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A Longitudinal Study of Moral Judgment

Author(s): Anne Colby, Lawrence Kohlberg, John Gibbs, Marcus Lieberman, Kurt Fischer andHerbert D. Saltzstein Source: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 48, No. 1/2, A Longitudinal Study of Moral Judgment (1983), pp. 1-124 Published by: on behalf of theWiley Society for Research in Child Development Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1165935 Accessed: 21-01-2016 10:48 UTC

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MONOGRAPHS

OF

THE

SOCIETY FOR

RESEARCH

N

CHILD

DEVELOPMENT

SERIAL NO. 200, VOL.

48,

NOS. 1-2

A

LONGITUDINAL

TUDY

OF MORALJUDGMENT

ANNE

COLBY

RADCLIFFE

COLLEGE

LAWRENCE

KOHLBERG

HARVARD

UNIVERSITY

JOHNGIBBS

OHIO

STATE

UNIVERSITY

MARCUS

LIEBERMAN

HARVARD

UNIVERSITY

WITH

COMMENTARIESY

KURT

ISCHER

HERBERT. SALTZSTEIN

AND

REPLY Y

LAWRENCE

OHLBERG

AND

ANNE

COLBY

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MONOGRAPHS OF THE

SOCIETY FOR

RESEARCH

IN

CHILD

DEVELOPMENT,

SERIAL

NO.

200,

VOL.

48,

NOS. 1-2

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

1

II. METHOD

14

III. RELIABILITY

AND

VALIDITY

OF STANDARD ISSUE SCORING

19

IV.

RESULTS

28

V.

DISCUSSION

57

APPENDIX

A

77

APPENDIX

B

85

APPENDIX

C

87

APPENDIX

D

90

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

3

REFERENCES

94

ILLUMINATING

THE

PROCESSES OF

MORAL

DEVELOPMENT:

COMMENTARY

BY

KURT W. FISCHER

97

CRITICAL ISSUES IN KOHLBERG'S THEORY OF

MORAL

REASONING:

COMMENTARY

BY

HERBERT D. SALTZSTEIN

108

REPLY

BY

LAWRENCE

KOHLBERG AND

ANNE COLBY

120

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ABSTRACT

COLBY,

ANNE; KOHLBERG,

LAWRENCE;

GIBBS,

JOHN;

and

LIEBERMAN,

MARCUS.

A

Longitudinal

tudy f

Moral

Judgment.

ith

Commentaries

by

KURT

FISCHER

nd

HERBERTD.

SALTZSTEIN;

with

eplyby

AWRENCE

KOHLBERG and

ANNE COLBY.

Monographs

f

the

ocietyor

Research

in Child

Development,

983,

48(1,

Serial No.

200).

This

paper

presents

he results fa

20-year ongitudinal

tudy

fmoral

judgment

development.

he

study

epresents

n

attempt

o

document he

basic

assumptions

f

Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental

heory

f

moral

judgment.

Subjects

were 58

boys

aged

10,

13,

and 16

at time 1

and were

approximately

qually

divided at each

age

by

social class

and sociometric

status. ociometric

nd socioeconomic

roups

were

qualized

for

ntelligence.

The

study

ncluded

ix

testing

imes-the

original

nterview

nd

five

ollow-

up

interviewsdministeredt

3-4-year

ntervals.At

each

testing

ime

sub-

jects were individuallynterviewed n theirudgments bout nine hypo-

thetical

moral dilemmas. nterviews

were

stage

scored

according

o

Forms

A,

B,

and C

of

the Standard

ssue

Scoring

Manual. All

scoring

was

done

blind

by

individualdilemma. Data

are

presented

n

test-retest,

lternate

form,

nd

interrater

eliability

or

Standard ssue

Scoring.

Validity

of the

instrument

s

discussed.

It was

found hat

ubjects

proceeded

hrough

he

developmental

tages

in

the

hypothesized equence.

No

subject

kipped

stage

n

the

sequence

and

only

4%

(6)

of

the

adjacent

testing

imes

showed

downward

stage

change.Thispercentagewaslessthandownward hangeontest-retestata.

Moral

udgment

nterviewslso showed

high

degree

f

nternal

onsistency

in

stage

scores

ssigned

with

the

great

majority

f

the

interviews

eceiving

all

their

scores at

two

adjacent

stages.

Factor

analyses

by

dilemma

and

moral

ssue

showed

single

general

moral

tage

factor.

Moral

judgment

was

found o

be

positively

orrelated

with

ge,

socio-

economic

tatus,

Q,

and

education.

Stage

scores

n

childhood

were

signifi-

cantly

orrelatedwith

dulthood

cores.

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COLBY ET AL.

The results

f this

study

were

interpreted

s

being

consistent ith

a

cognitive-developmental

tage

model.

Subjects

seemed

to

use

a

coherent

structuralrientationn thinkingbout a variety fmoraldilemmas. heir

thinking

eveloped

n a

regular

equence

of

tages,

neither

kipping

stage

nor

reverting

o use of

prior

tage.

The

Standard ssue

Scoring

ystem

was

found

o

be

reliable,

nd it was

concluded hat t

provides

valid

measure

of

Kohlberg's

moral

udgment

tages.

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I.

INTRODUCTION

This