MP and MPM that contain MP and MPM that contain

protoalkaloids and tropane protoalkaloids and tropane alkaloidsalkaloids

Biological Effect and Application of Biological Effect and Application of AlkaloidsAlkaloidsAlkaloid-bearing plants are used in Pharmacy and Medicine Alkaloid-bearing plants are used in Pharmacy and Medicine

with different purposes. They are used directly at the with different purposes. They are used directly at the Chemist’s shops for manufacturing of extracts and Chemist’s shops for manufacturing of extracts and decoctions (thermopsis – Thermopsis Lanceolata). The decoctions (thermopsis – Thermopsis Lanceolata). The others are used for manufacturing galenicals tinctures, others are used for manufacturing galenicals tinctures, extracts, neogalenicals. Alkaloids are produced from raw extracts, neogalenicals. Alkaloids are produced from raw stuff in pure form and then manufactured as: tablets, stuff in pure form and then manufactured as: tablets, ampoules, drage.ampoules, drage.

Medical significance of alkaloids:Medical significance of alkaloids: analgetics (Poppy remedies)analgetics (Poppy remedies) hemostatics (Claviceps purpurea medicines )hemostatics (Claviceps purpurea medicines ) cardiovascular remedies (ephedra)cardiovascular remedies (ephedra) anticancer (autumn crocus remedies )anticancer (autumn crocus remedies ) spasmolytic (beladonna).spasmolytic (beladonna).It is not possible to describe all types of phamacological It is not possible to describe all types of phamacological

effects. Effects of some alkaloids on the human body are effects. Effects of some alkaloids on the human body are studied well. These substances effect on specific studied well. These substances effect on specific receptors or influence enzyme activity.receptors or influence enzyme activity.

MP and MPM containing MP and MPM containing protoalkaloidsprotoalkaloids

Fructus CapsiciFructus CapsiciCapsicum annuum- Capsicum annuum- ChilliChilliSolanaceaeSolanaceae Constituents. Constituents. Contains Contains

capsaicinoids (0.1-1.9%) and the capsaicinoids (0.1-1.9%) and the main among them is capsaicin, main among them is capsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin. Fruits are homodihydrocapsaicin. Fruits are rich in vitamins C, P, B1, B2, rich in vitamins C, P, B1, B2, nikotinic and folic acids, carotinoids; nikotinic and folic acids, carotinoids; also contains steroidal saponins, also contains steroidal saponins, flavonoids, coumarin scopoletin; flavonoids, coumarin scopoletin; salts of potassium, sodium, salts of potassium, sodium, calcium, aluminium, iron.calcium, aluminium, iron.

UsesUses. Medicines from Capsicum . Medicines from Capsicum annuum are used externally to treat annuum are used externally to treat neuralgia and radiculitis as they neuralgia and radiculitis as they have irritating properties. have irritating properties. Medicines: Medicines: infusion, patchinfusion, patch. Infusion . Infusion is part of is part of ointment against ointment against frostbitesfrostbites, , capsitrin, espolcapsitrin, espol and and capsincapsin. Internally infusion can be . Internally infusion can be used to induce appetite and used to induce appetite and normalise indigestion, but in high normalise indigestion, but in high doses it can irritate gastro-intestinal doses it can irritate gastro-intestinal system.system.

Herba EphedraeHerba EphedraeEphedra equisetina- Ma Ephedra equisetina- Ma huanghuangEphedraceaeEphedraceae

Constituents. Constituents. Herb contains about Herb contains about 0.5-2.0% of alkaloids, and the main 0.5-2.0% of alkaloids, and the main is L-ephedrin; approx. 10% of is L-ephedrin; approx. 10% of tannins. tannins.

Uses. Uses. Ephedrin is used for the relief Ephedrin is used for the relief of asthma and hay fever. Its action of asthma and hay fever. Its action is more prolonged than that of is more prolonged than that of adrenaline, and it has the further adrenaline, and it has the further advantage that it need not be given advantage that it need not be given by injection but may be by injection but may be administered by mouth. Also used to administered by mouth. Also used to stimulate CNS during morphine and stimulate CNS during morphine and scopolamine poisoning. Medicines: scopolamine poisoning. Medicines: theoephedrin, antasthman, ephatin theoephedrin, antasthman, ephatin spray, solutan, broncholitinspray, solutan, broncholitin (all have (all have broncholitic properties).broncholitic properties).

Bulbotubera Colchici recentiaBulbotubera Colchici recentiaColchicum speciosum,Colchicum speciosum,Colchicum autumnale- Autumn crocus, Naked ladyColchicum autumnale- Autumn crocus, Naked ladyMelanthiaceaeMelanthiaceae

Constituents. Constituents. Contain Contain more than 10 more than 10 colchicinoalkaloids: colchicinoalkaloids: colchamin, colchicin, colchamin, colchicin, colchicein; flavonoids, colchicein; flavonoids, fitosterins, hydrocarbons fitosterins, hydrocarbons and aromatic acids.and aromatic acids.

Uses. Uses. ColchaminColchamin is used is used to treat cancer.to treat cancer.

MP and MPM containing MP and MPM containing tropane alkaloidstropane alkaloids

Folia BelladonnaeFolia BelladonnaeHerba BelladonnaeHerba BelladonnaeRadices BelladonnaeRadices BelladonnaeAtropa belladonna, Atropa belladonna, Atropa caucasica- Belladonna herbAtropa caucasica- Belladonna herbSolanaceaeSolanaceae

Constituents. Constituents. All plant contain tropane All plant contain tropane alkaloids, the chief of it is hyoscyaminealkaloids, the chief of it is hyoscyamine

Uses. Uses. Preparations from belladonna Preparations from belladonna have spasmolitic, broncholitic and have spasmolitic, broncholitic and pain-killing action, reduce the secretion pain-killing action, reduce the secretion of salivary, sweat and gastric glands, of salivary, sweat and gastric glands, extend pupils, cause tachycardia. extend pupils, cause tachycardia. Medicines: Medicines: dry extract, tincture, dry extract, tincture, belastesin, besalol, belalgin, becarbon,belastesin, besalol, belalgin, becarbon, belataminalbelataminal- spasmolitic remedies, to - spasmolitic remedies, to reduce spasms of gastro-intestinal reduce spasms of gastro-intestinal system; system; Zelenin dropsZelenin drops- heart neurosis; - heart neurosis; beloid-beloid- violations of autonomic nervous violations of autonomic nervous system; system; aklimanakliman- klimacteric violations; - klimacteric violations; anusol anusol and and betiolbetiol suppositories have suppositories have anesthetic action and thus are used to anesthetic action and thus are used to treat hemorrhoids.treat hemorrhoids.

Folia HyoscyamiFolia HyoscyamiHerba HyoscyamiHerba HyoscyamiHyoscyamus niger- HenbaneHyoscyamus niger- HenbaneSolanaceaeSolanaceae Constituents. Constituents.

Hyoscyamus niger Hyoscyamus niger contains tropane contains tropane alkaloids: gyosciamin, alkaloids: gyosciamin, scopolamin etc. (0.05-scopolamin etc. (0.05-0.1%). Leaves are rich 0.1%). Leaves are rich on flavonoids (rutin).on flavonoids (rutin).

Uses. Uses. Oil of henbane is Oil of henbane is used externally to treat used externally to treat neuralgias and neuralgias and rheumatism.rheumatism.

Folia DaturaeFolia DaturaeDatura stramonium- Datura stramonium- ThornappleThornappleSolanaceaeSolanaceae

Constituents. Constituents. 0.25-0.4% 0.25-0.4% of alkaloids, chiefly of alkaloids, chiefly hyoscyamin and hyoscyamin and scopolamin; volatile oils; scopolamin; volatile oils; carotinoids; tannic carotinoids; tannic substances.substances.

Uses. Uses. Oil has the same Oil has the same application as henbane application as henbane oil.oil.