup Decision Making Systems
Applications Where time is critical Where participants are geographically dispersed Where authority obstructs communication Military Business Government
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Group Decision Making SystemsGroup Decision Making Systems
Common characteristics Meeting moderation/facilitation Signed and anonymous comments Structured deliberations
Presentation period Comment period Automated collation of comments “Voting”
Face-to-face and remote
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Executive Information SystemsExecutive Information Systems
What information does a chief executive of board member require?
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Executive Information SystemsExecutive Information Systems
High level with drill downKey business and industry dataStructured and unstructured information
Structured: MTD ordersUnstructured: Industry newsfeed
Graphical
V 02 V 02
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Activity 01 Activity 01
What are the benefits in MIS for healthcare services ? - Make a mind map
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Introduction to e- Economy Introduction to e- Economy
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Strategic Use of Information Technology in the Digital Economy
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Technology TriviaTechnology Trivia http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/technology/articles/quiz_archive.htm
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives Describe the characteristics of the digital economy and e-
business. Recognize the relationships between business pressures,
organizational responses, and information systems. Identify the major pressures in the business environment
and describe the major organizational responses to them. Define computer-based information systems and
information technology. Describe the role of information technology in supporting
the functional areas, public services and specific industries List the new technology development in the areas of generic
and networked computing and Web-based systems. Understand the importance of learning about information
technology.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Digital Economy – “New” EconomyDigital Economy – “New” Economy
E-Business: The use of electronic technologies to transact business.
Collaboration: People and Organizations interact, communicate, collaborate and search for information
Information Exchange: Storing, processing and transmission of information.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Digital BusinessDigital Business
Your Domain/URL
Internet
POS
Appliance ServerStore 3
PCThin Client
Appliance
On-line Multi-station Store
Net Appliance
Store 1
On-lineSingle-station Store
On-line CustomersConsumer & Business
Commercial
E-commerce
Hub
AccountingPhone OrdersMail Orders
Order Fulfillment
STARS
Thin ClientThin Client
In-house operations
PCPC
PC
Purchasing
On-line Salesperson
Linux Credit Card Approval
Apache Server
Cold Fusion
Sybase ASE Database
Linux SSL
Apache Server
Beacon Hill's Stars
Tarentella
SCO UnixLinuxUnix
Business to BusinessServer
E-Commerce Server
Windows 2000
Offi ce Suite Video Conferencing
Server
IP Address 1
IP Address 2
IP Address 3
STARS
Networks
Internet
Telecommunications
Consumer In-office
Field Sales
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
The Old Economy The Old Economy – Taking Photo’s– Taking Photo’s
1. Buy film in a store
2. Load your camera
3. Take pictures
4. Take roll of film to store for processing
5. Pickup the film when ready
6. Select specific photos for enlargement
7. Mail to family and friends
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
The New Economy The New Economy – Taking Photo’s– Taking Photo’s
1st Generation Digital Photography Old economy except 6 and 7 were replaced by using a
scanner and emailing
2nd Generation Digital Photography Use a Digital Camera, no film, no processing.
3rd Generation Digital Photography Your Digital Camera is now your mobile phone, in
your binoculars or a palmtop computer.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Business ModelsBusiness Models
A business model is a method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself. The model spells out how the company adds value to create a product or service. (Value Chain) Nokia makes and sells cell phones A TV station provides free broadcasting. Its survival
depends on a complex model involving advertisers and content providers.
Internet portals, such as Yahoo, also use a complex business model.
Changing
Changing
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Digital Age Business ModelsDigital Age Business Models
Name-Your-Own Price
Reverse Auctions
Affiliate Marketing
E-Marketplaces and Exchanges
Electronic aggregation (buying groups)
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Drivers Forcing Changes In Business Drivers Forcing Changes In Business ModelsModels
Environmental, organizational, and technological factors are creating a highly competitive business environment these factors or forces can change quickly, sometimes in an unpredictable manner.
Therefore, companies need to react frequently and quickly to both the threats and the opportunities resulting from this new business environment. A response can be a reaction to a pressure already in existence, an initiative intended to defend an organization against future pressures, or an activity that exploits an opportunity created by changing conditions.
Business Pressures
Business Critical Response Activities
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
The Drivers of changeThe Drivers of change
Business Pressures on an Organization that force change.
Market
Technology
Society
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
The Drivers of change The Drivers of change ContinuedContinued
Business Pressures on an Organization.
MarketSociety
Technology
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Organizational Response to these DriversOrganizational Response to these Drivers
Strategic Management & Systems Continuous Improvement – Operational Efficiency Restructuring business processes Manufacturer to order, Mass-Customization Customer Focus Strategy Electronic business Business Alliances
Technology is required Technology is required to effectively to effectively implement these implement these critical responses. critical responses.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemInformation System An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and
disseminates information for a specific purpose. Like any other system, an information system includes inputs (data, instructions) and outputs (reports, calculations). It processes the inputs by using technology such as PCs and produces outputs that are sent to users or to other systems via electronic networks and a feedback mechanism that controls the operation.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information System Is A SystemInformation System Is A System
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Computer Based Information SystemComputer Based Information System
Hardware Software Data Network Procedures People
HardwareSoftware
People
DataApplicationApplication
More than More than hardware and hardware and software software
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Applications and OperationsApplications and Operations
Retail operations Wholesale Manufacturing Human Resources Marketing Content management …
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective
MarketingMarketing Identify customers Determine what they want Planning products Advertising and promoting products Determine prices for products
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective
SalesSales Contact customers Sell the product Take the order Follow-up on the sale 5 year sales forecast
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective
ManufacturingManufacturing Control Equipment and machinery Design new products When and quantity of products to produce New production facilities Generate the work order
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective
PurchasingPurchasing Which vendors Quantity to purchase Coop, rebate tracking Handle delivery discrepancies Generate the purchase order
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective
FinanceFinance Financial Assets Investment management Banking Long term budgets
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective
AccountingAccounting Accounts Receivable Disbursements Payroll Depreciation Earned Coop and Rebates
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Information SystemsInformation Systems Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective
Human ResourcesHuman Resources Employee wages, salaries & benefits Long term labor requirements Tracking vacation, sick, Track employee skills Interview and review employees
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Trends in TechnologyTrends in Technology Cost-performance ratio of chips keeps improving. Moore’s Law,
his prediction was that the processing power of silicon chips would double every 18 months.
According to McGarvey & tenornetworks.com, states that the performance of optical communication networks is growing by a factor of 10 every three years
Several new devices and methods to increase storage capacity price performance
Object technology enables the development of self-contained units of software that can be shared
Networked and distributed computing is emerging rapidly Metcalfe’s Law.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Trends in Technology Trends in Technology (continued)(continued)
InternetMobile Computing and M-CommerceWireless networksPervasive ComputingSmart Devices
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Trends in Technology Trends in Technology (continued)(continued)
The Network ComputerOptical NetworksStorage Area NetworksIntranets & ExtranetsThe Internet
The Networked EnterpriseThe Networked Enterprise
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
Why Study Information Systems?Why Study Information Systems?
You will be more effective in your chosen career if you understand how successful information systems are built, used, and managed.
You also will be more effective if you know how to recognize and avoid unsuccessful systems and failures.
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Top seven fastest growing occupations fall within IT or computer related field”
Developing “Computer” Literacy will only enhance your Developing “Computer” Literacy will only enhance your “Information” Literacy“Information” Literacy
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
The OutlineThe Outline
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
MANAGERIAL ISSUESMANAGERIAL ISSUES
• Recognizing opportunities for using IT and Web-based systems. • Who will build, operate, and maintain the information systems. This is
a critical issue because management wants to minimize the cost of IT while maximizing its benefits. Some alternatives are to outsource portions, or even all, of the IT activities, and to divide the remaining work between the IS department and the end users.
• How much IT? This is a critical issue related to IT planning. IT does not come free, but not having it may be much costlier.
• How important is IT? In some cases, IT is the only approach that can help organizations. As time passes, the comparative advantage of IT increases.
• Is the situation going to change? Yes, the pressures will be stronger as time passes. Therefore, the IT role will be even more important.
• Globalization. Global competition will have an impact on many companies. However, globalization opens many opportunities, ranging from selling and buying products and services online in foreign markets, to conducting joint ventures or investing in them. IT supports communications, collaboration, and discovery of information regarding all the above.
Introduction to MIS and E Economy
MANAGERIAL ISSUES MANAGERIAL ISSUES ContinuedContinued
• Ethics and social issues. The implementation of IT involves many ethical and social issues that are constantly changing due to new developments in technologies and environments. These topics should be examined any time an IT project is undertaken.
• Transforming the organization to the digital economy. The transformation can be done on several fronts. Management should study the opportunities, consider alternatives and prioritize them.
