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Monitoring Monitoring Equipment and Equipment and
Detection DevicesDetection Devices
Chapter 14
Training OutlineTraining OutlineTraining OutlineTraining Outline
Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples presented in the manualspresented in the manuals
Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Devices.
Hands-on Practice.Hands-on Practice.
Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples presented in the manualspresented in the manuals
Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Devices.
Hands-on Practice.Hands-on Practice.
Instrument TypesInstrument TypesInstrument TypesInstrument Types
Compound Specific vs.Compound Specific vs.Non-Compound Specific.Non-Compound Specific.
Diffusion Diffusion (passive)(passive) vs. vs.Sample Draw Sample Draw (active).(active).
Compound Specific vs.Compound Specific vs.Non-Compound Specific.Non-Compound Specific.
Diffusion Diffusion (passive)(passive) vs. vs.Sample Draw Sample Draw (active).(active).
InterpretingInterpretingResultsResultsInterpretingInterpretingResultsResults
AccuracyAccuracy
Detection LimitDetection Limit
SensitivitySensitivity
InterferencesInterferences
AccuracyAccuracy
Detection LimitDetection Limit
SensitivitySensitivity
InterferencesInterferences
InstrumentInstrumentRequirementsRequirementsInstrumentInstrumentRequirementsRequirements
Within its Calibration Period.Within its Calibration Period. Passes Basic Function Test.Passes Basic Function Test. Operates and is Accurate within the Operates and is Accurate within the
Required Concentration Ranges.Required Concentration Ranges. Interference are Known.Interference are Known. Operates within the Temperature, Operates within the Temperature,
Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to be Present.be Present.
Within its Calibration Period.Within its Calibration Period. Passes Basic Function Test.Passes Basic Function Test. Operates and is Accurate within the Operates and is Accurate within the
Required Concentration Ranges.Required Concentration Ranges. Interference are Known.Interference are Known. Operates within the Temperature, Operates within the Temperature,
Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to be Present.be Present.
Specific Types of Specific Types of InstrumentsInstruments
Specific Types of Specific Types of InstrumentsInstruments
Combustible Gas Indicators.Combustible Gas Indicators.
Electrochemical Sensors.Electrochemical Sensors.
Colorimetric Detector Tubes.Colorimetric Detector Tubes.
Flame Ionization Detectors.Flame Ionization Detectors.
Radiation Detectors.Radiation Detectors.
Combustible Gas Indicators.Combustible Gas Indicators.
Electrochemical Sensors.Electrochemical Sensors.
Colorimetric Detector Tubes.Colorimetric Detector Tubes.
Flame Ionization Detectors.Flame Ionization Detectors.
Radiation Detectors.Radiation Detectors.
CGI WarningsCGI WarningsCGI WarningsCGI Warnings
At least 16% oxygen must be present.At least 16% oxygen must be present. >UEL can poison sensor.>UEL can poison sensor. Specific compounds can damage sensor.Specific compounds can damage sensor. Accurate only for calibrant gas used.Accurate only for calibrant gas used. Evacuation: >10% LEL. Evacuation: >10% LEL.
At least 16% oxygen must be present.At least 16% oxygen must be present. >UEL can poison sensor.>UEL can poison sensor. Specific compounds can damage sensor.Specific compounds can damage sensor. Accurate only for calibrant gas used.Accurate only for calibrant gas used. Evacuation: >10% LEL. Evacuation: >10% LEL.
CGICGILower Detection LimitLower Detection LimitCGICGILower Detection LimitLower Detection Limit
Find LEL of calibrant gasFind LEL of calibrant gas- - Methane LEL = 5.3% = 53,000 ppmMethane LEL = 5.3% = 53,000 ppm
Lowest reading from CGI is 1% Lowest reading from CGI is 1%
LDL = (53,000 ppm) (0.01) = 530 ppmLDL = (53,000 ppm) (0.01) = 530 ppm
Combustible GasCombustible GasIndicatorIndicatorCombustible GasCombustible GasIndicatorIndicator
To determine concentration you need to know:To determine concentration you need to know:
- - Identity of contaminant.Identity of contaminant.
- Calibrant gas - Calibrant gas
- Response curves or conversion factor, if- Response curves or conversion factor, if required. required.
- No interfering gases or vapors present.- No interfering gases or vapors present.
To determine concentration you need to know:To determine concentration you need to know:
- - Identity of contaminant.Identity of contaminant.
- Calibrant gas - Calibrant gas
- Response curves or conversion factor, if- Response curves or conversion factor, if required. required.
- No interfering gases or vapors present.- No interfering gases or vapors present.
CGI: % to PPMCGI: % to PPMCGI: % to PPMCGI: % to PPM
Find curves or response factor and adjust Find curves or response factor and adjust meter reading.meter reading.
Find % LEL for compound and convert to Find % LEL for compound and convert to ppm.ppm.
Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter reading. reading.
Find curves or response factor and adjust Find curves or response factor and adjust meter reading.meter reading.
Find % LEL for compound and convert to Find % LEL for compound and convert to ppm.ppm.
Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter reading. reading.
40200
60 80100
2001000
300 4005000
5 10 15 2025 % 0 2
PPM
BATT CKO CAL2
PERCENT LEL
GASTECH 1 MA
ElectrochemicalElectrochemicalSensor WarningsSensor Warnings
Temperature, humidity, RF, & altitude.Temperature, humidity, RF, & altitude.
Interfering gases.Interfering gases.
Battery replacement.Battery replacement.
Sensor replacement.Sensor replacement.
OXYGEN METEROXYGEN METEROXYGEN METEROXYGEN METER
Normal atmosphere: 20.9%Normal atmosphere: 20.9% Oxygen deficient: Oxygen deficient: 19.5%19.5% Oxygen enriched: 23.5%Oxygen enriched: 23.5% Interferences: oxidizers,Interferences: oxidizers,
particulates, and altitudeparticulates, and altitude Accuracy: Accuracy: ++ 0.5% 0.5%
Normal atmosphere: 20.9%Normal atmosphere: 20.9% Oxygen deficient: Oxygen deficient: 19.5%19.5% Oxygen enriched: 23.5%Oxygen enriched: 23.5% Interferences: oxidizers,Interferences: oxidizers,
particulates, and altitudeparticulates, and altitude Accuracy: Accuracy: ++ 0.5% 0.5%
ColorimetricColorimetricDetector TubesDetector TubesColorimetricColorimetricDetector TubesDetector Tubes
Function checksFunction checks
Sampling rangeSampling range
InterferencesInterferences
AccuracyAccuracy
Function checksFunction checks
Sampling rangeSampling range
InterferencesInterferences
AccuracyAccuracy
PhotoionizationPhotoionizationDetectorsDetectorsPhotoionizationPhotoionizationDetectorsDetectors
Lamp eV (10.2 eV)Lamp eV (10.2 eV)
Know calibrant gas Know calibrant gas (isobutylene)(isobutylene)
Interferences: humidityInterferences: humidity
Lamp eV (10.2 eV)Lamp eV (10.2 eV)
Know calibrant gas Know calibrant gas (isobutylene)(isobutylene)
Interferences: humidityInterferences: humidity
Atmospheric TestAtmospheric TestSequenceSequence
Atmospheric TestAtmospheric TestSequenceSequence
Oxygen Level Test.Oxygen Level Test.
Combustible Gas Indicator.Combustible Gas Indicator.
Specific Chemicals.Specific Chemicals.
Ionizing RadiationIonizing RadiationIonizing RadiationIonizing Radiation
AlphaAlpha
BetaBeta
GammaGamma
X-rayX-ray
AlphaAlpha
BetaBeta
GammaGamma
X-rayX-ray
7
RADIOACTIVE IIICONTENTS
ACTIVITY
Emergency Exposure LimitsEmergency Exposure Limits(10 CFR 20)(10 CFR 20)
Emergency Exposure LimitsEmergency Exposure Limits(10 CFR 20)(10 CFR 20)
REMREM = Absorbed dose (Rad) x Q.F. = Absorbed dose (Rad) x Q.F.
1.25 REM1.25 REM Exposure per calendar quarterExposure per calendar quarter 5 REM5 REM Exposure per yearExposure per year 10 REM10 REM Max exposure to mitigate Max exposure to mitigate
an incident.an incident. 25 REM25 REM Max. exposure to save a life.Max. exposure to save a life.
REMREM = Absorbed dose (Rad) x Q.F. = Absorbed dose (Rad) x Q.F.
1.25 REM1.25 REM Exposure per calendar quarterExposure per calendar quarter 5 REM5 REM Exposure per yearExposure per year 10 REM10 REM Max exposure to mitigate Max exposure to mitigate
an incident.an incident. 25 REM25 REM Max. exposure to save a life.Max. exposure to save a life.
Radiation ControlsRadiation ControlsRadiation ControlsRadiation Controls TimeTime
DistanceDistance
ShieldingShielding
TimeTime
DistanceDistance
ShieldingShielding
100'50'25'12.5'6.25'
RadioactiveSource
1
200'
.2541664256
Distance from Source
Dose Rate (R/hr or mR/hr)
Ionizing RadiationIonizing RadiationInstrumentsInstruments
Ionizing RadiationIonizing RadiationInstrumentsInstruments
Survey MeterSurvey Meter Fixed Area DetectorFixed Area Detector Self Reading DosimeterSelf Reading Dosimeter Film BadgeFilm Badge
Survey MeterSurvey Meter Fixed Area DetectorFixed Area Detector Self Reading DosimeterSelf Reading Dosimeter Film BadgeFilm Badge
Radiation UnitsRadiation UnitsRadiation UnitsRadiation Units
AlphaAlpha Counts per minuteCounts per minute BetaBeta Rad./hr. or milirems/hr.Rad./hr. or milirems/hr. GammaGamma Rad/hr., Rem/hr., Rad/hr., Rem/hr.,
RoentgenRoentgen X-rayX-ray Rad/hr., Rem/hr, Rad/hr., Rem/hr,
RoentgenRoentgen
AlphaAlpha Counts per minuteCounts per minute BetaBeta Rad./hr. or milirems/hr.Rad./hr. or milirems/hr. GammaGamma Rad/hr., Rem/hr., Rad/hr., Rem/hr.,
RoentgenRoentgen X-rayX-ray Rad/hr., Rem/hr, Rad/hr., Rem/hr,
RoentgenRoentgen
Monitoring EquipmentMonitoring Equipmentand Detection Devicesand Detection Devices
SUMMARYSUMMARY
Monitoring EquipmentMonitoring Equipmentand Detection Devicesand Detection Devices
SUMMARYSUMMARY
Basic Instrument Principles.Basic Instrument Principles.
Demonstration of Instruments and Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Detection Devices.
Hands-on Practice.Hands-on Practice.
Basic Instrument Principles.Basic Instrument Principles.
Demonstration of Instruments and Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Detection Devices.
Hands-on Practice.Hands-on Practice.
1. E-mail question(s) to [email protected]. Your question(s) will be answered asap.
QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions
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Monitoring EquipmentMonitoring Equipmentand Detection Devicesand Detection Devices
Monitoring EquipmentMonitoring Equipmentand Detection Devicesand Detection Devices
EXAM TIMEEXAM TIME
