Most common diseases of 50 plus – Thyroid Diseases III – Thyroid Adenoma: Preventions, Managements and Treatments

8/10/2019 Most common diseases of 50 plus Thyroid Diseases III Thyroid Adenoma: Preventions, Managements and Treat

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Most common diseases of 50 plus Thyroid Diseases III Thyroid Adenoma: Preventions, Managementsand Treatments

y !yle "# $ortonHealth article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research

papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health,ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, thekarate G dail!, etc.,.

"a#ed $O% &0 ()*+ - ( / O $* $ 2 3$HO $O( ) b! )isilgold.co# "a#ed &0 of the best health $weeters +anada 4

Huffington %ost

"o#inated for short! award over last 5 !earso#e articles have been used as references in #edical research, such asinternational 6ournal %har#a and io science, * " 078&49:77.

Thyroid disease $h!roid disease is defined as a condition of #alfunction of th!roid gland.

Thyroid disease: Thyroid adenoma $h!roid adeno#a is a benign tu#or started in the la!er of cell lined the inner surface of the th!roid gland. $he disease is relativel! co##on a#ong adultsliving in the 3nited tates. ost th!roid nodules are $h!roid adeno#a.

A# %is& factors1. ccording to the stud! b! the 3niversit! of +a#pinasa# 'raves( disease $he prevalence of th!roid nodules and th!roid carcino#a in Graves'disease was :8.8 < and &.0&


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etabolic s!ndro#e such as h!pertension, prediabetes and diabetes was allassociated to independent risk factors for th!roid nodules>$"? afterad6ust#ent for se@, age, bod! #ass inde@, blood lipid levels, s#oking status,and alcohol consu#ption>10?

+# Insulin resistance I%-ccording to the stud! b! the askent 3niversit! acult! of edicine,

patients with i#paired glucose #etabolis# have significantl! increasedth!roid volu#e and nodule risks>11?>1:?.

5# %A. mutations #utation > #ut? was significantl! associated with increased risk

of th!roid lesions including Hashi#otoAs th!roiditis, nodular goiters,h!perplastic nodules, follicular adeno#as > ?, etc., according to the stud!

b! the Bing bdulaziz 3niversit!>1C?.

# /auses# Iodine deficiency and e1cess

*odine, as a trace ele#ent, is essential for th!roid gland to produce th!roidhor#ones th!ro@ine >$5? and triiodoth!ronine >$C?. ccording to stud!,iodine deficienc! can cause h!poth!roidis#, develop#ental brain disordersand goiter, leading to #ental retardation and brain da#age as well asinduced #iscarriages, stillbirths, and other co#plications in in pregnantwo#en>5?. On the other hand, iodine e@cess induced colloid goiter, the

benign, noncancerous overgrowths of th!roid tissue with diagnosis ofnor#al seru# $5 and slightl! decreased $ H. )epending to the severit! ofiodine deficienc! or e@tent of iodine e@cess, each condition has a differentth!roid tu#or pro#otion #echanis#>&?.

)# %adiation therapy%atients received radiotherap! to the head, neck, and upper thora@ areat increased risk of developing subseDuent th!roid #alignancies, according

to the 3niversit! of Eestern Ontario>9?.

2# 3ashimoto(s thyroiditis 4 af protein is responsible for cell signalling inside cells in regulationof cell growth.

ccording to the stud! b! the 3niversit! of +rete, deregulation of 4 afshowed to postpone onset of benign and #alignant th!roid disease b! #ore


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than 10 !ears>8?.

/# 4ymptomsost people with th!roid adeno#a are e@perience no s!#pto#s. !#pto#s

#a! include the below, if the tu#or has been growth large enough tointerfere the function of nearb! cells or organs or if it is a functional tu#or,which produce e@cessive th!roid hor#one to cause h!perth!roidis#.

# Difficulty *reathing and s allo ing*f the tu#or is growth large enough, it #a! interfere with breathing of thelung such as partial blocking the air wa! or the food passing to the phar!n@.

)# 6oice changes*f the tu#or is growth large enough, it #a! interfere with the voice bo@.

2# $ec& pain*f the tu#or is growth large enough, it #a! suppress the nerve cell in theneck.

+# 3ypertensionH!perth!roidis# is associated with unpleasant s!#pto#s and h!pertensiondue to increased adrenergic tone, according to the stud! b! the Harran3niversit! acult! of edicine>1?.

5# 7ther symptoms)epending to the age of the patients with th!roid adeno#a, the presence ofh!perth!roidis# #a! be e@perience certain s!#pto#s of tach!cardia,fatigue, and weight loss, h!peractive refle@es, increased sweating, heatintolerance, tre#or, nervousness, pol!dipsia, and increased appetite,anore@ia, atrial fibrillation and goiter, according to the stud! b! the +entreHospitalier et 3niversitaire de ouen>:?.

8# If thyroid adenoma is presented in people ho have 3ashimoto(sdisease

ccording to the article b! )r. ethan! $a!lor, posted in tead!health, patients with Hashi#oto=s disease #a! e@perience Fgeneral #uscle slow4down leads to tiredness, while reduced bod! #etabolis# causes dr! skin,hair loss, constipation and weight gain. oints co##onl! swell up, whileshortage of breath #a! develop due to effects on the heart. *n wo#en,

periods #a! beco#e heav! and slower brain activit! #ight result in #e#or!loss or poor concentration. /oungsters #a! fail to grow and #a! not do well


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at school >C?.

D# /omplications and Disease associated to Thyroid adenomaD# # /omplicationsH!perfunctioning nodules of the th!roid, found #ostl! in !ounger and

predo#inantl! fe#ale population contribute to C< of th!roid cancer,according to the 3niversit! of $e@as outhwestern edical +enter>15?.

D#)# Disease associated to Thyroid adenoma# 9aryngopharyngeal primary s uamous cell carcinoma

-ar!ngophar!ngeal pri#ar! sDua#ous cell carcino#a is found to coe@istwith th!roid nodules in so#e patients and patients with advanced#alignanc! of the upper aerodigestive tract>1&?.

)# 'astric adenocarcinoma than urine iodine level *odine deficienc!, is #ore likel! to be associated with gastricadenocarcino#a co#pared to the e@isting iodine deficienc! itself>19?.

2# Papillary thyroid carcinomalthough th!roid nodules are less co##on a#ong children than a#ong

adults, *n children cwith th!roid cancer, the finding of a th!roid nodule is :018?.

;# Misdiagnosis# 3yaliniH$$? are ver! rare and difficult diagnosedth!roid tu#ors. $he disease in so#e cases are #isdiagnosed as papillar!carcino#a initiall!>1 ?.

)# Totally cervical thymoma$otall! cervical th!#o#a arised fro# ectopic th!#ic tissue is e@tre#el! rare. *n so#e case it #a! be #isdiagnosed as a th!roid nodule>17?.

2# Papillary thyroid carcinoma PT/- %apillar! th!roid carcino#a >%$+? #a! be diagnosed as papillar! th!roidcarcino#a >%$+? b! " c!tolog!>:0?.

+# Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum phar!ngoesophageal diverticulu# can be #istaken for a th!roid nodule on


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ultrasound scan as a result of nonth!roidal lesions can #i#ic th!roidnodules on i#aging, according to the stud! b! the le@andra Hospital,

ingapore>:1?.

5# Primary thyroid paraganglioma $h!roid %Gs are e@ceptionall! rare tu#ors. *n so#e cases, the diseases were#isdiagnosed as #edullar th!roid carcino#a > $+? due to its anato#icall!#i#ic $+s>::?.

8# Anaplastic thyroid canceriedel=s th!roiditis with a rapidl! growing, hard, fi@ed, th!roid #ass #a!

#i#ic anaplastic th!roid cancer>:C?.

=# 3odg&in(s lymphoma

Hodgkin=s l!#pho#a of the th!roid is rare and can #i#ic a pri#ar! th!roidepithelial tu#or or th!roiditis clinicall!>:5?.

.# Diagnosisfter recording the past and present histor! and co#pleting a ph!sical e@a#,

including searching the nodule in the surrounding tissue and abnor#all!#ph nodes nearb!. $he tests ordered #a! include

# lood test$he ai# of the test is to #easure the level of th!roid sti#ulating hor#one>$ H? and free th!roid hor#ones > $5 and $C?, anti4th!ropero@idaseantibodies >anti4$%O?, sti#ulating antibodies >$ *? levels for e@clusion ofother th!roid diseases>:&?.

)# ;chography and Thyroid scintigraphy(chograph! is the first line e@a#ination to evaluate th!roid nodules b!

providing infor#ation of their structure, as well as abnor#alities associatedwith th!roiditis. $h!roid scintigraph! not onl! allows establishing thefunctional characteristics of th!roid nodules >war# or cold? but also precises

the origin of a h!poth!roidis#>:&?.

2# >ltrasonographyll ultrasound e@a#inations for th!roid nodule should include a #alignanc!

risk assess#ent based on tissues or structures nature of the nodule. *n patients with #ultinodular th!roid gland, precise nodule #apping isnecessar! to allow accuratel! identif! the nature of nodule>s? on iodine scan.


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Guide fine needle aspiration > " ? is used for suspicious nodules>:9?.

+# .ine?needle aspiration *iopsy .$A- and /ore needle *iopsies /$ s-3ltrasound4guided fine4needle aspiration biops! > " ?is the #ostco##onl! used diagnostic #ethod for the preoperative diagnosis of th!roidnodules. +ore needle biopsies >+" s? is used for the diagnosis of papillar!th!roid carcino#a and other non4follicular th!roid lesions and in cases if

" finding is suspicious for #alignanc!>:8?.

The *elo sections only apply, if Thyroid adenoma has *ecomecancerous e1cepted section of Treatments in conventional medicine#

'# Preventions'# # Diet

# 9egumes, organic soy and peanut)aidzein, is a ph!toche#ical in the *soflavones, belonging to the group of

lavonoids >pol!phenols?, found abundantl! in food of the fa#il! oflegu#es, so!, peanut, etc. +o#bination of "4t4 oc4he@!lenedia#inederivative of 84>O?4carbo@!#eth!l daidzein >c)4tboc? and c!toto@ic drugsshowed to inhibit hu#an th!roid cancer cell growth through deduction of tu#or volu#e with no apparent to@icit!>: ?.

)# 7rganic 4oy*eann acidic #ethanolic e@tract and . Genistein fro# so!beans inhibited

th!roid pero@idase4>$%O? catal!zed reactions essential to th!roid hor#ones!nthesis>:7?.

2# 'reen tea(pigallocatechin4C4gallate >(G+G?, a #a6or catechin found abundantl! ingreen tea, showed to possess re#arkable therapeutic potential againstvarious t!pes of hu#an cancer cells including th!roid cancer in vitro and invivo #odels>C0?.

'#)# Phytochemicals# ;pigallocatechin?2?gallate ;'/'-ccording to the stud! b! 3niversit! of +alabria, (pigallocatechin4C4

gallate inhibited cell proliferation and reduced #otilit! of hu#an anaplasticth!roid carcino#a cells through suppression of (G I( B pathwa! andc!clin 1I+)B1 co#ple@ in cell division>C:?.


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)# Isoflavone derivativesIsoflavone derivatives, "4t4 oc4he@!lenedia#ine derivative of 84>O?4carbo@!#eth!l daidzein >c)4tboc? e@hibited anti proliferative effect throughincreased apoptosis and cell necrosis>death of #ost or all of the cells?,according to stud! b! the $el4 viv 3niversit!>CC?.

2# Phytoestrogens(pide#iological and pathological data suggest that th!roid cancer #a! well

be an estrogen4dependent disease. )ietar! ph!toestrogens >includingisoflavones, daidzein and genistein, daidzein lignan, secoisolariciresinol?containing both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, showed to strongl!associate with risk reduction,, according to the present data fro# a#ultiethnic population4based case4control stud! of th!roid cancer conductedin the an rancisco a! rea. Of 18 cases diagnosed between 177& and

177 >C5?.

'#2# Antio1idants# Alpha?lipoic acid A9A-

- , a potential agent could be used as an ad6unctive agent to increaseefficac! of radioiodine therap! if co#bined with a strateg! to increase "*

protein in transport iodide into follicular cells of the th!roid gland, accordingto the stud! b! the 3niversit! of 3lsan +ollege of edicine>C&?.

)# 4eleniumccording to the stud! b! the +ancer egistr! of "orwa!, #ineral seleniu#> e? #ight reduce the risk of cancer and according to a pre4diagnostic case4control stud! fro# 17 9, patients with low levels of seleniu# are associatedto increase risk of th!roid cancer>C9?.

2# 6itamin Dccording to stud!, vita#in )>C?, :&>OH?)>C? and 1,:&>OH?>:?)>C? all

e@hibit antiproliferative effect on two th!roid cancer cell lines>C8?.

+# /oenC ?.

3# Treatments3# # In conventional medicine perspective

, atchful aiting


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*n #ost cases of benign th!roid nodules, diagnosed b! fine4needle aspiration biops! differentiating benign fro# #alignant th!roid nodules, !our doctor#a! suggest onl! si#pl! watching !our condition with regular interval

ph!sical e@a# and th!roid function tests>C7?.

)# %adiofre uency a*lationudio freDuenc! ablation is an effective and well tolerated treat#ent option

for benign th!roid nodules. adiofreDuenc! ablation of recurrent th!roidcancers #a! be an alternative to surger! in patients at high surgical risk>51?.

2# 4urgery*f the tu#or is growth large enough to interfere with function of nearb!tissues or organs, surger! #a! be necessar!.

5# In case of nodules that cause hyperthyroidisma# %adioactive iodine

* therap! co#bined with lithiu# showed a higher cure rate, safe and ti#eto cure was less than * alone>5:?. $reat#ent with radioactive iodine in

patients with h!perth!roidis# such as Graves' disease patient #a! induceswelling of the tissue>50?.

*# Medication such as methima5:a?.

c# 4urgery*n so#e cases if treat#ent with radioactive iodine or anti4th!roid#edications has not been effective, surger! #a! be necessar!.

3#)# In 3er*al medicine perspective# 'reen tea

(pigallocatechin4C4gallate >(G+G?, a #a6or catechin in green tea, was

shown to possess re#arkable therapeutic potential against various t!pes ofhu#an cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo #odels>5C?.

)# Polentilla al*a$he #ain tasks during treat#ent of h!perplastic th!roid disease is to stop thegrowth of th!roid nodules. co#pensation of h!poth!rosis; nor#alization ofth!roid size. %ph!todrug of %olentilla alba could be reco##ended for


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%eferences>1?httpMIIwww.ncbi.nl#.nih.govIpub#edI::&81&&:>:? httpMIIwww.ncbi.nl#.nih.govIpub#edI &C8&70>C?httpMIIwww.stead!health.co#IarticlesIHashi#otoNsN)iseaseNNNH!perth!roidis#Na:91.ht#l

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Most common diseases of 50 plus – Thyroid Diseases III – Thyroid Adenoma: Preventions, Managements and Treatments