MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Next Generation Sequencing for High Yield AML and MDS Analysis Next...
If you can't read please download the document
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Next Generation Sequencing for High Yield AML and MDS Analysis Next Generation Sequencing for High Yield AML and MDS Analysis
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Next Generation Sequencing for
High Yield AML and MDS Analysis Next Generation Sequencing for High
Yield AML and MDS Analysis Aaron D. Bossler, MD, PhD Clinical
Associate Professor Director, Molecular Pathology Laboratory Phone:
319-384-9566 [email protected] 1 Disclosure: Grant or
research support received from: Iowa Department of Health, Roche
Diagnostics and Cepheid, Inc.
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY WHO 2008 AML Classification
Slide 5
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Recurrent Mutations in AML
NEJM.366.1079.2012.Patel
Slide 6
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Recurrent Mutations in MDS
Leuk.28.241.2014.Haferlach
Slide 7
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Chips are biosensors with 1-11
million pH meters each Ion Torrent PGM Semiconductor Sequencing pH
sensing semiconductor sequencing by synthesis 35400bp read lengths
PCR-based target capture requires only 10ng of DNA Bar-coding to be
able to run multiple specimens Fast sequencing times (< 1 day)
Relatively inexpensive to operate Detection of substitutions and
small insertion/deletion (
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Utility of Mutations in
Epigenetic Regulators DNMT3A Mutations in 18-22% of AML, 29-34% in
NK AML Prognosis: poorer outcomes especially with R882 mutation,
more favorable outcome with hi dose daunorubicin IDH1 and IDH2 6-9%
and 8-12% of AML, resp. Prognosis: IDH1 worse Overall and
Event-free Survival in NK AML with favorable- (NPM1 mutated) or
intermediate- risk disease IDH2 mostly worse outcome except for
R140 mutation Clinical trials of mutant selective inhibitors are
now beginning TET2 Mutations are found in MDS (>30%), MPN and
AML (~10%) Prognosis: usually poorer outcomes ASXL1 Mutations in
chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and
myeloproliferative neoplasms (20-25% of cases) 516% of older
patients (those aged 60 years and older) with AML have ASXL1
mutations Associated with poor outcome in all studies reported to
date
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Risk Classification of Patients
with Intermediate-Risk AML ECOG E1900 trial 398 patients Showed
improved outcomes using induction therapy or cytarabine and high
dose daunorubicin in patients with newly diagnosed AML compared to
low does daunorubicin Profiling was performed to identify genetic
differences and prognosis
Slide 35
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Risk Stratification Based on
Genetics NEJM.366.1079.2012.Patel MLL-PTD: partial tandem
duplication in MLL
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Spliceosome (ZRSR2, SF3B1,
SRSF2, U2AF1) Mutations Can be gain of function through exon
skipping or alternative splicing or loss of function by intron
retention of target genes. More prevalent in secondary than in de
novo AML Usually mutually exclusive - suggesting functional
redundancy or combined lethal effect
Slide 39
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Spliceosome Mutations 60 % of
CMML cases harbor mutations 50% in SRSF2, 20% in ZRSF2, SF3B1,
U2AF35, U2AF65 and SF3A1 SF3B1 mutations Significantly associated
with appearance of ring sideroblasts and in 75% of RARS-T SRSF2
mutations cluster to hotspot residue Pro95 Co-occur with TET2,
ASXL1, RUNX1, or IDH mutations Predict increased risk of
progression from myeloproliferative neoplasms to secondary AML
Slide 40
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY SF3B1 in MDS Conveys Favorable
Prognosis Blood.124.1513.2014.Malcovati
Slide 41
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY 7. SETBP3 Possibly involved in
DNA replication 25% of aCML 10% advanced MDS 5% CMML Associated
with poor overall survival and high risk of leukemic evolution
Nat.Gen.45.18.2013.Piazza
Slide 42
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LABORATORY Summary Favorable Prognosis NPM1
duplication/FLT3 wt CEBPA bi-allelic mutations GATA2 mutations
DNMT3A when treated with high dose daunorubicin IDH1/IDH2 mutations
SF3B1 Poor Prognosis RUNX1 mutations FLT3 ITD and TKD KIT exon 8
and 17 mutations DNMT3A R882 mutation ASXL1 mutations TET2
mutations SETBP1 mutations Association with MDS GATA2 CBL SF3B1,
ZRSR2, SRSF2, U2AF1 SETBP1 Treatment/Clinical Trials FLT3 KIT RAS
(via MEK or AKT inhibition)