MODULE TITLE Practice Education 1

MODULE LEVEL Level 4

MODULE CREDIT POINTS 30 Credits

SI MODULE CODE (if known)

23-4P30-00L

MODULE JACS CODE

SUBJECT GROUP Diagnostic Radiography

MODULE DELIVERY PATTERN ( as applicable or give dates for non-standard delivery) NB "Semester 3" ends on 31 July each year

LONG (2 semesters) SHORT (1 semester)

NON-STANDARD DELIVERY

Sem 1 & 2 Sem 1 Start Date

Sem 2 & 3 Sem 2 End Date

Sem 3

MODULE ASSESSMENT PATTERN ( as applicable - also complete Table A, Section 5, below)

Single Module Mark with Overall Module Pass Mark of 40%

Single Module Mark - Pass/Fail only

Up to Three Assessment Tasks with Pass Mark of 40% for each Task and Overall Module Pass Mark of 40%

Up to Three Assessment Tasks - Pass/Fail only

Other - Task 1 - Pass mark of 40% Task 2 - Pass/fail Task 3 - Pass mark of 50% in line with Common Clinical Practice Assessment Tool Overall Module Pass Mark of 40%

Overall Module Pass Mark if other than 40% %

MODULE INFORMATION ( as applicable - also complete Table A, Section 5

Is a timetabled examination required for the assessment of this module?

Is a timetabled examination required for the reassessment of this module?

Is the module delivered wholly by Distance Learning (i.e. not timetabled at SHU)

Are any staff who are responsible for teaching on this module non-SHU employees?

MODULE STATUS ( as applicable to status of module in the context of current proposal)

Unchanged: an existing module, presented as unchanged from previous years

Modified: an existing module being modified as a result of this validation, e.g. changes to delivery or assessment pattern, title, credit weighting etc

New: new module to be approved through current validation process

If status is 'Modified', please give date when modified version is to be available from

Modified Version Available from September 2009

Breakdown of notional study hours by type (Typically requires 10 hours of notional study time for 1 CATS credit)

Tutor-Led (Contact Hours)

Tutor-Directed Study

Self-Directed Study

TOTAL STUDY HOURS for this Module

20 10 clinical

270 300

OTHER COURSES FEATURING THIS MODULE (please list below)

1 AIM OF THIS MODULE The aim of this module is to facilitate you to develop skills and confidence in general

radiographic practice prior to attending clinical placement and throughout the academic year and to encourage you to make the best use of learning experiences offered in the practice environment under clinical supervision.

1 BY ENGAGING SUCCESSFULLY WITH THIS MODULE YOU WILL BE

ABLE TO Safety

1 explain safe care and practice in relation to self and others, comply with Health and Safety requirements, assess risk and take appropriate action where necessary (Prog spec LO 2.4.1, 2.4.2) (SoP 1a.1, 1a.5, 2b.4, 3a.3) 2 recognize and respond appropriately to physical risk to self and others in their care. (Prog spec LO 2.4.1, 2.4.2) (SoP 1a.1, 1a.5, 2b.4, 3a.3)

Personal and professional development

3 at regular intervals and through reflective practice, identify your own strengths and weaknesses (Prog spec LO 2.4.10) (SoP - 1a.5, 2c.2,) 4 negotiate an achievable action plan for personal and professional development taking responsibility for carrying out any necessary action (Prog spec LO 2.5.2 ) (SoP -1a.5, 2c.2,) 5 adhere to the Statements of Professional Conduct of the Society of Radiographers and the HPC's Code of Ethics and Conduct (Prog spec LO 2.4.1) ( SoP 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a.)

Quality

6 participate in Quality Assurance procedures and audit (SoP 2b.4, 2c.1, 2c.2, 3a.1)

Clinical competence

7 interpret and assess requests and previous images, and justify (as defined by IR (ME) R 2000) the appropriate choice of examination. (Prog spec LO 2.4.10) (SoP 1b.2, 2a.4, 2b.1, 2b.2, 3a.1) 8 perform the most appropriate strategies and approaches to imaging (under supervision by a registered radiographer), including appropriate room preparation, prioritization of workflow and effective management of time (Prog spec LO 2.5.2, 2.5.4) (SoP 1a.1, 1a.2, 1a.3, 1a.4, 1a.6, 1b.4, 1b.5, 2a.2., 2a.3, 2b.1, 2b.3, 2b.4) 9 operate safely, under protocol, as assistant radiographic practitioners (under supervision by a registered radiographer), both independently and within multi-disciplinary teams selecting and performing the most appropriate approaches in optimizing imaging practices (Prog spec LO 2.4.1, 2.4.6, 2.5.4,) (SoP 1a.1, 1a.2, 1a.3, 1a.4, 1a.5 1a.6, 1b.2, 1b.3, 1b.4, 1b.5, 2a.2., 2a.3, 2b.1, 2b.2, 2b.3, 2b.4) 10 maintain records appropriately using correct terminology and communicate information effectively, through written, electronic, verbal and health informatics skills (Prog spec LO 2.5.1, 2.5.3) (SoP 1a.3, 1b.4, 1b.5, 2b.5) 11 use appropriate communication skills throughout the "patient's imaging episode", taking into account psychological, social and cultural needs of patients (Prog spec LO 2.4.11) (SoP 1a.2, 1a.3, 1a.4, 1b.2, 1b.4, 1b.5) 12 use and explain numerical approaches in the calculation of exposure factors and dose measurement (Prog spec LO 2.5.4) (SoP 2a.1, 2b.2, 2b.4, 3a.1) 13 identify and explain the quality of clinical images in relation to their diagnostic value, identifying anatomy, normal variants, physiology and common pathology (SoP 3a.1) 14 identify your own limitations and boundaries and scope of practice seeking assistance appropriately (Prog spec LO 2.4.1, 2.4.10) (SoP 1a.1, 1a.5,) 15 state typical systems of work-flow for patient referrals from Accident and Emergency, Out-patient departments and General Practitioners exploring the potential for service improvement and/or innovation. (SoP 2c.1, 3a.2)

3 THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF THE CONTENT OF THE MODULE systems of work within an imaging department

emergency care/procedures relevant to imaging (including CPR, moving and handling) safety in the work environment (including fire, COSHH, accident/incident, local rules)

principles of patient care X-ray examinations of the upper limb X-ray examinations of the lower limb X-ray examinations of the chest and thoracic contents X-ray examinations of the shoulder and pelvic girdles

Including radiographic anatomy & pathology

X-ray examinations of the abdomen X-ray examinations of spine Normal radiographic anatomy image quality - contrast, density and detail - affect of kVp and mAs on image quality - image unsharpness optimisation of image quality assessing image quality general x-ray equipment and accessories basic exposure calculations Statements of professional conduct, professional behaviour and role portfolio structure and design. Bony anatomical landmarks Systems of referral Request cards - layout of information, interpretation of key information, abbreviations and terminology Patient centred care Professional communication Clinical applications training in X-ray room Risk assessment and safety issues Hospital acquired infections and infection control Conflict resolution

4 THESE ARE THE MAIN WAYS YOU WILL BE SUPPORTED IN YOUR LEARNING

TO ACHIEVE THESE OUTCOMES

Role play and simulated activity will be the key focus for delivering this module during academic attendance using the practice skills suite, the X-ray room and the image processing room, thus facilitating the integration of theory to practice. Learning from the simulated environment will then be applied to practice in the clinical setting.

Small groups of students will work interactively on structured scenarios which will mimic the entire patient episode in accordance to topic areas delivered in Soft tissue 1 and Musculo-skeletal one modules. Under tutor and peer supervision, you will position each other and manipulate the equipment in the X-ray room. Anthropomorphic phantoms will be exposed and the images discussed encouraging you to apply the theory delivered in Scientific Imaging Technology 1 and 2. You will be encouraged to be proactive in debriefing sessions to discuss and reflect on their performances and progress.

Key note lectures will be delivered to support the clinical learning. You will be required to build an e-portfolio of learning throughout the

academic year which will bring together all aspects of learning and development throughout the course. This will you to identify your own strengths and weaknesses and formulate action plans as a response to developmental needs.

You will be allocated a particular clinical placement where you will be

supported by Clinical Liaison Officers. The Clinical liaison officers and supervisors are involved in monitoring and prioritizing areas for development in conjunction with you. You will attend placement to observe and practice techniques under the clinical supervision of a radiographer. Experience with unfamiliar and newly studied examinations will be gained initially through direct supervision and teamwork and leading to more independent practice. However, some elements of practice will remain under direct supervision according to Society and College of Radiographer's guidelines.

You will be supported by a clinical Placement handbook specifying the schedule of taught sessions , the assessment tasks, criteria and weighting and feedback details and clinical and induction workbooks to support the learning whilst on placement. On-line and e-learning resources will be available to you via the University's VLE.

5 THESE ARE THE WAYS THAT WILL BE USED TO ENABLE YOU TO

DEMONSTRATE YOU HAVE MET THE LEARNING OUTCOMES FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Formative assessment will be undertaken at the end of each semester in the academic environment. The formative assessment will entail practice and image interpretation skills assessment using the university's simulated environment and will ensure that theoretical learning from all level 4 modules is integrated into practice. Progression into clinical placement may be delayed if you do not achieve a pass.

Whilst on clinical placement formative assessment will be undertaken using clinical and induction workbooks to support the learning. Visiting lecturers will formatively assess your image interpretation skills at the end of semester 1 clinical attendance. The visiting lecturer will provide you with support and feedback on the development of your e-portfolio.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Task 1 You will be required to keep and maintain a professional development portfolio in an electronic format. The portfolio will need to demonstrate achievement of the learning outcomes; suggested topic areas will be safety, equipment evaluation, case studies, critical incident reflections, identification of strengths and weaknesses and action plans and the requirements of the Statements of Professional Conduct of the SCoR and the Statements of Proficiency of the HPC. The marked word limit will be 3,000 words

The electronic portfolio will assess learning outcomes 1, 3. 4, 5, 14 and is weighted at 60%.

Task 2 This task comprises of a log book of examinations undertaken, visiting lecturer reports with action planning and Clinical Assessment log of 12 examinations for each assessment area as outlined in the clinical handbook. The clinical assessment scheme is a pass/fail task and will assess learning outcomes 1 - 15

Task 3 A summative Clinical Placement Review will be completed by a clinical supervisor and the visiting lecturer during an interview with you at the end of the semester 2 clinical placement. Key professional areas will be evaluated such as professional standards, professional practice and image evaluation.

The summative placement Review will be assessed using 3 bands

refer - not achieving minimum standards for level

pass - achieving minimum standards at level

good pass - achieving a standard above level.

The review will be weighted at 40% and will assess learning outcomes 1 - 15

Visiting lecturers will use the portfolio process to help further facilitate the student learning and development. The 3 summative tasks will be assessed by the module leader who will have ultimate responsibilty for the marks awarded.

To achieve a pass....

Learning outcome Pass criteria - Minimum to pass

Safety 1. explain safe care and practice in relation to self and others, comply with Health and Safety requirements, assess risk and take appropriate action where necessary

Identifies main risks associated with imaging and related procedures Reports faults using appropriate procedures Student practices safely

2. recognize and respond appropriately to physical risk to self and others in their care.

Most needs are identified and met with an appropriate response

Personal and professional development 3 at regular intervals and through reflective practice, identify your own strengths and weaknesses

A range of strengths and weaknesses are recognized

4 negotiate an achievable action plan for personal and professional development taking responsibility for carrying out any necessary action

Action points are devised and an action plan negotiated with visiting lecturer at an appropriate point in time Targets set and mostly achieved

5 adhere to the Statements of Professional Conduct of the Society of Radiographers and the HPC's Code of Ethics and Conduct

Most statements and codes adhered to

Quality 6 participate in Quality Assurance procedures and audit

One or more QA tests and audits are participated in and explored Participate in and report appropriately on one or more QA tests and audit

Clinical competence 7 interpret and assess requests and previous images, and justify (as defined by IR (ME) R 2000) the appropriate choice of examination.

Correctly interprets clinical information on the request card. The majority of common abbreviations and medical terminology presented are interpreted. Examination is fully justified

8 perform the most appropriate strategies and approaches to imaging (under supervision by a registered radiographer), including appropriate room preparation, prioritization of workflow and effective management of time

+Appropriate examination room is selected and checked to ensure that everything is properly prepared for the image(s) to be taken +Any faults or concerns are appropriately addressed +The procedure is carried out according to local infection control protocols and procedures +Patient is positioned in a manner which ensures his/her comfort as far as possible and allows the appropriate outcome to be achieved +Where required by local guidelines and protocols, the presence of carers is confirmed before, and maintained during the examination +Confirmation with the patient that they are ready before instructions are given and the exposure is made +Appropriate communication is maintained throughout the examination +The patient's condition and wellbeing are observed and appropriate action id taken where necessary +If an abnormality is observed on the image which is likely to impact on the patient's condition in the immediate future, appropriate action is taken +The equipment is returned to its standby state and the room is left ready for the next examination

9 operate safely, under protocol, as assistant radiographic practitioners (under supervision by a registered radiographer), both independently and within multi-disciplinary teams selecting and performing the most appropriate approaches in optimizing imaging practices

+Patient is received and his/her identification details are checked in accordance with local protocols +Operator and other individuals present identify themselves to the patient according to local guidelines and protocols +Select and manipulate imaging equipment safely +If appropriate females of child-bearing age are checked for pregnancy and action taken in accordance with local protocols +Patient's clinical condition is assessed to determine the need for additional staff and equipment to be immediately available +The Patient's agreement to the procedure is confirmed or sought according to local protocols. If this agreement is withdrawn at any stage, appropriate action is taken +An assessment is made of the patient to determine the need for manual handling aids and to inform any adaptation of the examination technique +The patient is positioned in a manner which ensures his/her comfort as far as possible and allows the appropriate outcome to be achieved +correct tube and image receptor are appropriately aligned, with anatomical legends correctly placed +The room is checked to ensure that only essential, protected persons remain with the patient and that all Local Rules have been adhered to, Appropriate action is taken if that does not occur +The patient's condition and well-being are observed ad appropriate action is taken +If an abnormality is observed on the image which is likely to impact on the patient's condition

in the immediate future, appropriate action is taken +Patient's needs on completion if the procedure are assessed and support offered as required +Patient/carer is informed of the results, procedure and any questions are answered accurately or referred appropriately

10 maintain records appropriately using correct terminology and communicate information effectively, through written, electronic, verbal and health informatics skills

+Patient/carer is given clear pre-examination instructions in a manner which assists their understanding +Appropriate patient documentation and images are recorded, collated and prepared for transfer or storage according to local protocols.

11 use appropriate communication skills throughout the "patient's imaging episode", taking into account psychological, social and cultural needs of patients

+Examination is explained in a manner which reassures the patient and encourages his/her co-operation +Appropriate instructions are given to the patient +key psychological, social and cultural needs of the patient are accounted for.

12 use and explain numerical approaches in the calculation of exposure factors and dose measurement

+Appropriate exposure factors, collimation and radiation protection devices are applied, checked and adjusted to minimise patient exposure whilst optimising diagnostic image quality

13 identify and explain the quality of clinical images in relation to their diagnostic value, identifying anatomy, normal variants, physiology and common pathology

+Correct labelling of image with the patient's orientation and identification details +Image inspected for satisfactory technical and diagnostic quality +Decision is made with regard to the need to repeat any images +Where necessary, a decision is made to take additional images to enhance the examination +If an abnormality is observed on the image which is likely to impact on the patient's condition in the immediate future, appropriate action is taken

14 identify your own limitations and boundaries and scope of practice seeking assistance appropriately

+Where help/advice is required, this is recognized and is sought from appropriate sources

15 state typical systems of work-flow for patient referrals from Accident and Emergency, Out-patient departments and General Practitioners exploring the potential for service improvement and/or innovation.

+ Typical systems of work flow for patient referrals from A&E, out-patient and GP are described according to local practice. Some areas for service improvement/ innovation are stated with some evidence of own opinion.

If unsafe practice is demonstrated then the student will be awarded an overall mark of 1% and an automatic refer.

TABLE A: ASSESSMENT TASK INFORMATION

ASSESSMENT TASK % weighting of overall module mark

Duration of task / word count / length of exam

In-module retrieval available?

Individual task pass mark ONLY IF OVER 40%**

Task 1 e-PDP 60% 3,000 Yes

Task 2 CAS pass/fail Yes pass/fail

Task 3 Placement Review 40% Yes 50%

6 THIS IS HOW YOU WILL BE GIVEN FEEDBACK ON YOUR PERFORMANCE You will receive continuous feedback on practical sessions within the university

setting and will be provided with formal written feedback from the formative practical and image interpretation assessment at the end of each academic block prior to going into the clinical environment. You will be encouraged to share the formative feedback with the clinical supervisors and develop an action plan for learning and development. You will receive feedback on your performance in the Clinical Assessment scheme (Task 2) from the clinical supervisors at the time of the assessment in a written format. You will be encouraged to comment on the feedback and action pan for development. You will negotiate when the assessments are undertaken

in the clinical environment thereby facilitating development on an individual basis. You will receive support and verbal feedback via the visiting lecturers throughout the academic year on the development of your e-PDP. You will receive timely written feedback on the summative assessment of the e-PDP. This feedback should be used to inform you on how to progress the development of the e-PDP for subsequent years and post registration. Task 3 feedback will be undertaken by the clinical liaison officer at the end of the clinical year taking into consideration the outcomes and comments of the CAS and supervisors. The feedback will focus on key areas of professional practice in line with the Common Clinical assessment tool and will include a banding of below minimum standards for level, meeting minimum standards for level and above minimum standards for level, free comments box will provide the assessor to provide constructive feedback that will guide you on how to improve your practice. You will be encouraged to comment on the feedback given by the clinical supervisors.

7 THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF THE KEY LEARNING RESOURCES YOU WILL USE

You will have full access to learning resources at the university including e-journals, books, keyskills on line and the module will be supported by the VLE with its own Blackboard site. The VLE will contain key resources such as an electronic copy of the module handbook, assessment, presentations and information documents. The module will be heavily reliant on the use of the practical suite for simulation of scenarios and the IT suite for the interpretation of digital images. The development and student loan of radiographic image libraries on CD roms will support you to develop skills in image interpretation. You will be able to access support from LITs who will provide reading lists and assist with literature searches. Indicative Reading List Journals - Synergy News Radiography Rad Magazine Books - Ballinger P, Frank E. (2003). Merrill's atlas of radiographic positions and radiologic procedures. Vol.1 10th ed. London: Mosby. Begg J. (2006). Abdominal X-rays made easy. 2nd Ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.

Bontrager K, Lampignamo J. (2005). Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. 6th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby. Briggs G. (2004). McGraw-Hill's pocket guide to chest X-rays: Pocket guide to chest X-rays. London: McGraw-Hill.

Federle M, [et al.]. c (2004). Diagnostic imaging: abdomen. Salt Lake City, Utah: Amirsys. Hayes S. (2003). Radiographic anatomy, positioning, and procedures workbook. Volume 1. St. Louis: Mosby. Kirby A, Cockbain M. (2008). Radiographic procedures: a pocket index. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Whitley S (ed) (2003) Clark's positioning in radiography. 12th edition. Hodder Headline Australia Professional Body - Statements of Professional Conduct. Society and College of Radiographers. Statements of Proficiency - Health Professions Council Code of Ethics and conduct. HPC HSC (2000). Work with ionising radiation: Ionising Radiation's Regulations 1999 approved code of practice and guidance. Health and Safety Commission. London: HSE Books.

Statutory Instrument (2000). The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000. London: Stationery Office.

Local Policies - Local Trust policies, procedures and reports Local Rules (SHU) On-line resources- Keyskills on line www.sor.org RCR Guidelines Royal College of Radiologists IR (ME) R 2000

FINAL TASK

According to the Assessment Strategy shown in the Module Descriptor, which task will be the LAST TASK to be taken or handed-in? (Give task number as shown in the Assessment Strategy)

Task No. 1

MODULE REFERRAL STRATEGY

Task for Task (as shown for initial assessment strategy) Y

Single Referral Package for All Referred Students N

REVISIONS

Date Reason

July 2012 Assessment Framework review