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The French Revolution
Why was the French Revolution more important the the American Revolution?
More profound in its consequences
Attacked privileged institutions
Promoted idea of nationalism, or intense loyalty to the state
Extended Manhood suffrage
French Society
First Estate Second Estate Third Estate
Responses to the need for change in EuropeConservative – restore
monarchy; loyal to the church
Liberal – wanted to limit state power; sought economic reforms
Radical – wanted wider voting rights; advocated for lower classes
Bishop Bossuet – Sacredness of Royal Power (second half of the 1600s)
Louis XVI’s Speech – June 1789
National Assembly – Declaration of Human Rights August 1789 The representatives of the French people,
organized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incontestable principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all. Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen:
List of Grievances and Petition of Women - 1789
Paris Guarded by the People –July 1789
Storming of the Bastille
National Assembly Passes New Constitution – declares war 1791Limited the power of
the monarchyRestructured French
politics and societyAustria and Prussia
threaten to intervene
Freedom is not for everyone – Jean Marat November 1792
The Constitution Cannot be Fulfilled – St. Just October 1793
Luis XVI executed – August 1792
National Convention and Robespierre - 1792•Radical “Mountain” faction•Committee of Public Safety•Reign of Terror
Revolutionary Committee - 1793
Robespierre executed
More conservative constitution passed
New executive authority: the Directory
1797 – end of the republican phase of the Revolution
NapoleonPopular
AuthoritarianismProvided internal
stabilityNegotiated
agreement with the Catholic Church
(Concordat of 1801)
NapoleonPromulgated Civil
Code of 1804Declared Himself
Emperor in 1804Success of France
depended on military and diplomacy
Alliance of Russian, Austrian, Prussian, and British forces defeats Nap. in 1814
Napoleon
Congress of ViennaComprehensive
Peace SettlementRestored French
MonarchyRedrew bordersEstablished “Holy
Alliance” of Austria, Russia, and Prussia