Monday 10-21-13Objective: understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the structure and explain the function of each cell organelle; distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cellsAgenda:1. Bell Ringer 11 (35R)2. Continue with cell notes ( ch.7)- (36L)3. Finish Cell/Microscope Station Rotation (32R-34R)

Reminders: Extra credit due tomorrow at the START of class; you will have a cell organelle, prokaryote/eukaryote quiz TOMORROW ( so hopefully you have been studying); vocabulary due tomorrow ( side board or todays notes)- (36R-37L); Test this Thursday ( Cell Organelles, Pro/Eu/ Homeostasis)

Chapter 7 Unit Vocab ( due 10/22)Homeostasis, osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, positive and negative feedback loop, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, selectively permeable, passive transport, active transport

CELL THEORY1. All living things are ________________________.

2. Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. (cell = basic unit of _____________)

3. Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells

Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm

MADE OF CELLS

existing

lifeSTRUCTURE FUNCTION

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis

1970-American Biologist _____________________provides evidence forthe idea thatcertain organelles within cells were oncefree-living cells themselves.

= _________________________

Lynn Margulis

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

Evidence for Endosymbiotic theory1. Mitochondia and chloroplasts have circular_______ similar to bacteria.

2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ______________ whose size and structure resemble bacterial

ribosomes.

3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicated using _________________ like bacteria.

4. _______________________ of mitochondria and chloroplasts have a composition similar to bacterial membranes.

DNA

Binary fission

RIBOSOMES

http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/mitochondria_lifecycle_graduate.htm

INNER MEMBRANES

All living things made of cells BUT… organisms can be very different.

UNICELLULAR

MULTICELLULAR

Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF

http://www.angelbabygifts.com/http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

CELL SIZE

Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter

http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm

How big is a micron ( µ ) ?http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg

1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS.

Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg

They have different kinds of cells doing different jobs

Cells in a multi-cellular organism become SPECIALIZED by turning different genes on and off Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg

Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION

SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLSMuscle

cellsRed blood cells

http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg

http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html

Cheek cells

Specialized Plant cells

Guard cells

Xylem cells

Pollen

Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpgXylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.jpgPollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg

________ __________ ___________ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES

IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

Levels of Organization

____________ ____________ CELLS TISSUES

IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

Similar cells working together

Levels of Organization

___________ __________ ___________ORGANS

ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM

IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

Different tissuesworking together

Different organsworking together

Levels of Organization

Tuesday 10-22-13

Objective: understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the structure and explain the function of each cell organelle; distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cells; understand how cells maintain a state of homeostasis Agenda:1. Quiz: Pro/Eukaryotes; Cell OrganellesDue: Extra Credit, Unit Vocabulary Reminder: Cell Analogy Project Due Friday; There will be a test Thursday over: cell organelle structures/functions; pro/eukaryotes; and homeostasis notes`( tomorrow). Last day to retest is Thursday 10-24

Wednesday 10-23-13

Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis.Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis and transport of molecules.Agenda:1. Homeostasis Notes (37R)2. Homeostasis Demonstration/Mini Lab (38L)3. Door Ticket ( 38R)-10 min- Positive and Negative Feedback Loop ExamplesReminder: Cell Analogy Project Due Friday; There will be a test Thursday over: cell organelle structures/functions; pro/eukaryotes; and homeostasis notes;

Homeostasis

1. What does the term feedback mean?

2. What does it mean when a teacher or coach gives you feedback?

Homeostasis• Homeostasis– maintaining internal balance in the body• organism must keep internal conditions stable even

if environment changes• also called “dynamic equilibrium”

– example: body temperature• humans:

– too cold = shiver– too warm = sweat

• lizard: – too cold = bask in sun – too warm = hide in shade

Regulation• How we maintain homeostasis– nervous system• nerve signals control body functions

– endocrine system• hormones• chemical signals control body functions

What mechanisms are there to cool the body down?

1. Sweating• When your body is hot, sweat glands are

stimulated to release sweat.• The liquid sweat turns into a gas (it

evaporates)• To do this, it needs heat.• It gets that heat from your skin.• As your skin loses heat, it cools down.

What mechanisms are there to cool the body down?

2. Vasodilation Your blood carries most of the heat

energy around your body. There are capillaries underneath

your skin that can be filled with blood if you get too hot.

This brings the blood closer to the surface of the skin so more heat can be lost.

This is why you look red when you are hot!

What mechanisms are there to warm the body up?

1. Vasoconstriction This is the opposite of vasodilation The capillaries underneath your

skin get constricted (shut off). This takes the blood away from the

surface of the skin so less heat can be lost.

What mechanisms are there to warm the body up?

2. Piloerection This is when the hairs on your skin

“stand up” . It is sometimes called “goose

bumps” or “chicken skin”! The hairs trap a layer of air next to

the skin which is then warmed by the body heat

The air becomes an insulating layer.

Controlling water levels

• The control of water levels is carried out by the KIDNEYS.

• It is closely linked to the excretion of urea.• Urea is a waste product that is made when the

LIVER breaks down proteins that are not needed by the body.

• Urea contains the element Nitrogen.

Controlling Glucose levels

• Your cells also need an exact level of glucose in the blood.

• Excess glucose gets turned into glycogen in the liver

• This is regulated by 2 hormones (chemicals) from the pancreas called:

InsulinGlucagon

2 types of feedback loops

1. Negative feedback system-correct the error2. Positive feedback system-keeps pushing error

in same direction.

Negative Feedback• Response to changed body condition– if body is high or low from normal level • signal tells body to make changes that will bring body

back to normal level

– once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off

high

hormone 1

lowersbody condition

gland

specific body condition

Controlling Body Temperature

high

low

nerve signals

sweat

nerve signals

brain

body temperature

shiver brain

dilates surfaceblood vessels

constricts surfaceblood vessels

Nervous System Control Feedback

liver

pancreas

liver

Regulation of Blood Sugar

blood sugar level(90mg/100ml)

insulin

body cells takeup sugar from blood

liver storessugar

reducesappetite

glucagon

pancreas

liver releasessugar

triggershunger

high

low

FeedbackEndocrine System Control

Positive feedback loop

• Does not reverse the situation but increases the change in the system.

Positive feedback system

• During labor the muscle contractions push the baby through the birth canal becoming stronger by secreting the hormone oxytocin.

• Oxytocin is produced continously until the baby is delivered.

Thursday 10-24-13Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis; understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the structure and explain the function of each cell organelle; distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cells; understand how cells maintain a state of homeostasis .

Agenda1. Exam Day 2. Add: Isotonic, Hypertonic, and Hypotonic to

page 37L

Reminders: Cell Analogy Project Due TOMRROW!.

Friday 10-25-13Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis.Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis and transport of molecules.Agenda:1. Bell Ringer 12 (40L)- 5 min2. Notes (computer): Cellular Transport 25 min (39L)3. Summary of Notes – 10min. ( Fryer)- (39R)4. Closure: Explain how osmosis differs from diffusion. Explain what they have in common? (5 min)- Journal page (39R) under fryer model

Due: Cell Analogy Projects! Homework: Cut outs for cell membrane ( lipid bilayer) need to be done for class on Monday